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Guo Q, Li T, Qu Y, Liang M, Ha Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q. New research development on trans fatty acids in food: Biological effects, analytical methods, formation mechanism, and mitigating measures. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101199. [PMID: 36402189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The trans fatty acids (TFAs) in food are mainly generated from the ruminant animals (meat and milk) and processed oil or oil products. Excessive intake of TFAs (>1% of total energy intake) caused more than 500,000 deaths from coronary heart disease and increased heart disease risk by 21% and mortality by 28% around the world annually, which will be eliminated in industrially-produced trans fat from the global food supply by 2023. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological effects, analytical methods, formation and mitigation measures of TFAs in food. Especially, the research progress on the rapid, easy-to-use, and newly validated analytical methods, new formation mechanism, kinetics, possible mitigation mechanism, and new or improved mitigation measures are highlighted. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development, which will contribute to the advances in TFAs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Manzhu Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yiming Ha
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
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GC Analysis of Seven Seed Oils Containing Conjugated Fatty Acids. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions, including isomer compositions, of seven seed oils containing conjugated fatty acids (CFA) were determined. Seed oils were extracted using a modified Folch extraction, converted to fatty acid methyl esters, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. The MS detector was operated in positive-ion chemical ionization mode using methane reagent gas. GC was performed using two columns providing different retention characteristics: a poly(ethylene glycol) column and a more polar biscyanopropyl column. The complimentary information provided by the two columns was crucial to peak identification in several cases. The major CFA species in the samples are well known but all contained lesser amounts of additional CFA that have not been widely reported. All samples contained multiple species of conjugated linolenic acid, and two samples also contained small amounts of conjugated linoleic acid. The seed oils of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Calendula officinalis were found to contain 8c,10t,12t-18:3, the natural occurrence of which has only been recently reported in some other samples. The seed oil of Impatiens balsamina has been reported to contain four conjugated 18:4 species, and we present evidence for a fifth conjugated 18:4 isomer.
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3
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Shao L, Song H, Li X, Huang J, Jin Q, Wang X. Correlations between transisomers of α‐linolenic acid and polar components in linseed oil during heating. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linya Shao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Huiyu Song
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xu Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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Kepceoğlu A, Gündoğdu Y, Ledingham KWD, Kilic HS. Real-Time Distinguishing of the Xylene Isomers Using Photoionization and Dissociation Mass Spectra Obtained by Femtosecond Laser Mass Spectrometry (FLMS). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1647227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kepceoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gündoğdu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kenneth William David Ledingham
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Hamdi Sukur Kilic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Directorate of High Technology Research and Application Centre, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Directorate of Laser Induced Proton Therapy Research and Application Centre, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Narreddula VR, Boase NR, Ailuri R, Marshall DL, Poad BL, Kelso MJ, Trevitt AJ, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Introduction of a Fixed-Charge, Photolabile Derivative for Enhanced Structural Elucidation of Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9901-9909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara R. Narreddula
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Nathan R. Boase
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ailuri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David L. Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Berwyck L.J. Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kelso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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6
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS. Distinguishing Cis and Trans Isomers in Intact Complex Lipids Using Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7307-7315. [PMID: 28613874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a mass spectrometry-based method for the identification of cis and trans double-bond isomers within intact complex lipid mixtures using electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) mass spectrometry. EIEIO involves irradiating singly charged lipid ions with electrons having kinetic energies of 5-16 eV. The resulting EIEIO spectra can be used to discern cis and trans double-bond isomers by virtue of the differences in the fragmentation patterns at the carbon-carbon single bonds neighboring the double bonds. For trans double bonds, these characteristic fragments include unique closed-shell and open-shell (radical) products. To explain this fragmentation pattern in trans double bonds, we have proposed a reaction mechanism involving excitation of the double bond's π electrons followed by hydrogen atom rearrangement. Several lipid standards were analyzed using the EIEIO method, including mixtures of these standards. Prior to EIEIO, some of the lipid species in these mixtures were separated from their isomeric forms by using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). For example, mixed cis and trans forms of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines were identified by this DMS-EIEIO workflow. With this combined gas-phase separation and subsequent fragmentation, we could eliminate the need for authentic standards for identification. When DMS could not separate cis and trans isomers completely, as was the case with sphingomyelins, we relied upon the aforementioned diagnostic EIEIO fragment peaks to determine the relative contribution of the trans double-bond isomer in the mixed samples. We also applied the DMS-EIEIO methodology to natural samples extracted from a ruminant (bovine), which serve as common origins of trans fatty acids in a typical Western diet that includes dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- SCIEX , 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul R S Baker
- SCIEX , 1201 Radio Road, Redwood Shores, California 64065, United States
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Li P, Jackson GP. Charge transfer dissociation of phosphocholines: gas-phase ion/ion reactions between helium cations and phospholipid cations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:271-282. [PMID: 28258643 PMCID: PMC5444994 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid cations formed by electrospray ionization were subjected to excitation and fragmentation by a beam of 6 keV helium cations in a process termed charge transfer dissociation (CTD). The resulting fragmentation pattern in CTD is different from that of conventional collision-induced dissociation, but analogous to that of metastable atom-activated dissociation and electron-induced dissociation. Like collision-induced dissociation, CTD yields product ions indicative of acyl chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation in the fatty acyl moieties but also provides additional structural diagnostic information, such as double bond position. Although CTD has not been tested on a larger lipid sample pool, the extent of structural information obtained demonstrates that CTD is a useful tool for lipid structure characterization, and a potentially useful tool in future lipidomics workflows. CTD is relatively unique in that it can produce a relatively strong series of 2+ product ions with enhanced abundance at the double bond position. The generally low signal-to-noise ratios and spectral complexity of CTD make it less appealing than OzID or other radical-induced methods for the lipids studies here, but improvements in CTD efficiency could make CTD more appealing in the future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Glen P. Jackson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA
- corresponding author: t: +01 (304) 293-9236,
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Hejazi L, Guilhaus M, Hibbert DB, Ebrahimi D. Gas chromatography with parallel hard and soft ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:91-99. [PMID: 25462368 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometric identification of compounds in chromatography can be obtained from molecular masses from soft ionization mass spectrometry techniques such as field ionization (FI) and fragmentation patterns from hard ionization techniques such as electron ionization (EI). Simultaneous detection by EI and FI mass spectrometry allows alignment of the different information from each method. METHODS We report the construction and characteristics of a combined instrument consisting of a gas chromatograph and two parallel mass spectrometry ionization sources, EI and FI. When considering both ion yield and signal-to-noise it was postulated that good-quality EI and FI mass spectra could be obtained simultaneously using a post-column splitter with a split fraction of 1:10 for EI/FI. This has been realised and we report its application for the analysis of several complex mixtures. RESULTS The differences between the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the EI and FI chromatograms were statistically insignificant, and the retention times of the chromatograms were highly correlated (r(2) =0.9999) with no detectable bias. The applicability and significance of this combined instrument and the attendant methodology are illustrated by the analysis of standard samples of 13 compounds with diverse structures, and the analysis of mixtures of fatty acids, fish oil, hydrocarbons and yeast metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This combined dual-source instrument saves time and resources, and more importantly generates equivalent chromatograms aligned in time, in EI and FI (i.e. peaks with similar shapes and identical positions). The identical FWHMs and retention times of the EI and FI chromatograms in this combined instrument enable the accurate assignment of fragment ions from EI to their corresponding molecular ions in FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hejazi
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Butler M, Cabrera GM. A mass spectrometry-based method for differentiation of positional isomers of monosubstituted pyrazine N-oxides using metal ion complexes. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:136-144. [PMID: 25601685 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 11 pairs of substituted pyrazine N-oxides, differing in the substituent position, were examined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to use spectra to assess the differentiation of positional isomers. For each compound, mass spectra were recorded with three different metal cations, namely calcium (II), copper (II) and aluminum (III), with characterization of the observed peaks. Differentiation between regioisomeric N-oxides has been achieved by comparison of the identity and relative intensities of the peaks originating from the adduct ions formed with the metal ions. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been employed to assist in the interpretation of the results obtained with each metal ion, exploring possible trends according to the nature and position of the substituent in the pyrazine N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Butler
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, UMyMFOR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 3° piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Melchiorre M, Sansone A, Torreggiani A. Lipid geometrical isomerism: from chemistry to biology and diagnostics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:255-84. [PMID: 24050531 DOI: 10.1021/cr4002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Tang C, Cao D, Zeng Y, Tan B, Zeng M, Fan W, Xiao H, Liang Y. Strategies for structure elucidation of small molecules using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric data. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Pham HT, Trevitt AJ, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Rapid differentiation of isomeric lipids by photodissociation mass spectrometry of fatty acid derivatives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:805-15. [PMID: 23495027 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Both traditional electron ionization and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry have demonstrated limitations in the unambiguous identification of fatty acids. In the former case, high electron energies lead to extensive dissociation of the radical cations from which little specific structural information can be obtained. In the latter, conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) of even-electron ions provides little intra-chain fragmentation and thus few structural diagnostics. New approaches that harness the desirable features of both methods, namely radical-driven dissociation with discrete energy deposition, are thus required. METHODS Herein we describe the derivatization of a structurally diverse suite of fatty acids as 4-iodobenzyl esters (FAIBE). Electrospray ionization of these derivatives in the presence of sodium acetate yields abundant [M + Na](+) ions that can be mass-selected and subjected to laser irradiation (λ = 266 nm) on a modified linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Photodissociation (PD) of the FAIBE derivatives yields abundant radical cations by loss of atomic iodine and in several cases selective dissociation of activated carbon-carbon bonds (e.g., at allylic positions) are also observed. Subsequent CID of the [M + Na - I](•+) radical cations yields radical-directed dissociation (RDD) mass spectra that reveal extensive carbon-carbon bond dissociation without scrambling of molecular information. CONCLUSIONS Both PD and RDD spectra obtained from derivatized fatty acids provide a wealth of structural information including the position(s) of unsaturation, chain-branching and hydroxylation. The structural information obtained by this approach, in particular the ability to rapidly differentiate isomeric lipids, represents a useful addition to the lipidomics tool box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong T Pham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Pham HT, Ly T, Trevitt AJ, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Differentiation of Complex Lipid Isomers by Radical-Directed Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7525-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huong T. Pham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tony Ly
- ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Ferreri C, Grabovskiy SA, Aoun M, Melchiorre M, Kabal’nova N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Coudray C, Chatgilialoglu C. Trans Fatty Acids: Chemical Synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Isomers and Detection in Rats Fed a Deodorized Fish Oil Diet. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:687-94. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stanislav A. Grabovskiy
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Manar Aoun
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Michele Melchiorre
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Kabal’nova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
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Zhang JI, Tao WA, Cooks RG. Facile determination of double bond position in unsaturated fatty acids and esters by low temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4738-44. [PMID: 21539336 DOI: 10.1021/ac1030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids and esters can be oxidized in situ during ionization using a low temperature plasma (LTP) probe. The discharge generates ozone from air that reacts with and cleaves olefins. The molecular ions of the resulting acid/ester oxidation products are present in the full scan mass spectra and are confirmed by exact mass measurements. The fragmentation information can be used to assign double bond positions. We have successfully applied this strategy to a range of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters to assign their double bond locations. The procedure allows rapid and direct identification of double bond positions in situ at atmospheric pressure without sample preparation prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Microbial fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) mixtures from complex bacterial samples were directly analyzed by this method. Structural confirmation of their diagnostic ions by using exact mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry confirms double bond positions in unsaturated bacterial FAEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isabella Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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16
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Samokhin A, Revelsky I. Distinguishing by principal component analysis of o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene using electron ionization mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:477-480. [PMID: 22173540 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of distinguishing between o-, m-, p-xylene and ethylbenzene on the basis of only their 70 eV electron ionization (EI) mass spectra has been investigated. These four isomers were distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA) of respective EI mass spectra (recorded under identical conditions). Considered mass spectra contained either eleven or five m/z values, which had intensity greater than 5% or 10% of base peak, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Samokhin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Identification of the geometrical isomers of α-linolenic acid using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a binary decision tree. Talanta 2011; 83:1233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lou Q, Xu J, Wang Y, Xue C, Sun Z. [Analysis of fatty acid composition of Ulva pertusa Kjellm by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2010; 28:668-72. [PMID: 21046785 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was established to determine the fatty acids of Ulva pertusa Kjellm. The total lipids of Ulva pertusa Kjellm were extracted using Folch method, derivatized with HCl-CH3OH solution, and analyzed by GC/MS. The fragmentation patterns and mass spectrometry characteristics of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were analyzed and concluded by regular patterns of organic mass spectrometry. According to the database index and standard controls, twenty-four fatty acid components in Ulva pertusa Kjellm were identified, and the contents of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoic acid and 6,9,2,15-octadecatetraenoic acid accounted for 45.14% of the total fatty acids. The qualitative results of fatty acids in Ulva pertusa Kjellm show that it is very useful in identifying fatty acid methyl esters by characteristic ions, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoming Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Zhang L, Mjøs SA, Meier S, Kvalheim OM, Liang Y. The vector of calibration ratios: A simple transfer method for mass spectra. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5986-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blanksby SJ, Mitchell TW. Advances in mass spectrometry for lipidomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:433-65. [PMID: 20636050 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent expansion in research in the field of lipidomics has been driven by the development of new mass spectrometric tools and protocols for the identification and quantification of molecular lipids in complex matrices. Although there are similarities between the field of lipidomics and the allied field of mass spectrometry (e.g., proteomics), lipids present some unique advantages and challenges for mass spectrometric analysis. The application of electrospray ionization to crude lipid extracts without prior fractionation-the so-called shotgun approach-is one such example, as it has perhaps been more successfully applied in lipidomics than in any other discipline. Conversely, the diverse molecular structure of lipids means that collision-induced dissociation alone may be limited in providing unique descriptions of complex lipid structures, and the development of additional, complementary tools for ion activation and analysis is required to overcome these challenges. In this article, we discuss the state of the art in lipid mass spectrometry and highlight several areas in which current approaches are deficient and further innovation is required.
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