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Mavroeides G, Basta M, Vgontzas A, Karademas EC, Simos P, Koutra K. Prospective Associations Between Personality Traits and Major Depressive Disorder Symptom Severity: The Mediating Role of Illness Representations. Psychiatr Q 2024:10.1007/s11126-024-10074-x. [PMID: 38874738 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients' personality traits and illness representations are linked to MDD severity. However, the associations between personality and illness representations in MDD and the mediating role of illness representations between personality and MDD severity have not been investigated. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the aforementioned associations and the possible mediating role of illness representations between personality and MDD severity. One hundred twenty-five patients with a MDD diagnosis, aged 48.18 ± 13.92 (84% females), participated in the study. Personality traits were measured with the Traits Personality Questionnaire at baseline. Illness representations were measured with the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Mental Health about five months later (mean = 5.08 ± 1.14 months). MDD severity was measured about 10 months after the baseline assessment (mean = 9.53 ± 2.36 months) with the Beck Depression Inventory. SPSS 29 and AMOS 27 were used to conduct correlational and parallel mediation analyses. According to the results, Neuroticism was positively and Extraversion was negatively linked to MDD severity. Negative MDD impact representations fully mediated these associations. Neuroticism and Extraversion are linked to future MDD severity through patients' representations of MDD's impact. Restructuring maladaptive representations about MDD's impact can be a promising way to reduce symptom severity in patients with high Neuroticism and low Extraversion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Mavroeides
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Mobile Mental Health Unit, Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos C Karademas
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece
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Tobe RH, Tu L, Keefe JR, Breland MM, Ely BA, Sital M, Richard JT, Tural U, Iosifescu DV, Gabbay V. Personality characteristics, not clinical symptoms, are associated with anhedonia in a community sample: A preliminary investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:221-229. [PMID: 37922596 PMCID: PMC11334051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a salient transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom associated with increased illness severity and chronicity. Anhedonia is also present to varying degrees in non-clinical cohorts. Here, we sought to examine factors influencing expression of anhedonia. Participants (N = 335) were recruited through the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample, an initiative to deeply phenotype a large community sample across the lifespan. Utilizing a data-driven approach, we evaluated associations between anhedonia severity, indexed by Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and 20 physical, developmental, and clinical measures, including Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3), BMI, Hemoglobin A1C, and demography. Using a bootstrapped AIC-based backward selection algorithm, seven variables were retained in the final model: NEO-FFI-3 agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience; BMI; sex; ethnicity; and race. Though median SHAPS scores were greater in participants with psychiatric diagnoses (18.5) than those without (17.0) (U = 12238.5, z = 2.473, p = 0.013), diagnosis and symptom measures were not retained as significant predictors in the final robust linear model. Participants scoring higher on agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience reported significantly lower anhedonia. These results demonstrate personality as a mild-to-moderate but significant driver of differences in experiencing pleasure in a community sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Tobe
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Lucia Tu
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - John R Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Melissa M Breland
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Melissa Sital
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Jasmin T Richard
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Umit Tural
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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Henriques-Calado J. Personality traits and disorders in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2938. [PMID: 36919197 PMCID: PMC10097140 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between axis II personality disorders and the normative personality traits were explored in the context of current and pre-morbid personality assessment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The study was conducted with four groups who were administered the NEO-FFI and the PDQ-4+, in the form of individual interview sessions. Current personality measure: consisting of 44 female participants (AD group) and, the control group, consisting of 80 female participants from the population at large. Pre-morbid personality measure: AD group informants (n = 40); control group informants (n = 42). RESULTS The results are in line with the literature review and provide new research data. By factorial discriminant analysis, the current and pre-morbid personality variables that differentiate AD from control groups are identified. The personality traits variables are the best discriminators such as low agreeableness, low openness to experience, and high neuroticism, suggesting that the maladaptive personality functioning can be described extending the range of psychopathology to a dimensional approach. CONCLUSIONS The study of personality variables seems to suggest, in their inclusion, the possibility to increase sensitivity toward an assessment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Henriques-Calado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal.,CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sobregrau P, Peri JM, Sánchez del Valle R, Molinuevo JL, Barra B, Pintor L. Psychiatric and Psychosocial Characteristics of a Cohort of Spanish Individuals Attending Genetic Counseling Due to Risk for Genetically Conditioned Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:461-478. [PMID: 36186729 PMCID: PMC9484134 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Predictive genetic tests are presently effective over several medical conditions, increasing the demand among patients and healthy individuals. Considering the psychological burden suspected familial dementia may carry on individuals, assessing personality, coping strategies, and mental health could aid clinicians in findings the appropriate time for delivering genetic test results and predict compliance regarding genetic counseling and expectations towards the genetic condition depending on the outcome. Objective: To describe the psychiatric, psychological, and coping characteristics of a sample of Spanish individuals at risk of familial dementia before genetic test results were given. Methods: We included 54 first degree relatives of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, lobar frontotemporal degeneration, or prion diseases. The NEO-FFI-R, COPE, and HADS tests evaluated personality, coping strategies, and psychological distress, respectively. Results: Anxiety and depression were below the cut-off point for mild severity. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were the most preponderant personality factors, while Neuroticism was the least. Positive reinterpretation and Acceptance were the most frequent coping strategies, and Denial and Alcohol and drug use were the least used. Ongoing medical pathologies increased depression, while psychiatric disorders worsened psychological distress. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, PICOGEN candidates showed psychological distress and personality traits within normative ranges, and the use of problem-focused coping strategies prevailed over avoidance coping strategies. Nevertheless, clinicians should pay particular attention to individuals attending genetic counseling who are women, aged, and present an ongoing psychiatric disorder and psychiatric history at inclusion to ensure their mental health and adherence throughout the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sobregrau
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Peri
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez del Valle
- Neurology Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Barra
- Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Servicio de Salud Mental, Santiago, Chile
- Psychiatric Department, School of Medicine, Andrés Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luís Pintor
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Benitah K, Siegel AN, Lipsitz O, Rodrigues NB, Meshkat S, Lee Y, Mansur RB, Nasri F, Lui LMW, McIntyre RS, Rosenblat JD. Sex differences in ketamine's therapeutic effects for mood disorders: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114579. [PMID: 35504148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Replicated clinical trials have demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects with ketamine in treatment resistant mood disorders. Sex (biological) and gender differences in therapeutic effects for any new intervention is an important consideration, however, the differential efficacy, safety and tolerability of ketamine in males versus females remains underexplored. The objective of the present systematic review is to identify and qualitatively synthesize all published clinical studies relevant to the sex differential effects of ketamine for mood disorders. A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo from inception until January 20, 2021, yielded 27 reports including 1715 patients (742 males and 973 females) that met inclusion criteria. Results from the vast majority of studies (88.8%) do not support significant sex differences in antidepressant response, tolerability or safety of ketamine. Nine (33.3%) of the reports included a bioanalytical component in the analysis and only one reported on sex differences. Evidence from the present review does not support clinically or statistically significant sex differences in therapeutic effects with ketamine. Nevertheless, future studies should continue to consider sex and biological sex differences in study design and data analytic plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Benitah
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley N Siegel
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Zhou M, Huang D, Ren F, Fan W, Mu W, Li F, Zhang J, Cheung FM. Short Forms of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory: Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance Across Gender. Front Psychol 2021; 12:709032. [PMID: 34975610 PMCID: PMC8715738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Filling out long questionnaires can be frustrating, unpleasant, and discouraging for respondents to continue. This is why shorter forms of long instruments are preferred, especially when they have comparable reliability and validity. In present study, two short forms of the Cross-cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-2) were developed and validated. The items of the short forms were all selected from the 28 personality scales of the CPAI-2 based on the norm sample. Based on some priori criteria, we obtained the appropriate items and constructed the 56-item Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) and the 28-item CPAI. Then, we examined the factor structure of both short forms with Exploratory SEM (ESEM) and replicated the four-factor structure of the original CPAI-2, reflecting the four personality domains of Chinese people, namely, Social Potency, Dependability, Accommodation, and Interpersonal Relatedness. Further analyses with ESEM models demonstrate full measurement invariance across gender for both short forms. The results show that females score lower than males on Social Potency. In addition, these four factors of both short forms have adequate internal consistency, and the correlation patterns of the four factors, the big five personality traits, and several health-related variables are extremely similar across the two short forms, reflecting adequate and comparable criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Overall, the short versions of CPAI-2 are psychometrically acceptable and have practically implications for measuring Chinese personality and cross-cultural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhou
- Cas Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Huang
- Department of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Duan Huang,
| | - Fen Ren
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiqiao Fan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Mu
- Cas Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fugui Li
- Cas Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Cas Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxin Zhang,
| | - Fanny M. Cheung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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Stressful life events and openness to experience: Relevance to depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:711-716. [PMID: 34517244 PMCID: PMC8551051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful life events are known as risk factors for depression, though there is considerable heterogeneity in how people respond to stress. Previous studies have found an association between experience of stressful life events and the personality trait of openness to experience, which itself has been associated with intelligence, creativity, risk-taking, and other clinically relevant behaviors. In this study we explore the association between stressful life events and openness to experience as a potential developmental pathway to depression in the Amish and Mennonites, rural populations with high degree of social and environmental homogeneity. METHODS Participants in the Amish Connectome Project (n=531) were assessed with the NEO personality inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Maryland Trait and State Depression scales, a Life Stressors Inventory, and cognitive tests. RESULTS We found that stressful life events were significantly associated with openness to experience; that participants with a history of depression exhibited higher levels of openness; and that openness to experience was related to overall intelligence but not processing speed or working memory. We found evidence that openness to experience partially mediates the relationship between stressful life events and depression. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, limiting interpretation of causal pathways. High levels of inter-relatedness among participants may have led to exaggerated effects compared to the general population. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings indicate a complex developmental influence of major stressful life events, which paradoxically by enhancing openness may be associated with both greater intellectual engagement as well as psychopathology.
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Evolutionary benefits of personality traits when facing workplace bullying. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Henriques-Calado J, Duarte-Silva ME. The predictive power of personality through psychopathology in Alzheimer's disease: a control study of self-report and baseline retrospective assessment. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 25:1144-1152. [PMID: 32101020 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1734218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a growing body of literature on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) personality changes, its relationships with personality disorders are still largely understudied. The relationships between the Five-Factor Model and the Axis II personality disorders were explored in the context of current and baseline personality in AD. The study was conducted with four groups who were administered the NEO-FFI and the PDQ-4+, mainly in interview sessions. Self-report measurement: AD Group, 40 female participants (M = 81.48 years); Control Group, 47 female participants from the population at large (M = 76.81 years). Baseline retrospective measurement: AD Group Informants (n = 40); Control Group Informants (n = 47). Three logistic regressions were computed. The baseline Neuroticism moderates the Neuroticism in the current clinical state. High Neuroticism, low Openness, high Cluster B, and baseline high Neuroticism, predicted the presence of AD diagnosis, accounting for 85% of the variance. In order to increase sensitivity towards an earlier diagnosis in AD, future empirically-based research should take into account an assessment set of structural personality variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Henriques-Calado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade , Lisboa, 1649-013, Portugal.,CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade , Lisboa, 1649-013, Portugal
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