1
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De Guzman S, Jiang YH, Dee V. Reliability and Validity Evidence for Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale Among Filipino Men: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. J Nurs Meas 2024; 32:165-173. [PMID: 37348880 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It is essential to address sexual health to ensure quality of life and sexual well-being; however, studies to measure sexual attitudes remain scarce. This study aimed to find reliability and validity evidence of the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among Filipino men. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Results: BSAS shows coefficient alpha of 0.90. CFA demonstrates goodness of fit (adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .82; goodness-of-fit index = .86; comparative fit index = .91; incremental fit index = .91; expected cross-validation index = 2.27; root mean square error of approximation = .08; [χ2 (213) = 927.45, p ≤ .001], χ2/df ratio = 4.35). Conclusions: BSAS is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess sexual attitudes among Filipino men. Further research is needed to evaluate sexual attitudes in the promotion of sexual health across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Hong Jiang
- School of Education, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Vivien Dee
- School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
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2
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Ojio Y, Shiozawa T, Gregorio ER, Leynes MC, Hernandez PMR, Estrada CAM, Fuyama T, Kobayashi J, Satake N. An international interdisciplinary approach to developing video educational materials promoting mental health literacy among adolescents in the Philippines. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38772864 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Adolescent mental ill-health is a common international challenge affecting both high- and lower-middle-income countries. The Republic of the Philippines enacted its first mental health law in 2019, underlining the importance of the promotion of adolescent mental health education in schools. In Japan, course instructions about mental ill-health were formulated in a Course of Study that reflects governmental curriculum guidelines. Embedded since 2022, the Course of Study aimed to promote an understanding of current issues of adolescent health. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Japan has been sharing experience of promoting public health practices and advancing medical technology in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the Western Pacific region. This paper describes the development process and content of these resources by an interdisciplinary team from Japan and the Philippines. METHODS The interdisciplinary team created an embedded mental health education programme using animated videos for the Philippine school curriculum to improve mental health literacy in adolescents. RESULTS Two six-minute animated videos of age-relevant stories were created. The animation scenarios illustrate: 1) mental health problems and recovery; and 2) major symptoms of mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Each animated video presents several items for discussion among students and/or teachers, both in class and online for students unable to attend school. CONCLUSION Our efforts may provide good opportunities for enhancing adolescents' mental health activities in the Philippines. In the following steps, we should investigate the effectiveness of school-based MHL using these animated videos with rigorous evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Ojio
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shiozawa
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Nursing Innovation Research Center (NIReC), Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ernesto R Gregorio
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Cynthia Leynes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul Michael R Hernandez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Taruto Fuyama
- Department of Animation, Graduate School of Film and New Media, Tokyo University of the Arts, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Satake
- Department of Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Chimwaza-Manda W, Kamndaya M, Chipeta EK, Sikweyiya Y. Sexual health knowledge acquisition processes among very young adolescent girls in rural Malawi: Implications for sexual and reproductive health programs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0276416. [PMID: 38394159 PMCID: PMC10889655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Early adolescence is a period characterized by enormous biological, cognitive, sexual, emotional, and social changes. Sexual curiosity and the desire to acquire sexual health (SH) information are part of these developments. Understanding the SH knowledge acquisition process is critical for designing interventions that can best support very young adolescents (VYAs). This study explored the SH knowledge acquisition processes among VYA girls aged 10 to 14 years who attended the DREAMs Girl Only Clubs (GOCs) and those who did not. The GOCs were a part of a larger comprehensive HIV prevention project called DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) which provided an evidence-based core package of interventions to VYAs to prevent HIV. In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 VYA girls aged 10-14 years in two rural southern districts of Zomba and Machinga in Malawi. Twenty-three VYA girls were GOC participants and 20 VYAs were not. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data with the assistance of Nvivo 12 software. The SH knowledge acquisition processes were the interaction of various factors at the microsystem (self-efficacy, attitudes, trust and the beginning of menstruation), mesosystem (communication of SH issues between VYAs and their immediate family and peers), and exosystem levels (availability of life skills programs and mother-groups in schools and availability of GOCs). Compared to Non-GOC participants, GOC participants demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of SH issues and positive sexual behaviors such as HIV testing. Limitations to SH knowledge acquisition were adult messages' focus on sexual relationship avoidance and on girls who have started menstruation; the perception of adults not being knowledgeable about SH and school teachers hiding some SH information. VYAs' SH interventions that provide VYAs with accurate, consistent, and age-appropriate SH information such as the GOCs have the potential to address the limitations that other sources have in reaching VYAs. Integrating such interventions with programs that empower parents, other adults, and teachers with comprehensive SH information and with skills on how to deliver SH information to VYAs can enhance VYAs' SH knowledge acquisition and influence positive behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanangwa Chimwaza-Manda
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mphatso Kamndaya
- School of Applied Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Khan AG, Tavrow P, Adamu F. Does girls' empowerment predict contraceptive intentions? Evidence from a survey of secondary school girls in Northwest Nigeria. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2146034. [PMID: 36876650 PMCID: PMC10013444 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2022.2146034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, women's empowerment has been linked to contraceptive use, but little is known about whether girls' empowerment affects contraceptive intentions, particularly in more traditional societies where early marriage and childbearing are common. Drawing on a survey of 240 secondary school students in Kebbi State, Northwest Nigeria, in September-November 2018, we examined whether dimensions of girls' empowerment (academic self-mastery, perceived career feasibility, progressive gender norms, and marriage autonomy) and family planning indicators (knowledge, desired family size) were associated with future intentions to use family planning. We found that half of the girls had no intention to use contraception, and only one-fourth intended to use contraception for both delaying/spacing and stopping pregnancies. Multivariate analysis revealed that one dimension of empowerment (perceived career feasibility) and family planning knowledge were significantly associated with intentions. These results suggest that girls perceive contraceptive use as risky, and require contraceptive knowledge and an anticipated career to overcome their trepidation. To increase girls' intentions to use contraceptives, it is vital that they receive comprehensive sexuality education and career counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angubeen G Khan
- PhD Student, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence:
| | - Paula Tavrow
- Adjunct Professor, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Adamu
- Executive Director, Nana Girls and Women Empowerment Initiative, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Susanto T, Gunawan J. Family structure and function in relation to adolescent reproductive health in developing countries: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Pract 2023; 29:e13004. [PMID: 34387006 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study purpose was to explore the relationships between family structure and function and adolescent reproductive health in the context of family systems in developing countries. BACKGROUND The structures and functions of family are important elements for adolescent reproductive health. However, few studies discuss their relationships with the reproductive health of adolescents. DESIGN This study employed a scoping review design. DATA SOURCES The search was conducted for literature published from 2010 until 2020 using the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Science Direct sourcing full-text papers in English. Original research papers that focused on family structures, family functions, and adolescent reproductive health were included. REVIEW METHODS Data extraction and analysis were completed on all retrieved studies. Content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Fifteen articles were included. The nature of the relationship between the family structures and functions on adolescent reproductive health were explained in the categories of (i) family process and life cycle, (ii) family norms and values, (iii) family communication patterns and processes, (iv) family roles and connectedness, and (v) family coaching and guidance. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that the relationships between family functions and structures and adolescent reproductive health were explained in multiple constructs. Further studies are needed to examine those constructs on reproductive health in adolescent in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantut Susanto
- Department of Community, Family & Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Joko Gunawan
- Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
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6
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Das U, Rout S. Are delay ages at marriage increasing? Pre-marital sexual relation among youth people in the place of residence in India. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36631806 PMCID: PMC9835306 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent sexual and reproductive health is a major public health issue throughout the world. At the same time shifting of marriage are undergoing discernible changes in country like India. This paper attempts to examine the effect of delay age at marriage on the risks of pre-marital sexual intercourse for the youth people in the place of residence. METHODS Data used in the present study is from various annual publications of Sample Registration System (SRS) and four round of National Family Health Survey, which was conducted in 2015-2016. The Kaplan-Meier life table technique and multivariate regression models are used to examine the premarital sex by the place of residence and marriage cohort. RESULTS Findings of the study indicate that the reasons underlying delayed marriage differs between blow 21 years age group and 22-30 years age group. Multinomial analysis clearly shows education, wealth quintile and mass media are major controlling factors of delayed age at marriage. Residing in urban adolescent women who belonged to better economic family background and exposed to mass media had a higher probability to experience premarital sexual intercourse than the rural adolescent in delay age group. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the restorative the empowerment of youth especially for women and health care provider should consider a multidimensional approach for higher education among youth people and safe sexual behaviour in pre-marital sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Das
- grid.444315.30000 0000 9013 5080P.G. Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha India
| | - Sasmita Rout
- grid.444315.30000 0000 9013 5080P.G. Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha India
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7
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Zou S, Cao W, Jia Y, Wang Z, Qi X, Shen J, Tang K. Sexual and reproductive health and attitudes towards sex of young adults in China. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 48:e13-e21. [PMID: 33504512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to discuss the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) and family sexual attitudes and investigate their association with sexual and reproductive health in a large sample of Chinese young adults. METHODS We analysed a large sample of 53 508 youth aged 15-24 years from an internet-based survey from November 2019 to February 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between SES, family sexual attitudes, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), stratified by sex and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Individuals with the highest expenditure were more likely to engage in early sexual intercourse (female: OR 4.19, 95% CI 3.00 to 5.87; male: OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.84 to 5.12). For both sexes, the likelihood of young adult sexual risk-taking such as first intercourse without using a condom, acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy was lower in those with higher maternal educational attainment, whereas it was higher in those with open family sexual attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES and open family attitudes toward sex had a significant association with a range of adverse young adulthood SRH outcomes. Public health policies should focus on more deprived populations and advocate suitable parental participation to reduce risky sexual behaviours in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zou
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhen Cao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Qi
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Shen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Manda WC, Pilgrim N, Kamndaya M, Mathur S, Sikweyiya Y. Girl-only clubs' influence on SRH knowledge, HIV risk reduction, and negative SRH outcomes among very young adolescent girls in rural Malawi. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:806. [PMID: 33906614 PMCID: PMC8077750 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adolescence is an important period to lay the foundation for positive sexual health development that can overcome sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges faced by very young adolescents (VYAs) as they reach puberty and sexual debut. In this study, we explored the following questions: first, what are the experiences of VYA girls on DREAMS' Go Girl club participation? Second, how does club participation influence the VYAs SRH knowledge to reduce their risk for HIV and negative sexual health outcomes? METHODS This was a qualitative study in which twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with VYA girls aged 12-14 years. These girls were enrolled in girl-only clubs in two rural southern districts in Malawi. The clubs were a part of larger comprehensive HIV prevention project called DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) which provided an evidence-based core package of interventions to VYAs to prevent HIV. Interventions included improved access to key health services, education support, social skills, asset building, and economic strengthening. Narrative inquiry was used to generate first-hand accounts of the girls' experiences with club participation. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the transcribed stories. RESULTS Six main themes were generated: 1) reasons for joining the clubs with desire to learn about SRH as a motivation for joining the clubs.; 2) influence on gender norms and roles whereby participants described a change of gender roles and norms at home; 3) influence on child abuse practices whereby participants reported a decline in child abusive practices at home;4) influence on life skills and social networks whereby participants described learning about networking; 5) support to go back to school whereby out-of-school girls described how economic empowerment of their guardians facilitated their return to school; and 6) influence of clubs on SRH knowledge acquisition and behaviours whereby participants described acquiring knowledge on sexual health issues. CONCLUSION Girls-only HIV and SRH programs coupled with economic empowerment for their families can be effective in keeping VYA girls in school and improving SRH knowledge and health seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanangwa Chimwaza Manda
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | | | - Mphatso Kamndaya
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Malawi-The Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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9
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Narasimhan S, Gipson JD. An application of Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis to improve models predicting contraceptive use in the Philippines. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:1-14. [PMID: 33818334 PMCID: PMC10061339 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amidst persistently high unintended pregnancy rates and lags in contraceptive use, novel methodological approaches may prove useful in investigating sexual and reproductive health outcomes in the Philippines. Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis (SACA) - a mixed-methods technique - was employed to examine predictors of women's lifetime contraceptive use. First, multivariable, longitudinal Poisson regression models predicted fertility and sexual debut using the 1998-2009 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Surveys (CLHNS), then regression outliers and normative cases were used to identify 48 participants for in-depth interviews (2013-2014) for further examination. Qualitative findings from 24 women highlighted 'control over life circumstances' was critical, prompting the addition of two items to the original quantitative models predicting any contraceptive use (n=532). Each of the items, 'what happens to [them] is their own doing' and '[I] do not [have] enough control over direction life is taking [me]', significantly and independently predicted any contraceptive use (aOR: 2.37 (CI: 1.24-4.55) and aOR: 0.46 (CI: 0.28-0.77), respectively). The findings demonstrate the utility of SACA to improve the understanding and measurement of sexual and reproductive health outcomes and underscore the importance of integrating psychosocial constructs into existing models of fertility and reproductive behaviour in the Philippines to improve sexual and reproductive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subasri Narasimhan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Research in the Southeast, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica D. Gipson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Gipson JD, Uysal J, Narasimhan S, Gultiano SC. Using Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis to Examine Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in the Philippines. Stud Fam Plann 2020; 51:139-159. [PMID: 32459873 DOI: 10.1111/sifp.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Philippines is characterized by sustained economic growth and political stability, yet sexual and reproductive health indicators have stalled or even worsened in recent decades. We employed an innovative, mixed-methods approach-Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis-to gain insights into these worsening trends by examining sexual and reproductive decision-making among a cohort of young adults in Metro Cebu, Philippines. We first analyzed longitudinal data (1998-2009) to predict reproductive outcomes (i.e., age of first sex, number of living children) among participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey to identify cases (predicted and anomalous) with whom we subsequently conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews in 2013-14 (n = 48). Analysis of the qualitative data revealed unique social and contextual factors that shaped patterns of sexual and contraceptive decision-making across three, distinct reproductive life stages: (1) at first sex, (2) after the birth of first child, and (3) after the birth of several children. However, gendered roles and expectations exerted strong influences on sexual and reproductive outcomes across these life stages. Finally, we identified two constructs from our qualitative analysis-sexual fluidity and sexual agency-that deserve further examination and integration into theoretical and empirical models of sexual and reproductive decision-making.
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11
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Wiles M, Agustin S, Narasimhan S, Gipson JD. Reproductive consequences of unwanted sexual debut among young adult women from Metro Cebu, Philippines. Health Care Women Int 2018; 39:1-18. [PMID: 29667518 PMCID: PMC7430515 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1464574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The circumstances surrounding sexual debut influence subsequent sexual and reproductive outcomes. We analysed longitudinal data from 397 women who participated in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in Cebu, Philippines, to examine associations between unwanted first sex and number of pregnancies, unintended pregnancy, and use of modern contraception. 72% of women reported unwanted first sex. Women whose first sex was unwanted had increased odds of unintended pregnancy compared to women whose first sex was wanted (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3, 3.6). Nationally representative surveys should include culturally relevant questions about sexual debut to inform public health programmes aimed at improving sexual/reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wiles
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonny Agustin
- Office of Population Studies, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Subasri Narasimhan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica D. Gipson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Early life conditions, reproductive and sexuality-related life history outcomes among human males: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Gipson JD, Upchurch DM. Do the status and empowerment of mothers predict their daughters' reproductive outcomes? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:348. [PMID: 29143628 PMCID: PMC5688505 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased recognition of the important influences of women's status and empowerment on social and health outcomes for women and their families, there are few investigations that examine the extent to which any gains in women's empowerment may be transmitted intergenerationally, that is, between mothers and their daughters. METHODS This study seeks to address this gap by using data from a unique, longitudinal, and intergenerational dataset from Cebu, Philippines (1994-2009), to examine potential influences of the status of mothers on subsequent reproductive health outcomes among their daughters. Using data from 648 mother-daughter dyads, we examine a multidimensional set of women's status and empowerment measures among the mothers to predict three outcomes among their daughters: sexual onset by 2009 (ages 25-26), use of family planning, and experience of an unintended pregnancy. RESULTS We find that that while some of the mothers' characteristics and measures of empowerment and status were predictive of their daughters' sexual initiation, these effects were not consistent across empowerment indicators, nor were there significant effects on two of the outcomes: use of family planning or occurrence of an unintended pregnancy. Older mothers (45+ years in 1994) and mothers who were considered to be "well-kept", a locally defined measure of empowerment, were more likely to have daughters who had not engaged in sex by 2009 (ages 25-26). Daughters with higher educational levels were also more likely to delay sex, as compared to their peers. Among young women who had become sexually active, 54% reported an unintended pregnancy (mistimed or unwanted) by the age of 25-26, yet their mothers' empowerment and status were not predictive of daughters' reports of an unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that further research is needed to explore more proximal impacts on young women's reproductive behavior in this setting, given other related investigations on women's empowerment and its linkages to sexual debut and educational attainment in this setting. Findings from this examination of daughters' reproductive outcomes suggest that there are likely additional intervening mechanisms between onset on sexual activity and mistimed or unintended pregnancy that need further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Gipson
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 46-071, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
| | - Dawn M Upchurch
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CHS 46-071, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
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Sharmin Salam S, Alonge O, Islam MI, Hoque DME, Wadhwaniya S, Ul Baset MK, Mashreky SR, El Arifeen S. The Burden of Suicide in Rural Bangladesh: Magnitude and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091032. [PMID: 28891939 PMCID: PMC5615569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to quantify the burden and risk factors of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviors in rural Bangladesh. A census was carried out in seven sub-districts encompassing 1.16 million people. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at the household level. Descriptive analyses were done to quantify the burden and Poisson regression was run to determine on risk factors. The estimated rates of fatal and non-fatal suicide were 3.29 and 9.86 per 100,000 person years (PY) observed, respectively. The risk of suicide was significantly higher by 6.31 times among 15-17 and 4.04 times among 18-24 olds compared to 25-64 years old. Married adolescents were 22 times more likely to commit suicide compared to never-married people. Compared to Chandpur/Comilla district, the risk of suicide was significantly higher in Narshingdi. Students had significantly lower risk of non-fatal suicidal behavior compared to skilled laborers. The risk of non-fatal suicidal behavior was lower in Sherpur compared to Chandpur/Comilla. Among adolescents, unskilled laborers were 16 times more likely to attempt suicide than students. The common methods for fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviors were hanging and poisoning. Suicide is a major public health problem in Bangladesh that needs to be addressed with targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumona Sharmin Salam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Olakunle Alonge
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA 21205, USA.
| | - Md Irteja Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Dewan Md Emdadul Hoque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Shirin Wadhwaniya
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA 21205, USA.
| | - Md Kamran Ul Baset
- Center for Injury Prevention and Research, House # B-162, Road # 23, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | - Saidur Rahman Mashreky
- Center for Injury Prevention and Research, House # B-162, Road # 23, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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15
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Speizer IS, Guilkey D, Calhoun LM, Corroon M, O'Hara R. Examination of youth sexual and reproductive health transitions in Nigeria and Kenya using longitudinal data. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:142. [PMID: 28143467 PMCID: PMC5282773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adolescent (ages 15–19) and young adult (ages 20–24) years are a crucial time as many sexual and reproductive health (SRH) transitions take place in these years. The study of youth SRH transitions in sub-Saharan Africa is limited due to a paucity of longitudinal data needed to examine the timing and circumstances of these transitions. Methods This paper uses recently collected longitudinal data from select urban areas in Kenya and Nigeria that include a large youth sample at baseline (2010/2011) and endline (2014). We control for unobserved heterogeneity in our modelling approach to correct for selectivity issues that are often ignored in similar types of analyses. Results We demonstrate that the transition patterns (i.e., sexual initiation, first marriage, and first pregnancy/birth) differ within and across the urban areas and countries studied. Urban Kenyan youth have more premarital sex and pregnancy than youth from the Nigerian cities. Further analyses demonstrate that more educated and wealthier youth transition later than their less educated and poorer counterparts. Conclusions The findings from this study can be used to inform programs seeking to serve young people based on their varying reproductive health needs in different contexts over the adolescent and young adult years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene S Speizer
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David Guilkey
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa M Calhoun
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Corroon
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rick O'Hara
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Abstract
Partnership and fertility patterns of young Filipinos have changed dramatically from previous generations, with a widening gap between sexual initiation and marriage, and concurrent increases in teenage pregnancy and unwanted fertility. Further understanding of young adults' social contexts and partnership patterns are needed to inform reproductive health programmes and policies affecting young Filipinos. Multivariate Poisson regression models were conducted with longitudinal and inter-generational data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (1998-2009) to examine the predictors of young women's fertility. Age at first sex, and number and duration of partnerships each independently and significantly predicted women's fertility by 2009 after controlling for contextual influences. Young women with more conservative attitudes towards dating, sex and marriage, and who perceived their mothers to have more conservative attitudes, had higher fertility than their peers, as did young women with mothers who reported more adolescent sexual behaviours. In contrast, fertility was lower among daughters who had higher levels of communication with their mothers. Given high levels of unintended fertility and teenage pregnancy in the Philippines, the findings indicate that the interval between sexual initiation and first and subsequent partnerships may be ideal intervention points for reproductive health services for young Filipinos.
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17
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Gettler LT, McDade TW, Bragg JM, Feranil AB, Kuzawa CW. Developmental energetics, sibling death, and parental instability as predictors of maturational tempo and life history scheduling in males from Cebu, Philippines. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:175-184. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee T. Gettler
- Department of Anthropology; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN 46556
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
| | - Jared M. Bragg
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
| | - Alan B. Feranil
- USC Office of Population Studies Foundation and Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, College of Arts and Sciences; University of San Carlos; Talamban Cebu City Philippines
| | - Christopher W. Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208
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