1
|
Levin RY, Liu RT. Post-traumatic stress disorder in a national sample of preadolescent children 9 to 10 years old: Prevalence, correlates, clinical sequelae, and treatment utilization. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:152. [PMID: 38503761 PMCID: PMC10951365 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well characterized in adults, its epidemiology in children is unclear. The current study provides the first population-based examination of the prevalence of PTSD, sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates, clinical sequelae, and associations with psychiatric treatment in preadolescents 9-10 years old in the United States. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 5.0) was analyzed. Participants (unweighted n = 11,875) were recruited from 21 sites across the United States. Current and lifetime PTSD prevalence were estimated, as was treatment use among children with PTSD. Sociodemographic, psychiatric correlates and sequelae of PTSD were analyzed using logistic regression, as was the association between PTSD and psychiatric treatment. After the application of propensity weights, lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.17%. Sexual minority status, being multiracial, having unmarried parents, and family economic insecurity were associated with greater odds of PTSD. Among psychiatric disorders, separation anxiety was most strongly associated with PTSD, although general comorbid psychopathology was associated with greater odds of PTSD. Prior history of PTSD predicted a new onset of other psychiatric disorders after PTSD remission. Nearly one in three children with lifetime PTSD did not receive psychiatric treatment, despite negative long-term outcomes of PTSD and significant psychiatric comorbidity. Even among preadolescents who experience full remission of PTSD, a significant risk for future psychiatric illness remains. Further, the current findings underscore the need for improved efforts to reduce unmet treatment needs among those with PTSD at this age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y Levin
- University of Rochester, Department of Psychology, Rochester, NY, 14611, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Richard T Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levin R, Liu R. Post-traumatic stress disorder in a national sample of preadolescent children: Prevalence, correlates, clinical sequelae, and treatment utilization. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3303568. [PMID: 38014240 PMCID: PMC10680942 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3303568/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well characterized in adults, its epidemiology in children is unclear. The current study provides the first population-based examination of the prevalence of PTSD, sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates, clinical sequelae, and associations with psychiatric treatment in preadolescents in the United States. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 5.0) was analyzed. Participants (unweighted n = 11, 875) were recruited from 21 sites across the United States. Current and lifetime PTSD prevalence were estimated, as was treatment use among children with PTSD. Sociodemographic, psychiatric correlates and sequelae of PTSD were analyzed using logistic regression, as was the association between PTSD and psychiatric treatment. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.17%. Sexual minority status, being multiracial, having unmarried parents, and family economic insecurity were associated with greater odds of PTSD. Among psychiatric disorders, separation anxiety was most strongly associated with PTSD, although general comorbid psychopathology was associated with greater odds of PTSD. Prior history of PTSD predicted new onset of other psychiatric disorders after PTSD remission. Nearly one in three children with lifetime PTSD did not receive psychiatric treatment, despite negative long-term outcomes of PTSD and significant psychiatric comorbidity. Even among preadolescents who experience full remission of PTSD, significant risk for future psychiatric illness remains. Further, the current findings underscore the need for improved efforts to reduce unmet treatment needs among those with PTSD at this age.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang Y, Yang L. Sex Differences in Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Network among Chinese Young Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:846. [PMID: 37887496 PMCID: PMC10604758 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that sex differences commonly occur in trauma-related disorders. The current study aims to explore sex differences in complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptom networks among Chinese young adults with childhood trauma. The current study utilized a representative sample of college students in Beijing and included 1416 participants (409 men and 907 women) who had childhood trauma experience. CPTSD symptoms were evaluated using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Regularized partial correlation network analysis and Bayesian network analysis were used to estimate the network structure and possible causality of CPTSD symptoms for both sexes. Male and female CPTSD symptom networks had differences in strength centrality and bridge centrality. Nightmares and feelings of failure had the highest strength centrality, and long-term upset and nightmares had the highest bridge centrality for men. Hypervigilance and feelings of failure had the highest strength centrality, and long-term upset and exaggerated startle response had the highest bridge centrality for women. The current study provides the first evidence of sex differences in the CPTSD symptom network among Chinese young adults with childhood trauma. Young men and women differed in highly central symptoms, which may speak to sex specificity in the main manifestations of CPTSD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan T, Li X, Liu H, Guo LL, Li JL, Xu G, Li X, Sun L, Wang C, Yang L, Zhang D, Hua Y, Lei Y, Zhang L. Community trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in Chinese children and adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1151631. [PMID: 37867778 PMCID: PMC10587585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have shown the association between traumatic events occurring in childhood and adolescence and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A gap remains in the literature on the epidemiology and influencing factors of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in communities in northern China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of traumatic events and PTSD in communities in northern China, to explore the types of stressful traumatic events and the impact of these traumatic events on children and adolescents, and to investigate the effect of sociodemographic factors on PTSD. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 6,027 students (7-17 years old) from 6 cities in Liaoning Province, China. The sample consisted of 2,853 males (47.34%) and 3,174 females (52.66%). The Essen Trauma-Inventory for Children and Adolescents (ETI-CA) Scale was used. The ETI-CA has 5 sections, which include type of traumatic events, worst traumatic event, post-traumatic symptoms, onset, duration, burden of PTSD, and present difficulties in different areas of life. PTSD symptoms were assessed with 23 items in Part 3 of the ETI-CA. Results We found that 2,068 (34.3%) of 6,027 participants experienced trauma events and 686 (33.2%) of 2,068 reported PTSD. Among trauma-exposed youth (2,068), the sudden death of close relatives (33.9%), serious accidents (20.9%), and parental divorce (15.5%) were reported as the worst traumatic events. Studies have shown that after exposure to stressful life events, more than 30% of people feel nervous or upset (39.8%), scared (33.4%), helpless (32.6%), and about 10% have headaches (15.5%), rapid heartbeat (13.3%), and dizziness (11.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that students in middle school [OR = 1.29 (1.016, 1.637)], not a student leader [OR = 0.738 (0.618, 0.881)], and their parents in single marital status significantly predicted higher PTSD prevalence the remarried [OR = 0.474 (0.252, 0.893)], married [OR = 0.42 (0.227, 0.778)]. Conclusion The present study suggests the government to train psychological counselors in schools and communities to provide emotional and psychological support, as well as the school leaders and parents to elevate adolescents' psychological suzhi. Particularly, counseling and professional support should be given to those students whose parents are single.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Gerontology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei-lei Guo
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-long Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry in Hebei Province, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Rehabilitation Nursing, School of Nursing, Wanna Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Efendi GY, Temeltürk RD, Çakmak IB, Dinçer M. Surviving the Immediate Aftermath of a Disaster: A Preliminary Investigation of Adolescents' Acute Stress Reactions and Mental Health Needs after the 2023 Turkey Earthquakes. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1485. [PMID: 37761446 PMCID: PMC10527644 DOI: 10.3390/children10091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
On 6 February, southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria were struck by two powerful earthquakes, one measuring a magnitude of 7.8 and the other, nine hours later, at a magnitude of 7.5. These earthquakes have been recorded as some of the deadliest natural disasters worldwide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake, impacting around 14 million people in Turkey. For trauma survivors, the stressors associated with an event can lead to the development of acute stress disorder (ASD) or other psychiatric disorders. Trauma experiences during adolescence can impact development and affect adolescents differently than adults. Although ASD in adults has been addressed in several studies, there is much less information available about how younger populations respond to acute stress. The aim of our study was to assess the occurrence of ASD among individuals seeking help at the Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Research and Training Hospital Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic following the 2023 Turkey Earthquakes and the factors associated with acute stress reactions. A child and adolescent psychiatry specialist conducted psychiatric interviews with the adolescents, and the individuals were also asked to complete 'The National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale' (NSESSS) to evaluate acute stress symptoms. ASD diagnoses were established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Results showed that 81.6% of the participants (n = 49) were diagnosed with ASD, and drug treatment was initiated in 61.7% of the cases (n = 37). It was determined that ASD rates did not differ according to gender, and patients without physical injury had higher acute stress symptom scores (p > 0.05). According to the logistic regression models, paternal educational levels and adolescents' own requests for psychiatric assistance were predictors of acute stress disorder (OR 10.1, β = 2.31, p = 0.006 and OR 16.9, 95 β = 2.83, p = 0.001, respectively). Our findings revealed striking results in demonstrating the need for careful evaluation of adolescents without physical injury in terms of acute stress disorder and the need to pay close attention to the psychiatric complaints of adolescents willing to seek mental health assistance. Moreover, our study suggests that the proportion of adolescents experiencing acute stress symptoms after earthquakes might be higher than previously reported. Estimation of the incidence rate and symptoms of psychiatric distress in the short-term period following a disaster is important for establishing disaster epidemiology and implementing efficient relief efforts in the early stages. The outcomes of this study have the potential to yield novel insights into the realms of disaster mental health and emergency response policies, as well as their pragmatic implementations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Yağmur Efendi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa 63500, Türkiye;
| | - Rahime Duygu Temeltürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Türkiye;
| | | | - Mustafa Dinçer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa 63500, Türkiye;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Cheng P, Liu Z, Ma C, Liu B, Zheng W, Scarisbrick D, Lu J, Li L, Huang Y, Wang L, Yan Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yan J, Yu Y, Xu X, Wang Z, Xu Y, Li T, Xu G, Xu X, Xue M, Li G, Jia F, Shi J, Zhang N, Du X, Sang H, Zhang C, Liu B. Post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic events in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional epidemiological study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115282. [PMID: 37290364 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most severe sequelae of trauma. But a nationally representative epidemiological data for PTSD and trauma events (TEs) was unavailable in China. This article firstly demonstrated detailed epidemiological information on PTSD, TEs, and related comorbidities in the national-wide community-based mental health survey in China. A total of 9,378 participants completed the PTSD-related interview of the CIDI 3.0. Lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of PTSD in total respondents were 0.3% and 0.2%. while the conditional lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure were 1.8% and 1.1%. The prevalence of exposure to any type of TE was 17.2%. Among individuals with the exposed to TEs, younger, without regular work (being a homemaker or retried), and intimate relationship breakdown (separated/Widowed/Divorced), living rurally were associated with either the lifetime PTSD or the 12-month PTSD, while the count of a specific TE, the unexpected death of loved one, was related to both. Alcohol dependence was the most common comorbidity among male participants with PTSD but major depressive disorder (MDD) for female counterparts. Our study can provide a reliable reference for future identification and intervention for people with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wanhong Zheng
- West Virginia University Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Dave Scarisbrick
- West Virginia University Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Department of Neuroscience 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongping Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- The Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Meihua Xue
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214151, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fujun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfei Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinbai Du
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Sixth Hospital, Changchun 130052, Jilin, China
| | - Congpei Zhang
- Harbin First Specialized Hospital, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Li J, Zhang W, Wang G, Qu Z. Effectiveness of a school-based, lay counselor-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese children with posttraumatic stress symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 33:100699. [PMID: 36785644 PMCID: PMC9918421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Improving children's access to mental health services need more innovative solutions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. School-based psychosocial interventions delivered by lay counselors may be an efficient way to improve children's access to mental health services. But few studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in a group format delivered by lay counselors to children with trauma-related symptoms in China. Methods A total of 234 children (aged 9-12 years) with full or subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to group-based TF-CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). In the intervention group, 118 children received 10-12 sessions of group-based TF-CBT delivered by lay counselors for 9 consecutive weeks. In the TAU group, 116 children received the usual school services provided by psychology teachers. The primary outcome was the reduction in PTSD severity, which was assessed with the UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5). The secondary outcomes included the reduction in PTSD severity and the remission of PTSD, both of which were measured with the PTSD checklist-5 (PCL-5). Secondary outcomes also included the reduction in depression severity and the reduction in generalized anxiety severity. Blinded assessments were collected at baseline, posttreatment (primary endpoint), and 3-month follow-up. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900027131. Findings At posttreatment, the intervention group scored significantly lower than the TAU group on PTSD-RI-5 PTSD (30.98 vs. 39.22; adjusted mean difference [AMD], -7.35; 95% CI, -11.66 to -3.04), PCL-5 PTSD (28.78 vs. 38.04; AMD, -8.49; 95% CI, -13.23 to -3.75), depression (5.52 vs. 7.96; AMD, -1.63; 95% CI, -2.50 to -0.76), and generalized anxiety (7.23 vs. 8.64; AMD, -1.21; 95% CI, -2.20 to -0.23). The remission of PCL-5 PTSD was also significantly higher in the intervention group (42.86% vs. 13.54%, χ 2 = 13.10, P < 0.001). These two groups showed a similar level of symptoms at the 3-month follow-up. Interpretation The group-based TF-CBT can significantly alleviate PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety right after treatment in Chinese children who suffer from different types of trauma. But the long-term effects of this intervention need to be further tested. This intervention can be delivered by trained lay counselors in low- and middle-income countries. Funding None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Gengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhiyong Qu
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China,Corresponding author. Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, 19, Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fei G, Li X, Yang Y, Wei P, Stallones L, Xiang H, Zhang X. Unintentional injuries and risk behaviours of internal migrant children in southern China: A cross-sectional study. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:1858-1868. [PMID: 34529290 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of unintentional injuries and to identify factors mediating the risk of unintentional injuries among internal migrant children in southern China using self-reported data collected between April 2016 and March 2017. Logistic regression models were used to identify significant risk factors for unintentional injuries among the internal migrant children. The prevalence of self-reported unintentional injuries among internal migrant children in this study was 19.15%. Internal migrant children exhibiting antisocial (antisocial behaviour vs. no behaviour problems, OR = 2.162, 95% CI: 1.194-3.915, p = .011) and neurotic behaviours (neurotic behaviour vs. no behaviour problems, OR = 2.064, 95% CI: 1.098-3.880, p = .024) were more likely to report unintentional injuries. There was a positive correlation between the number of risk behaviours and the prevalence of unintentional injuries among non-migrant and internal migrant children. Children's behavioural problems were closely related to unintentional injuries and may be useful as predictors of unintentional injuries in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqiang Fei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Henry Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy and Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xujun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Institute, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang C, Wang G, Zhou J, Chen Z. The Influencing Legal and Factors of Migrant Children's Educational Integration Based on Convolutional Neural Network. Front Psychol 2022; 12:762416. [PMID: 35082718 PMCID: PMC8784919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.762416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the influencing factors of migrant children's education integration based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. The attention mechanism, LSTM, and GRU are introduced based on the CNN algorithm, to establish an ALGCNN model for text classification. Film and television review data set (MR), Stanford sentiment data set (SST), and news opinion data set (MPQA) are used to analyze the classification accuracy, loss value, Hamming loss (HL), precision (Pre), recall (Re), and micro-F1 (F1) of the ALGCNN model. Then, on the big data platform, data in the Comprehensive Management System of Floating Population and Rental Housing, Student Status Information Management System, and Student Information Management System of Beijing city are taken as samples. The ALGCNN model is used to classify and compare related data. It is found that in the MR, STT, and MPQA data sets, the classification accuracy and loss value of the ALGCNN model are better than other algorithms. HL is the lowest (15.2 ± 1.38%), the Pre is second only to the BERT algorithm, and the Re and F1 are both higher than other algorithms. From 2015 to 2019, the number of migrant children in different grades of elementary school shows a gradual increase. Among migrant children, the number of migrant children from other counties in this province is evidently higher than the number of migrant children from other provinces. Among children of migrant workers, the number of immigrants from other counties in this province is also notably higher than the number of immigrants from other provinces. With the gradual increase in the years, the proportion of township-level expenses shows a gradual decrease, whereas the proportion of district and county-level expenses shows a gradual increase. Moreover, the accuracy of the ALGCNN model in migrant children and local children data classification is 98.6 and 98.9%, respectively. The proportion of migrant children in the first and second grades of a primary school in Beijing city is obviously higher than that of local children (p < 0.05). The average final score of local children was greatly higher than that of migrant children (p < 0.05), whereas the scores of migrant children's listening methods, learning skills, and learning environment adaptability are lower, which shows that an effective text classification model (ALGCNN) is established based on the CNN algorithm. In short, the children's education costs, listening methods, learning skills, and learning environment adaptability are the main factors affecting migrant children's educational integration, and this work provides a reference for the analysis of migrant children's educational integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School of Marxism, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Marxism, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Marxism, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren Q, Jiang S. Acculturation Stress, Satisfaction, and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Mental Health of Chinese Migrant Children: Perspective from Basic Psychological Needs Theory. IJERPH 2021; 18:4751. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Acculturation stress is prevalent among migrant populations. The current study examines whether acculturation stress influences migrant children’s mental health through the mediators of the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. A sample of 484 migrant children is obtained in Kunming, China using a multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data are analyzed through structural equation modeling in Mplus 8.0. Results indicate that acculturation stress has a direct impact on children’s depression but no significant direct effect on children’s happiness. Acculturation stress also has indirect effects on depression and happiness via the mediators of need satisfaction and frustration. Acculturation stress is negatively associated with need satisfaction and positively associated with need frustration, which is further significantly predictive of children’s happiness and depression. Overall, this study validates the basic psychological needs theory in the context of China’s internal migration. Findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between acculturation stress and psychological outcomes and provide practical implications for future interventions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren Q, Jiang S. Acculturation Stress, Satisfaction, and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Mental Health of Chinese Migrant Children: Perspective from Basic Psychological Needs Theory. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4751. [PMID: 33946882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation stress is prevalent among migrant populations. The current study examines whether acculturation stress influences migrant children’s mental health through the mediators of the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. A sample of 484 migrant children is obtained in Kunming, China using a multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data are analyzed through structural equation modeling in Mplus 8.0. Results indicate that acculturation stress has a direct impact on children’s depression but no significant direct effect on children’s happiness. Acculturation stress also has indirect effects on depression and happiness via the mediators of need satisfaction and frustration. Acculturation stress is negatively associated with need satisfaction and positively associated with need frustration, which is further significantly predictive of children’s happiness and depression. Overall, this study validates the basic psychological needs theory in the context of China’s internal migration. Findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between acculturation stress and psychological outcomes and provide practical implications for future interventions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Wang W, Hu W, Yuan Z, Zhou R, Zhang W, Qu Z. Validation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in Chinese children as per the ICD-11 proposals using the International trauma questionnaire. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1888525. [PMID: 33796232 PMCID: PMC7968872 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1888525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given that the validity of applying complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in nonclinical children remains unclear. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore the factor structure, discriminant validity, and risk factors of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Methods: A total of 3478 trauma-exposed Chinese children aged 9-12 years were included in this study. All participants were assessed for PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to explore the factor structure of CPTSD in a sample of Chinese children. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to evaluate the discriminant validity of CPTSD symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analyses determined associations between the different classes and traumatic events. Results: The CFA results showed that the first-order six-factor model was identified as the best-fitting model in Chinese children aged 9-12 years. Four different classes, CPTSD symptoms, PTSD symptoms, disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms, and a low symptom class were found by LCA. Both prolonged interpersonal trauma and other types of trauma were risk factors for the CPTSD class and the PTSD class. Conclusions: The results of this study partially support the factorial validity and strongly support the discriminant validity of the ICD-11 proposals for PTSD and CPTSD in Chinese children, supporting the conceptualization of PTSD and CPTSD as sibling diagnoses based on the ICD-11. However, findings suggest the need for careful consideration of identified trauma types in the ICD-11 proposals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Li
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Wei Hu
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Ziyue Yuan
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Ruifu Zhou
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Zhiyong Qu
- Center for Behavioral Health & School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang Y, Li F, Zhou Y, Liu Z. Evolution of the network pattern of posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents exposed to a disaster. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 77:102330. [PMID: 33137592 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing network approach analyses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have enhanced the knowledge of PTSD symptomatology. This study aims to explore changes in network patterns of PTSD symptoms among youth survivors following the Zhouqu debris flow through a network approach. A two-year longitudinal study was conducted to follow 1460 children and adolescents at 3, 15, and 27 months after the disaster. Symptoms with high centrality varied at different time points. Sleep problems and nightmares exhibited high centrality at 3 months, and their centrality decreased over time, while the centrality of physiological cue reactivity and flashbacks increased over time and reached a high level at 27 months. The global connectivity of the network was stronger at 27 months than at 3 and 15 months. These findings provide novel insights into youths' PTSD symptom evolution. Temporal differences in PTSD symptoms merit more attention from researchers. Different core symptoms in acute and chronic PTSD structures should be treated as targets at different stages following trauma in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang Y, Zhou Y, Ruzek JI, Liu Z. Patterns of childhood trauma and psychopathology among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant children. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 108:104691. [PMID: 32854057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to childhood trauma can cause psychopathology and negative psychosocial outcomes across the lifespan. Rural-to-urban migrant children are commonly exposed to traumatic experiences (TEs). However, no study has comprehensively examined patterns of childhood trauma in Chinese culture. The current study aimed to examine patterns of childhood trauma exposure among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant children. METHODS A large-scale (N = 15,890) cross-sectional survey of rural-to-urban migrant workers' children in grades 4 to 9 was conducted in Beijing. Childhood TEs, including accidents and injuries, interpersonal violence, and vicarious trauma, as well as demographics and internalizing and externalizing behaviors, were measured. RESULTS Four patterns of childhood trauma were found: low trauma exposure (60.4%), vicarious trauma exposure (23.9%), domestic violence exposure (10.5%), and multiple trauma exposure (5.3%). Age, gender, parents' marital status, father's education level, family support and peer support differentiated the four TE patterns. Both internalizing and externalizing behaviors were more severe in patterns with more types of TEs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a better understanding of childhood trauma in Chinese culture and the relationship between TEs and mental health. Clinicians and policy makers should tailor prevention and treatment programs according to different patterns of victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Josef I Ruzek
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eli B, Zhou Y, Liang Y, Fu L, Zheng H, Liu Z. A profile analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among Chinese Shidu parents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1766770. [PMID: 33029310 PMCID: PMC7472999 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1766770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the one-child policy implemented in China, most families have only one child. When parents experience the death of their only child, these parents receive the label 'Shidu parents'. Shidu is a major public health issue in China. However, the patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms that are present in this population remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify profiles of PTSD and depressive symptoms among Shidu parents and to explore the predictors of profile membership. METHODS A total of 363 participants (M age = 61.5 years, SD = 7.5) were asked to complete questionnaires assessing PTSD, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and demographic information. Latent profile analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were used. RESULTS Three distinct profiles were identified: low (39.4%), moderate (32.8%), and high symptoms (27.8%). Parents who were younger and perceived lower levels of support from family and significant others were more likely to experience higher levels of PTSD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms tightly cohere, providing evidence for the co-occurrence of PTSD and depressive symptoms after bereavement. The findings provide valuable information for the development of tailored professional interventions for bereaved parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buzohre Eli
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|