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Willems C, Curtis R, Pataky T, D’Août K. Plantar pressures in three types of indigenous footwear, commercial minimal shoes, and conventional Western shoes, compared to barefoot walking. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1825535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Willems
- Department of Design, KASK & Conservatorium, the School of Arts of HoGent and HoWest, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rory Curtis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Todd Pataky
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kristiaan D’Août
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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Xia Y, Li Y, Xun L, Yan Q, Zhang D. A convolutional neural network Cascade for plantar pressure images registration. Gait Posture 2019; 68:403-408. [PMID: 30594014 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar pressure image (PPI) recorded in high spatial and temporal resolution is very useful in clinical gait analysis. For functional analysis of PPI, image registration is often performed to maximally correlate source image with a template image. Previous methods estimate the registration parameters by iteratively optimizing different objective functions. These methods are often computational expensive to achieve satisfactory registration accuracy. RESEARCH QUESTION Can we develop a single PPI registration technique that performs more rapidly than previous methods, and that also maintains adequate PPI correspondence as defined by various (dis)similarity metrics? METHODS A cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed for the registration of PPIs. Our model was trained to learn a regression from the difference between the template and misaligned images to the registration parameters. The registration performance was evaluated by three different metrics, i.e. the mean squared error (MSE), the exclusive or (XOR), and the mutual information (MI). For comparison, four previous methods were also implemented. These included the principal axes (PA) method, the center of pressure trajectory (COP) method, the MSE method, and the XOR method. RESULTS Experimental results on a dataset with 71 PPI template-source pairs showed that the proposed CNN-based method could obtain comparable registration accuracy to the MSE and XOR method. With regards to the registration speed, registration durations (mean ± sd in seconds) per image pair were: MSE (30.584 ± 2.171), XOR (24.245 ± 1.596), PA (0.016 ± 0.003), COP (25.614 ± 0.341), and the proposed model (0.054 ± 0.007). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that the proposed registration approach can achieve high accuracy but less computational time. Thus, it is more practical to utilize our pre-trained CNN-based model to develop near-real time applications for plantar pressure images registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Lina Xun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Belvedere M, Bennett MR, Marty D, Budka M, Reynolds SC, Bakirov R. Stat-tracks and mediotypes: powerful tools for modern ichnology based on 3D models. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4247. [PMID: 29340246 PMCID: PMC5767334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate tracks are subject to a wide distribution of morphological types. A single trackmaker may be associated with a range of tracks reflecting individual pedal anatomy and behavioural kinematics mediated through substrate properties which may vary both in space and time. Accordingly, the same trackmaker can leave substantially different morphotypes something which must be considered in creating ichnotaxa. In modern practice this is often captured by the collection of a series of 3D track models. We introduce two concepts to help integrate these 3D models into ichnological analysis procedures. The mediotype is based on the idea of using statistically-generated three-dimensional track models (median or mean) of the type specimens to create a composite track to support formal recognition of a ichno type. A representative track (mean and/or median) is created from a set of individual reference tracks or from multiple examples from one or more trackways. In contrast, stat-tracks refer to other digitally generated tracks which may explore variance. For example, they are useful in: understanding the preservation variability of a given track sample; identifying characteristics or unusual track features; or simply as a quantitative comparison tool. Both concepts assist in making ichnotaxonomical interpretations and we argue that they should become part of the standard procedure when instituting new ichnotaxa. As three-dimensional models start to become a standard in publications on vertebrate ichnology, the mediotype and stat-track concepts have the potential to help guiding a revolution in the study of vertebrate ichnology and ichnotaxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Belvedere
- Section d'Archéologie et Paléontologie, Paléontologie A16, Office de la Culture, Porrentruy, Canton Jura, Switzerland
| | - Matthew R Bennett
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Marty
- Section d'Archéologie et Paléontologie, Paléontologie A16, Office de la Culture, Porrentruy, Canton Jura, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Budka
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Sally C Reynolds
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Rashid Bakirov
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Tecnology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
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Bennett MR, Reynolds SC, Morse SA, Budka M. Laetoli's lost tracks: 3D generated mean shape and missing footprints. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21916. [PMID: 26902912 PMCID: PMC4763286 DOI: 10.1038/srep21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Laetoli site (Tanzania) contains the oldest known hominin footprints, and their interpretation remains open to debate, despite over 35 years of research. The two hominin trackways present are parallel to one another, one of which is a composite formed by at least two individuals walking in single file. Most researchers have focused on the single, clearly discernible G1 trackway while the G2/3 trackway has been largely dismissed due to its composite nature. Here we report the use of a new technique that allows us to decouple the G2 and G3 tracks for the first time. In so doing we are able to quantify the mean footprint topology of the G3 trackway and render it useable for subsequent data analyses. By restoring the effectively 'lost' G3 track, we have doubled the available data on some of the rarest traces directly associated with our Pliocene ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bennett
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - S C Reynolds
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - S A Morse
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - M Budka
- Institute for Studies in Landscape and Human Evolution, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
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Morse SA, Bennett MR, Liutkus-Pierce C, Thackeray F, McClymont J, Savage R, Crompton RH. Holocene footprints in Namibia: The influence of substrate on footprint variability. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:265-79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita A. Morse
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- School of Applied Sciences; Bournemouth University; Fern Barrow BH12 5BB; UK
| | | | | | - Juliet McClymont
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Russell Savage
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Robin H. Crompton
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
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Bennett MR, Falkingham P, Morse SA, Bates K, Crompton RH. Preserving the impossible: conservation of soft-sediment hominin footprint sites and strategies for three-dimensional digital data capture. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60755. [PMID: 23613743 PMCID: PMC3629167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human footprints provide some of the most publically emotive and tangible evidence of our ancestors. To the scientific community they provide evidence of stature, presence, behaviour and in the case of early hominins potential evidence with respect to the evolution of gait. While rare in the geological record the number of footprint sites has increased in recent years along with the analytical tools available for their study. Many of these sites are at risk from rapid erosion, including the Ileret footprints in northern Kenya which are second only in age to those at Laetoli (Tanzania). Unlithified, soft-sediment footprint sites such these pose a significant geoconservation challenge. In the first part of this paper conservation and preservation options are explored leading to the conclusion that to ‘record and digitally rescue’ provides the only viable approach. Key to such strategies is the increasing availability of three-dimensional data capture either via optical laser scanning and/or digital photogrammetry. Within the discipline there is a developing schism between those that favour one approach over the other and a requirement from geoconservationists and the scientific community for some form of objective appraisal of these alternatives is necessary. Consequently in the second part of this paper we evaluate these alternative approaches and the role they can play in a ‘record and digitally rescue’ conservation strategy. Using modern footprint data, digital models created via optical laser scanning are compared to those generated by state-of-the-art photogrammetry. Both methods give comparable although subtly different results. This data is evaluated alongside a review of field deployment issues to provide guidance to the community with respect to the factors which need to be considered in digital conservation of human/hominin footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bennett
- School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom.
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Bates KT, Savage R, Pataky TC, Morse SA, Webster E, Falkingham PL, Ren L, Qian Z, Collins D, Bennett MR, McClymont J, Crompton RH. Does footprint depth correlate with foot motion and pressure? J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130009. [PMID: 23516064 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Footprints are the most direct source of evidence about locomotor biomechanics in extinct vertebrates. One of the principal suppositions underpinning biomechanical inferences is that footprint geometry correlates with dynamic foot pressure, which, in turn, is linked with overall limb motion of the trackmaker. In this study, we perform the first quantitative test of this long-standing assumption, using topological statistical analysis of plantar pressures and experimental and computer-simulated footprints. In computer-simulated footprints, the relative distribution of depth differed from the distribution of both peak and pressure impulse in all simulations. Analysis of footprint samples with common loading inputs and similar depths reveals that only shallow footprints lack significant topological differences between depth and pressure distributions. Topological comparison of plantar pressures and experimental beach footprints demonstrates that geometry is highly dependent on overall print depth; deeper footprints are characterized by greater relative forefoot, and particularly toe, depth than shallow footprints. The highlighted difference between 'shallow' and 'deep' footprints clearly emphasizes the need to understand variation in foot mechanics across different degrees of substrate compliance. Overall, our results indicate that extreme caution is required when applying the 'depth equals pressure' paradigm to hominin footprints, and by extension, those of other extant and extinct tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Bates
- Evolutionary Morphology and Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, , Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK.
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Wu W, Rigolo L, O'Donnell LJ, Norton I, Shriver S, Golby AJ. Visual pathway study using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging tractography to complement classic anatomy. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:145-56; discussion 156. [PMID: 21808220 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31822efcae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the individual course of the optic radiations (ORs) is important to avoid postoperative visual deficits. Cadaveric studies of the visual pathways are limited because it has not been possible to separate the OR from neighboring tracts accurately and results may not apply to individual patients. Diffusion tensor imaging studies may be able to demonstrate the relationships between the OR and neighboring fibers in vivo in individual subjects. OBJECTIVE To use diffusion tensor imaging tractography to study the OR and the Meyer loop (ML) anatomy in vivo. METHODS Ten healthy subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion imaging at 3 T. With the use of a fiducial-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography tool (Slicer 3.3), seeds were placed near the lateral geniculate nucleus to reconstruct individual visual pathways and neighboring tracts. Projections of the ORs onto 3-dimensional brain models were shown individually to quantify relationships to key landmarks. RESULTS Two patterns of visual pathways were found. The OR ran more commonly deep in the whole superior and middle temporal gyri and superior temporal sulcus. The OR was closely surrounded in all cases by an inferior longitudinal fascicle and a parieto/occipito/temporo-pontine fascicle. The mean left and right distances between the tip of the OR and temporal pole were 39.8 ± 3.8 and 40.6 ± 5.7 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION Diffusion tensor imaging tractography provides a practical complementary method to study the OR and the Meyer loop anatomy in vivo with reference to individual 3-dimensional brain anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Enhanced spatio-temporal alignment of plantar pressure image sequences using B-splines. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 51:267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Oliveira FP, Sousa A, Santos R, Tavares JMR. Towards an efficient and robust foot classification from pedobarographic images. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2012; 15:1181-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2011.581239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliveira FPM, Tavares JMRS. Registration of plantar pressure images. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2012; 28:589-603. [PMID: 25364840 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, five computational methodologies to register plantar pressure images are compared: (1) the first methodology is based on matching the external contours of the feet; (2) the second uses the phase correlation technique; (3) the third addresses the direct maximization of cross-correlation using the Fourier transform; (4) the fourth minimizes the sum of squared differences using the Fourier transform; and (5) the fifth methodology iteratively optimizes an intensity (dis)similarity measure based on Powell's method. The accuracy and robustness of the five methodologies were assessed by using images from three common plantar pressure acquisition devices: a Footscan system, an EMED system, and a light reflection system. Using the residual error as a measure of accuracy, all methodologies revealed to be very accurate even in the presence of noise. The most accurate was the methodology based on the iterative optimization, when the mean squared error was minimized. It achieved a residual error inferior to 0.01 mm and 0.6 mm for non-noisy and noisy images, respectively. On the other hand, the methodology based on image contour matching was the fastest, but its accuracy was the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco P M Oliveira
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial (INEGI), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP)
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of automated image registration methodologies that have been used in the medical field. The aim of this paper is to be an introduction to the field, provide knowledge on the work that has been developed and to be a suitable reference for those who are looking for registration methods for a specific application. The registration methodologies under review are classified into intensity or feature based. The main steps of these methodologies, the common geometric transformations, the similarity measures and accuracy assessment techniques are introduced and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco P M Oliveira
- a Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 , Porto , Portugal
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Pataky TC, Mu T, Bosch K, Rosenbaum D, Goulermas JY. Gait recognition: highly unique dynamic plantar pressure patterns among 104 individuals. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:790-800. [PMID: 21900318 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Everyone's walking style is unique, and it has been shown that both humans and computers are very good at recognizing known gait patterns. It is therefore unsurprising that dynamic foot pressure patterns, which indirectly reflect the accelerations of all body parts, are also unique, and that previous studies have achieved moderate-to-high classification rates (CRs) using foot pressure variables. However, these studies are limited by small sample sizes (n < 30), moderate CRs (CR ≃ 90%), or both. Here we show, using relatively simple image processing and feature extraction, that dynamic foot pressures can be used to identify n = 104 subjects with a CR of 99.6 per cent. Our key innovation was improved and automated spatial alignment which, by itself, improved CR to over 98 per cent, a finding that pointedly emphasizes inter-subject pressure pattern uniqueness. We also found that automated dimensionality reduction invariably improved CRs. As dynamic pressure data are immediately usable, with little or no pre-processing required, and as they may be collected discreetly during uninterrupted gait using in-floor systems, foot pressure-based identification appears to have wide potential for both the security and health industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Pataky
- Department of Bioengineering, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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Crompton RH, Pataky TC, Savage R, D'Août K, Bennett MR, Day MH, Bates K, Morse S, Sellers WI. Human-like external function of the foot, and fully upright gait, confirmed in the 3.66 million year old Laetoli hominin footprints by topographic statistics, experimental footprint-formation and computer simulation. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:707-19. [PMID: 21775326 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly held that the major functional features of the human foot (e.g. a functional longitudinal medial arch, lateral to medial force transfer and hallucal (big-toe) push-off) appear only in the last 2 Myr, but functional interpretations of footbones and footprints of early human ancestors (hominins) prior to 2 million years ago (Mya) remain contradictory. Pixel-wise topographical statistical analysis of Laetoli footprint morphology, compared with results from experimental studies of footprint formation; foot-pressure measurements in bipedalism of humans and non-human great apes; and computer simulation techniques, indicate that most of these functional features were already present, albeit less strongly expressed than in ourselves, in the maker of the Laetoli G-1 footprint trail, 3.66 Mya. This finding provides strong support to those previous studies which have interpreted the G-1 prints as generally modern in aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Crompton
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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Oliveira FPM, Sousa A, Santos R, Tavares JMRS. Spatio-temporal alignment of pedobarographic image sequences. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49:843-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-011-0771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliveira FP, Pataky TC, Tavares JMR. Registration of pedobarographic image data in the frequency domain. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2010; 13:731-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10255840903573020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Novel framework for registration of pedobarographic image data. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 49:313-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Palmar and Plantar Pressure While Walking on a Horizontal Ladder and Single Pole in Macaca fuscata. INT J PRIMATOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oliveira FP, Tavares JMR, Pataky TC. Rapid pedobarographic image registration based on contour curvature and optimization. J Biomech 2009; 42:2620-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Veerle S, Pataky T, De Clercq D. A comparison of barefoot walking and running: plantar pressure changes. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280902977350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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D’AoÛt K, Pataky T, De Clercq D, Aerts P. The effects of habitual footwear use: foot shape and function in native barefoot walkers†. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280903386411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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