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Amin J, Paquet C, Baker A, Asuni AA, Love S, Holmes C, Hugon J, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Effect of amyloid-β (Aβ) immunization on hyperphosphorylated tau: a potential role for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 41:445-57. [PMID: 25486988 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Active amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) induces removal of Aβ and phosphorylated tau (ptau). Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is a kinase, responsible for phosphorylation of tau, activation of which can be induced by phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (pPKR). Using a post-mortem cohort of immunized AD cases, we investigated the effect of Aβ immunization on GSK-3β expression and pPKR. METHODS We immunostained 11 immunized AD cases and 28 unimmunized AD cases for active, inactive and total GSK-3β, and for pPKR. Quantification of protein load was performed in the hippocampal region including CA1, subiculum and entorhinal cortex. RESULTS All three areas showed a significant decrease in the three forms of GSK-3β (P < 0.05) and a nonsignificant trend towards lower pPKR load in the immunized AD cases compared with the unimmunized AD cases. CONCLUSION The lower GSK-3β expression generated by Aβ immunotherapy shows evidence of a modification of the signalling pathway induced by GSK-3β leading to the overall reduction of tau, supporting the contention that in humans, GSK-3β unifies Aβ and tau-related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Amin
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.,Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Paquet
- INSERM, U942, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 942, Paris, France.,Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche Paris Nord Ile de France, AP-HP, Hopital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Alex Baker
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ayodeji A Asuni
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.,Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jacques Hugon
- INSERM, U942, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 942, Paris, France.,Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche Paris Nord Ile de France, AP-HP, Hopital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
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