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Deng Y, Chen S, Song S, Huang Y, Chen R, Tao A. Anti-DLL4 ameliorates toluene diisocyanate-induced experimental asthma by inhibiting Th17 response. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107444. [PMID: 33578263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exhibits an ability to induce steroid insensitive asthma with the involvement of Th17 cells. And emerging evidence has indicated that DLL4 signaling promotes Th17 differentiation through directly upregulating Rorc and IL-17 transcription. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects of DLL4 blocking antibody on TDI-induced asthma model. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate an asthma model. TDI-exposed mice were intraperitoneally injected with anti-DLL4 antibody and then analyzed for various parameters of the airway inflammatory responses. Increased expression of DLL4 in spleen and lung was detected in TDI-exposed mice. Furthermore, anti-DLL4 treatment alleviated TDI-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR), airway inflammation, airway epithelial injury and airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickening. In the meantime, neutralizing DLL4 also blunted Th17 response via downregulation of ROR-γt expression, while had no effect on Th2 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Overall, anti-DLL4 ameliorated TDI-induced experimental asthma by inhibiting Th17 response, implying the feasibility of targeting DLL4 for therapy of Th17-predominant severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lower respiratory disease that is very common worldwide, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Since the 1970s, asthma has become widespread, with approximately 300 million people affected worldwide and about 250,000 people have lost their lives. Asthma seriously affects people's physical and mental health, resulting in reduced learning efficiency, limited physical activities, and decreased quality of life. Therefore, raising awareness of the risk of asthma and how to effectively treat asthma have become important targets for the prevention and management of asthma in recent years. For patients with asthma, exercise training is a widely accepted adjunct to drug-based and non-pharmacological treatment. It has been recommended abroad that exercise prescriptions are an important part of asthma management.
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Chen S, Deng Y, He Q, Chen Y, Wang D, Sun W, He Y, Zou Z, Liang Z, Chen R, Yao L, Tao A. Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:608-625. [PMID: 32400128 PMCID: PMC7225000 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS TLR4-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice after each challenge. RESULTS TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4-/- mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. ,
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Asaduzzaman M, Davidson C, Nahirney D, Fiteih Y, Puttagunta L, Vliagoftis H. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 blockade inhibits changes seen in a chronic murine asthma model. Allergy 2018; 73:416-420. [PMID: 28940559 DOI: 10.1111/all.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR2 ) is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by serine proteinases. We have shown that PAR2 activation in the airways is involved in the development of allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in acute murine models. We hypothesized that functional inhibition of PAR2 prevents allergic inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling in chronic allergic airway inflammation models. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed and used a 12 week model of cockroach extract (CE)-mediated AHR, airway inflammation and remodeling in BALB/c mice. RESULTS Mice sensitized and challenged with CE for 12 weeks exhibit AHR, increased numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and increased collagen content in the lung tissue compared to saline controls. Administration of an anti-PAR2 antibody, SAM-11, after the initial development of airway inflammation significantly inhibited all these parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that PAR2 signaling plays a key role in CE-induced AHR and airway inflammation/remodeling in long term models of allergic airway inflammation. Targeting PAR2 activation may be a successful therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine; Pulmonary Research Group; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - C. Davidson
- Department of Medicine; Pulmonary Research Group; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - D. Nahirney
- Department of Medicine; Pulmonary Research Group; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Y. Fiteih
- Department of Medicine; Pulmonary Research Group; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - L. Puttagunta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - H. Vliagoftis
- Department of Medicine; Pulmonary Research Group; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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Regal JF, Regal RR, Meehan JL, Duan M, Mohrman ME. Contributions of age and sex to heterogeneity of symptoms and effectiveness of secondary prevention strategies in asthma as modeled in the Guinea pig. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 4:1-13. [PMID: 18958708 DOI: 10.1080/15476910601115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in a guinea pig model of asthma have suggested that age and sex contribute both to the profile of asthma symptoms, i.e., asthma heterogeneity, as well as to the success of primary prevention strategies. The present study investigated the contributions of age and sex to the severity of central vs. peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness as well as to the effectiveness of secondary preventions strategies for asthma as modeled in the guinea pig. Experimental groups: Young/Young, sensitized and challenged before sexual maturity; Young/Adult, sensitized young and challenged after sexual maturity; Adult/Adult, sensitized and challenged after sexual maturity. Males and females were sensitized IP with 0.5 mg/kg ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intratracheally with varying doses of OVA. Cellular infiltration into lung and lavage fluid, OVA specific IgG(1) as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine were determined 24 hr later. Airway hyperresponsiveness in central airways and peripheral lung was assessed by measurement of airway resistance, tissue damping and tissue elastance. Airway hyperresponsiveness with allergen sensitization and challenge was evident in male and female Adult/Adult animals and male Young/Young animals. Airway hyperresponsiveness in female Young/Young animals was not significant, despite marked airway eosinophilia. Changes in tissue elastance were more evident in OVA treated Adult/Adult compared to Young/Young animals. As allergen exposure decreased, a reduction in inflammation was seen in young females before other age sex groups. OVA induced increases in eosinophils were more pronounced in Young/Adult compared to Adult/Adult animals. Our results suggest that in asthmatic children, females may clinically benefit most from secondary prevention strategies to limit allergen exposure. In adult asthmatics, changes in tissue elastance may be significant, and secondary prevention strategies may be more effective in those sensitized as children compared to those sensitized as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
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Leclere M, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Joubert P, Relave F, Setlakwe EL, Beauchamp G, Couture C, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Corticosteroids and antigen avoidance decrease airway smooth muscle mass in an equine asthma model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:589-96. [PMID: 22721832 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0363oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that airway smooth muscle remodeling is an early event in the course of asthma. Little is known of the effects of long-term antigen avoidance and inhaled corticosteroids on chronically established airway remodeling. We sought to measure the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and antigen avoidance on airway remodeling in the peripheral airways of horses with heaves, a naturally occurring asthma-like disease. Heaves-affected adult horses with ongoing airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction were treated with fluticasone propionate (with and without concurrent antigen avoidance) (n = 6) or with antigen avoidance alone (n = 5). Lung function and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed at multiple time points, and peripheral lung biopsies were collected before and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Lung function improved more quickly with inhaled corticosteroids, but eventually normalized in both groups. Inflammation was better controlled with antigen avoidance. During the study period, corrected smooth muscle mass decreased from 12.1 ± 2.8 × 10(-3) and 11.3 ± 1.2 × 10(-3) to 8.3 ± 1.4 × 10(-3) and 7.9 ± 1.0 × 10(-3) in the antigen avoidance and fluticasone groups, respectively (P = 0.03). At 6 months, smooth muscle mass was significantly smaller compared with baseline only in the fluticasone-treated animals. The subepithelial collagen area was lower at 12 months than at baseline in both groups. During the study period, airway smooth muscle remodeling decreased by approximately 30% in both groups, although the decrease was faster in horses receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled corticosteroids may accelerate the reversal of smooth muscle remodeling, even if airway inflammation is better controlled with antigen avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Leclere
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Rhee CK, Kim JW, Park CK, Kim JS, Kang JY, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Kwon SS, Kim YK, Park SH, Lee SY. Effect of imatinib on airway smooth muscle thickening in a murine model of chronic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 155:243-51. [PMID: 21293142 DOI: 10.1159/000321261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation and remodeling. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate was developed to inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity; however, it also has potent inhibitory activity against the c-Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. The present study aimed to determine whether imatinib suppresses airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling and whether its effect is associated with growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and stem cell factor (SCF). METHODS We developed a mouse model of airway remodeling, which includes smooth muscle thickening, in which ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were repeatedly exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice a week for 3 months. Mice were treated with imatinib during the OVA challenge. RESULTS Mice chronically exposed to OVA developed sustained eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR compared with control mice. In addition, the mice chronically exposed to OVA developed features of airway remodeling, including thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer. Administration of imatinib significantly inhibited the development of AHR, eosinophilic inflammation and, importantly, ASM remodeling in mice chronically exposed to OVA. Imatinib treatment significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-4, -5 and -13. In addition, TGF-β1 and SCF were significantly reduced in the imatinib-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that imatinib administration can prevent not only airway inflammation, but also airway remodeling associated with chronic allergen challenge. Imatinib may provide a clinically attractive therapy for chronic severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Chen M, Lv Z, Jiang S. The effects of triptolide on airway remodelling and transforming growth factor-β₁/Smad signalling pathway in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Immunology 2011; 132:376-84. [PMID: 21214541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodelling contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in asthma. We have reported that triptolide, the major component responsible for the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, inhibited pulmonary inflammation in patients with steroid-resistant asthma. In the present study, we investigated whether triptolide inhibits airway remodelling in a mouse asthma model and observed the effects of triptolide on the transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁)/Smad pathway in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized to intraperitoneal OVA followed by repetitive OVA challenge for 8 weeks. Treatments included triptolide (40 μg/kg) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). The area of bronchial airway (WAt/basement membrane perimeter) and smooth muscle (WAm/basement membrane perimeter), mucus index and collagen area were assessed 24 hr after the final OVA challenge. Levels of TGF-β(1) were assessed by immunohistology and ELISA, levels of TGF-β(1) mRNA were measured by RT-PCR, and levels of pSmad2/3 and Smad7 were assessed by Western blot. Triptolide and dexamethasone significantly reduced allergen-induced increases in the thickness of bronchial airway and smooth muscle, mucous gland hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition. Levels of lung TGF-β(1) , TGF-β(1) mRNA and pSmad2/3 were significantly reduced in mice treated with triptolide and dexamethasone, and this was associated with a significant increase in levels of Smad7. Triptolide may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway remodelling. It may be a potential drug for the treatment of patients with a severe asthma airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yum HY, Cho JY, Miller M, Broide DH. Allergen-induced coexpression of bFGF and TGF-β1 by macrophages in a mouse model of airway remodeling: bFGF induces macrophage TGF-β1 expression in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010; 155:12-22. [PMID: 21109744 DOI: 10.1159/000317213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a cytokine that is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle and may play a role in airway remodeling in asthma. We have used a mouse model of chronic ovalbumin (OVA) allergen-induced airway remodeling to determine whether bFGF and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 are expressed and regulated by corticosteroids in the airway, as well as to determine whether bFGF mediates expression of another proremodeling cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. METHODS The airway levels and localization of bFGF, FGF receptor-1 and TGF-β1 were determined by ELISA, immunohistology and image analysis in the remodeled airways of chronic OVA-challenged mice treated with either corticosteroids or diluent. In vitro cultures of bone narrow-derived macrophages were used to determine whether bFGF induced TGF-β1 expression. RESULTS Mice chronically challenged with OVA developed significant airway remodeling that was associated with significantly increased levels of bFGF and TGF-β1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significantly increased bFGF and FGF receptor-1 expression by peri- bronchial F4/80+ cells. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy studies demonstrated that peribronchial macrophages coexpressed bFGF and TGF-β1. In vitro studies demonstrated that incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with bFGF induced expression of TGF-β1. Mice treated with corticosteroids and subjected to chronic OVA challenge had significantly reduced levels of bFGF, FGF receptor-1, peribronchial TGF-β1+ cells and airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that allergen challenge stimulates peribronchial macrophages to coexpress bFGF and TGF-β1 and that bFGF may potentiate macrophage release of TGF-β1 through autocrine and/or paracrine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Yum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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Song DJ, Min MG, Miller M, Cho JY, Broide DH. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure does not prevent corticosteroids reducing inflammation, remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in mice exposed to allergen. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L380-7. [PMID: 19525386 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90588.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation and improve lung function is significantly reduced in asthmatics who are tobacco smokers compared with asthmatics who are nonsmokers. As not only high levels of tobacco smoke exposure in active smokers, but also significantly lower levels of tobacco smoke exposure from passive environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in nonsmokers can increase both asthma symptoms and the frequency of asthma exacerbations, we utilized a mouse model to determine whether corticosteroids can reduce levels of airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in mice exposed to the combination of chronic ETS and ovalbumin (OVA) allergen. Chronic ETS exposure alone did not induce increases in eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, or airway hyperreactivity. Mice exposed to chronic OVA allergen had significantly increased levels of peribronchial fibrosis, increased thickening of the smooth muscle layer, increased mucus, and increased airway hyperreactivity, which was significantly enhanced by coexposure to the combination of chronic ETS and chronic OVA allergen. Administration of corticosteroids to mice exposed to chronic ETS and OVA allergen significantly reduced levels of eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus production, peribronchial smooth muscle thickness, airway hyperreactivity, and the number of peribronchial TGF-beta1+ cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that corticosteroids can significantly reduce levels of eosinophilic inflammation, mucus expression, airway remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in chronic ETS-exposed mice challenged with allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jin Song
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 92093-0635, USA
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11
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Johnson JR, Pacitto SR, Wong J, Archer EW, Eirefelt S, Miller-Larsson A, Jordana M. Combined budesonide/formoterol therapy in conjunction with allergen avoidance ameliorates house dust mite-induced airway remodeling and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L780-8. [PMID: 18776055 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90229.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by airway inflammation in response to chronic allergen exposure, resulting in remodeling of the airway wall accompanied by dysfunctional airway physiology. However, a link between the immune-inflammatory response to allergen and changes to airway structure and physiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the impact of inhaled corticosteroids and beta(2)-agonists, the primary pharmacotherapy for asthma, on this process has not been completely evaluated. In this study, we employed a murine model of chronic exposure to a common environmental aeroallergen, house dust mite, to recapitulate the phenotype of clinical asthma. By examining the therapeutic effects of corticosteroid/beta(2)-agonist combination therapy with budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) in this model of airway disease, we endeavored to determine the impact of BUD/FORM on lung inflammation, structure, and physiology. BUD/FORM was delivered either while allergen exposure was ongoing (concurrent therapy) or following the cessation of allergen exposure (postexposure therapy). Our results show that airway inflammation was substantially reduced in BUD/FORM-treated mice in the concurrent therapy group, whereas in the postexposure therapy group airway inflammation spontaneously resolved. In contrast, BUD/FORM was most effective in resolving several aspects of airway remodeling and bronchial hyperreactivity when delivered in conjunction with allergen withdrawal. This study demonstrates that although both BUD/FORM therapy and allergen avoidance independently reduce airway inflammation, only BUD/FORM therapy in conjunction with allergen avoidance can effectively reverse airway remodeling and bronchial hyperreactivity induced by chronic allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Fundamental physical properties, such as the intrinsic recoil of the lung, are governed by the extracellular matrix. The prototypical roles of the matrix proteins, collagen and elastin, in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema have long been recognized, and much research effort has been devoted to understanding mechanisms of extracellular matrix synthesis and turnover in the lung. Yet, despite extensive knowledge of the biochemical properties of collagen and elastin, none of the present clinical strategies for treating COPD directly target the extracellular matrix. From a matrix perspective, therapeutic interventions that limit elastic fiber destruction and/or restore function to damaged alveolar units merit particular consideration as clinical strategies for treating the emphysema component of COPD. Effective treatment of the bronchiolar component of COPD requires a better understanding of the relationship between airway fibrosis and airflow obstruction. Translating basic knowledge of extracellular matrix biology into the clinical venue will be essential in the development of new approaches to COPD treatment.
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Mauad T, Bel EH, Sterk PJ. Asthma therapy and airway remodeling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:997-1009; quiz 1010-1. [PMID: 17681364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by variable degrees of chronic inflammation and structural alterations in the airways. The most prominent abnormalities include epithelial denudation, goblet cell metaplasia, subepithelial thickening, increased airway smooth muscle mass, bronchial gland enlargement, angiogenesis, and alterations in extracellular matrix components, involving large and small airways. Chronic inflammation is thought to initiate and perpetuate cycles of tissue injury and repair in asthma, although remodeling may also occur in parallel with inflammation. In the absence of definite evidence on how different remodeling features affect lung function in asthma, the working hypothesis should be that structural alterations can lead to the development of persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and fixed airway obstruction. It is still unanswered whether and when to begin treating patients with asthma to prevent or reverse deleterious remodeling, which components of remodeling to target, and how to monitor remodeling. Consequently, efforts are being made to understand better the effects of conventional anti-inflammatory therapies, such as glucocorticosteroids, on airway structural changes. Animal models, in vitro studies, and some clinical studies have advanced present knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in airway remodeling. This has encouraged the development of biologicals aimed to target various components of airway remodeling. Progress in this area requires the explicit linking of modern structure-function analysis with innovative biopharmaceutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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de Burbure C, Pignatti P, Corradi M, Malerba M, Clippe A, Dumont X, Moscato G, Mutti A, Bernard A. Uteroglobin-Related Protein 1 and Clara Cell Protein in Induced Sputum of Patients With Asthma and Rhinitis. Chest 2007; 131:172-9. [PMID: 17218572 DOI: 10.1378/chest.06-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Uteroglobin-related protein 1 (UGRP1) and Clara cell protein (CC16), members of the secretoglobin family, increasingly appear to play a role in airway inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE To explore levels of UGRP1 and CC16 in induced sputum of patients with asthma and rhinitis. METHODS Induced-sputum samples of patients with asthma or rhinitis (n = 32 each; atopic asthma, n = 24; atopic rhinitis, n = 20) and from 19 nonsmoking nonatopic control subjects were analyzed for cytology and levels of UGRP1, CC16, and albumin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sputum UGRP1 increased in both asthma and rhinitis, most strikingly so in asthma, in which changes were most significant in atopic individuals. By contrast, sputum CC16 did not change significantly in either condition, although it was positively correlated with UGRP1 in patients and control subjects. Changes in sputum UGRP1 in atopic asthma were not linked to permeability changes reflected by increased albumin levels but correlated positively with sputum macrophages and negatively with eosinophils. The observed differences in UGRP1 and CC16 may be linked to different cell populations being responsible for their secretion; UGRP1 is mainly secreted in larger conducting airways, whereas CC16 is mainly secreted by the nasal and peripheral airways epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The increase in UGRP1 but not of CC16 in asthma and rhinitis suggests that UGRP1 may play a role in these inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de Burbure
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, bte 3054, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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