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Sharma V, Wood KN, Weaver B, Mazmanian D, Thomson M. Occurrence of postpartum manic or mixed episodes in women with bipolar I disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:240-248. [PMID: 38258551 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate information on the frequency and prevalence of manic or mixed episodes is important for therapeutic, prognostic, and safety concerns. We aimed to estimate the risk of relapse of manic and mixed episodes after delivery in women with bipolar I disorder or schizoaffective disorder-bipolar type. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane databases was carried out on November 17, 2022, using the terms ((bipolar disorder) OR (manic depressive illness)) AND (mania)) AND (postpartum)) AND (recurrence)) AND (relapse). The search was updated on March 29, 2023. Case studies and qualitative analyses were excluded. Twelve studies reporting on 3595 deliveries in 2183 women were included in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS The overall pooled estimate of postpartum relapse risk was 39% (95% CI = 29, 49; Q(11) = 211.08, p < 0.001; I2 = 96.31%). Among those who had a relapse, the pooled estimate of risk for manic and mixed episodes was 38% (95% CI = 28, 50; Q(11) = 101.17, p < 0.001; I2 = 91.06%). Using data from the nine studies that reported the percentage of medication use during pregnancy, we estimated a meta-regression model with the percent medication use as a continuous explanatory variable. The estimated prevalence of relapse was 58.1% (95% CI, 9.6 to 39.3 to 76.8) for studies with no medication use and 25.9% (95% CI, 10.5-41.3) for studies with 100% medication use. The difference between the two prevalence estimates was statistically significant, z = -2.099, p = 0.0359. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an overall pooled estimate of postpartum relapse risk of 39%, while the pooled estimate of risk for manic and mixed episodes was 38%. These findings highlight the need to educate patients with bipolar I disorder, and their healthcare professionals about the high risk of relapse of manic or mixed episodes after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verinder Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Mental Health, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn N Wood
- Parkwood Institute Mental Health, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Weaver
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwight Mazmanian
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Thomson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute Mental Health, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
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Postpartum Relapse in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143979. [PMID: 35887743 PMCID: PMC9319395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and postpartum are vital times of greater vulnerability to suffer a decompensation of bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on public electronic medical databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported postpartum relapse in patients diagnosed with BD according to Diagnosis Statistical Manual (DSM) or International Classification Disease (ICD) criteria. Results: Sixteen articles describing 6064 deliveries of 3977 women were included in the quantitative analyses. The overall risk of postpartum relapse was 36.77%. The methodology of the studies, the diagnostic criteria, the discrimination between BD type I and II, and the origin of the sample were very heterogeneous. Conclusions: the rate of postpartum bipolar relapse is very high, as it is considered to be a critical period. It is especially important to detect decompensation in this period and to evaluate mood-stabilizing treatment, given the high risk of relapse concentrated in a short period.
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Koukopoulos AE, Angeletti G, Sani G, Janiri D, Manfredi G, Kotzalidis GD, De Chiara L. Perinatal Mixed Affective State: Wherefore Art Thou? Psychiatr Clin North Am 2020; 43:113-126. [PMID: 32008678 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mixed states in patients with a perinatal mood episode is seldom encountered. Lack of appropriate assessment tools could be partly responsible for this observation. The authors conducted a selective review of studies dealing with the reporting of mixed symptoms in women during the perinatal period with the intention to quantify the phenomenon. In many instances of reported postpartum depression, either a first onset or an onset in the context of bipolar disorder, mixed states were identifiable. However, the strict application of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, mixed features specifier to these episodes risks misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Emilia Koukopoulos
- SPDC, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rome, Italy; Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Gloria Angeletti
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy; NESMOS Department, Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy; NESMOS Department, Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy; NESMOS Department, Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy; NESMOS Department, Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia De Chiara
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, UOC di Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa 1035, CAP 00189, Rome 00185, Italy; NESMOS Department, Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Vladimirova R, Stoyanova V, Milanova V. Bipolar affective disorder, pregnancy and childbirth: clinical characteristics and heredity. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1208539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rositsa Vladimirova
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital UMBAL “Aleksandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vessela Stoyanova
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital UMBAL “Aleksandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital UMBAL “Aleksandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Colom F, Vieta E, Suppes T. Predominant polarity in bipolar disorders: refining or redefining diagnosis? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:324-6. [PMID: 26367266 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Colom
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - T Suppes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, Alda M, O'Donovan C, Macqueen G, McIntyre RS, Sharma V, Ravindran A, Young LT, Milev R, Bond DJ, Frey BN, Goldstein BI, Lafer B, Birmaher B, Ha K, Nolen WA, Berk M. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:1-44. [PMID: 23237061 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments published guidelines for the management of bipolar disorder in 2005, with updates in 2007 and 2009. This third update, in conjunction with the International Society for Bipolar Disorders, reviews new evidence and is designed to be used in conjunction with the previous publications.The recommendations for the management of acute mania remain largely unchanged. Lithium, valproate, and several atypical antipsychotic agents continue to be first-line treatments for acute mania. Monotherapy with asenapine, paliperidone extended release (ER), and divalproex ER, as well as adjunctive asenapine, have been added as first-line options.For the management of bipolar depression, lithium, lamotrigine, and quetiapine monotherapy, as well as olanzapine plus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and lithium or divalproex plus SSRI/bupropion remain first-line options. Lurasidone monotherapy and the combination of lurasidone or lamotrigine plus lithium or divalproex have been added as a second-line options. Ziprasidone alone or as adjunctive therapy, and adjunctive levetiracetam have been added as not-recommended options for the treatment of bipolar depression. Lithium, lamotrigine, valproate, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone long-acting injection, and adjunctive ziprasidone continue to be first-line options for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Asenapine alone or as adjunctive therapy have been added as third-line options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Azorin JM, Angst J, Gamma A, Bowden CL, Perugi G, Vieta E, Young A. Identifying features of bipolarity in patients with first-episode postpartum depression: findings from the international BRIDGE study. J Affect Disord 2012; 136:710-5. [PMID: 22044629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess rates of bipolar spectrum disorders in women experiencing their first episode of postpartum depression, and to find out features indicative of bipolarity in these patients. METHODS As part of the international BRIDGE study designed to detect hypo/mania in patients with a major depressive episode, 52 (5.85%) were found to experience a first episode of postpartum (FEPP) depression, whereas 833 (94.13%) had a first episode of nonpostpartum (FENPP) depression. Hypo/mania was assessed using varying definitions of bipolarity, and the two groups compared on sociodemographic, family history and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Compared to FENPP depressive patients, women with FEPP depression had higher rates of bipolar disorders, with more hypo/mania in first degree relatives. Psychotic symptoms, atypical features, mixed depression, younger age at onset, high number of prior episodes, episodes of short duration, switches on antidepressants, seasonality of mood episodes as well as mood episodes with free intervals were found to be more frequent in FEPP depressives. LIMITATIONS The following are the limitations of this study: centres not randomly selected, recall bias, cross-sectional design, and limited training of participating psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms, in women experiencing a first depressive episode, high rates (15 to 50%) of bipolar disorders during the postpartum period and is the first to systematically assess and demonstrate the higher prevalence of identifying features of bipolarity in FEPP versus FENPP depression. Early recognition of bipolarity in these patients may help prevent the harmful consequences of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Azorin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France.
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