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Abu-Dawud R, Graffmann N, Ferber S, Wruck W, Adjaye J. Pluripotent stem cells: induction and self-renewal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0213. [PMID: 29786549 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) lie at the heart of modern regenerative medicine due to their properties of unlimited self-renewal in vitro and their ability to differentiate into cell types representative of the three embryonic germ layers-mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm. The derivation of induced PSCs bypasses ethical concerns associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells and also enables personalized cell-based therapies. To exploit their regenerative potential, it is essential to have a firm understanding of the molecular processes associated with their induction from somatic cells. This understanding serves two purposes: first, to enable efficient, reliable and cost-effective production of excellent quality induced PSCs and, second, to enable the derivation of safe, good manufacturing practice-grade transplantable donor cells. Here, we review the reprogramming process of somatic cells into induced PSCs and associated mechanisms with emphasis on self-renewal, epigenetic control, mitochondrial bioenergetics, sub-states of pluripotency, naive ground state, naive and primed. A meta-analysis identified genes expressed exclusively in the inner cell mass and in the naive but not in the primed pluripotent state. We propose these as additional biomarkers defining naive PSCs.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abu-Dawud
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Graffmann
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Ferber
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Maintenance of an undifferentiated state of human-induced pluripotent stem cells through botulinum hemagglutinin-mediated regulation of cell behavior. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:744-751. [PMID: 30660482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Applications of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) culture are impaired by problems with long term maintenance of pluripotency. In this study, we report that exposure to botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), an E-cadherin function-blocking agent, suppressed deviation from an undifferentiated state in hiPSC colonies. Time-lapse imaging of live cells revealed that cells in central regions of colonies moved slowly and underwent a morphological change to a cobblestone-like shape via interaction between contacting cells, forming dense, multiple layers. Staining and migration analysis showed that actin stress fibers and paxillin spots were diminished in colony central regions, and this was associated with alteration of cellular morphology and migratory behavior. However, in culture with HA exposure, cells in the central and peripheral regions of hiPSC colonies were migratory and arranged in loose monolayers, resulting in relatively uniform dispersion of cells in colonies. We also found that a well-organized network of actin stress fibers was of significance in the central and peripheral regions of a colony, resulting in activation of paxillin and E-cadherin expression in hiPSCs. After routine application of HA for serial passages, hiPSCs remained pluripotent and capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. These observations indicate that relaxation of cell-cell junctions by HA induced rearrangements of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion in hiPSC colonies by promoting migratory behaviors. These results suggest that this simple and readily reproducible culture strategy is a potentially useful tool for improving the robust and scalable maintenance of undifferentiated hiPSC cultures.
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Dystrophin Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Management, Molecular Pathogenesis and Evolution towards Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090291. [PMID: 30235804 PMCID: PMC6162458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an X-linked neuromuscular disease that manifests as muscle atrophy and cardiomyopathy in young boys. However, a considerable percentage of carrier females are often diagnosed with cardiomyopathy at an advanced stage. Existing therapy is not disease-specific and has limited effect, thus many patients and symptomatic carrier females prematurely die due to heart failure. Early detection is one of the major challenges that muscular dystrophy patients, carrier females, family members and, research and medical teams face in the complex course of dystrophic cardiomyopathy management. Despite the widespread adoption of advanced imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, there is much scope for refining the diagnosis and treatment of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. This comprehensive review will focus on the pertinent clinical aspects of cardiac disease in muscular dystrophy while also providing a detailed consideration of the known and developing concepts in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy and forthcoming therapeutic options.
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Nath SC, Tokura T, Kim M, Kino‐oka M. Botulinum hemagglutinin‐mediated in situ break‐up of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregates for high‐density suspension culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:910-920. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman C. Nath
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Tokura
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
- Fujimori Kogyo Co. Ltd.ShinjukuTokyoJapan
| | - Mee‐Hae Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Masahiro Kino‐oka
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
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Nath SC, Horie M, Nagamori E, Kino-Oka M. Size- and time-dependent growth properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells in the culture of single aggregate. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:469-475. [PMID: 28601606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregate culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising method to obtain high number of cells for cell therapy applications. This study quantitatively evaluated the effects of initial cell number and culture time on the growth of hiPSCs in the culture of single aggregate. Small size aggregates ((1.1 ± 0.4) × 101-(2.8 ± 0.5) × 101 cells/aggregate) showed a lower growth rate in comparison to medium size aggregates ((8.8 ± 0.8) × 101-(6.8 ± 1.1) × 102 cells/aggregate) during early-stage of culture (24-72 h). However, when small size aggregates were cultured in conditioned medium, their growth rate increased significantly. On the other hand, large size aggregates ((1.1 ± 0.2) × 103-(3.5 ± 1.1) × 103 cells/aggregate) showed a lower growth rate and lower expression level of proliferation marker (ki-67) in the center region of aggregate in comparison to medium size aggregate during early-stage of culture. Medium size aggregates showed the highest growth rate during early-stage of culture. Furthermore, hiPSCs proliferation was dependent on culture time because the growth rate decreased significantly during late-stage of culture (72-120 h) at which point collagen type I accumulated on the periphery of aggregate, suggesting blockage of diffusive transport of nutrients, oxygen and metabolites into and out of the aggregates. Consideration of initial cell number and culture time are important to maintain balance between autocrine factors secretion and extracellular matrix accumulation on the aggregate periphery to achieve optimal growth of hiPSCs in the culture of single aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Nagamori
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Zhang T, Lin Y, Liu J, Zhang ZG, Fu W, Guo LY, Pan L, Kong X, Zhang MK, Lu YH, Huang ZR, Xie Q, Li WH, Xu XQ. Rbm24 Regulates Alternative Splicing Switch in Embryonic Stem Cell Cardiac Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1776-89. [PMID: 26990106 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transition of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency to differentiation is accompanied by an expansion of mRNA and proteomic diversity. Post-transcriptional regulation of ESCs is critically governed by cell type-specific splicing. However, little is known about the splicing factors and the molecular mechanisms directing ESC early lineage differentiation. Our study identifies RNA binding motif protein 24 (Rbm24) as a key splicing regulator that plays an essential role in controlling post-transcriptional networks during ESC transition into cardiac differentiation. Using an inducible mouse ESC line in which gene expression could be temporally regulated, we demonstrated that forced expression of Rbm24 in ESCs dramatically induced a switch to cardiac specification. Genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis identified more than 200 Rbm24-regulated alternative splicing events (AS) which occurred in genes essential for the ESC pluripotency or differentiation. Remarkably, AS genes regulated by Rbm24 composed of transcriptional factors, cytoskeleton proteins, and ATPase gene family members which are critical components required for cardiac development and functionality. Furthermore, we show that Rbm24 regulates ESC differentiation by promoting alternative splicing of pluripotency genes. Among the Rbm24-regulated events, Tpm1, an actin filament family gene, was identified to possess ESC/tissue specific isoforms. We demonstrated that these isoforms were functionally distinct and that their exon AS switch was essential for ESC differentiation. Our results suggest that ESC's switching into the differentiation state can be initiated by a tissue-specific splicing regulator, Rbm24. This finding offers a global view on how an RNA binding protein influences ESC lineage differentiation by a splicing-mediated regulatory mechanism. Stem Cells 2016;34:1776-1789.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,ShenZhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Guan Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan Guo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Kong
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Kai Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Qin Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Leha A, Moens N, Meleckyte R, Culley OJ, Gervasio MK, Kerz M, Reimer A, Cain SA, Streeter I, Folarin A, Stegle O, Kielty CM, Durbin R, Watt FM, Danovi D. A high-content platform to characterise human induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Methods 2015; 96:85-96. [PMID: 26608109 PMCID: PMC4773406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
iPSCs show inter/intra-line/donor-variability hampering characterisation. HipSci generates, banks and provides iPSCs from hundreds of individual donors. iPSCs respond to different human plasma fibronectin concentrations on 96-well assays. Phenotypic features: cell number, proliferation, morphology and intercellular adhesion. The methodologies described can be tailored for disease-modelling and other cell types.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide invaluable opportunities for future cell therapies as well as for studying human development, modelling diseases and discovering therapeutics. In order to realise the potential of iPSCs, it is crucial to comprehensively characterise cells generated from large cohorts of healthy and diseased individuals. The human iPSC initiative (HipSci) is assessing a large panel of cell lines to define cell phenotypes, dissect inter- and intra-line and donor variability and identify its key determinant components. Here we report the establishment of a high-content platform for phenotypic analysis of human iPSC lines. In the described assay, cells are dissociated and seeded as single cells onto 96-well plates coated with fibronectin at three different concentrations. This method allows assessment of cell number, proliferation, morphology and intercellular adhesion. Altogether, our strategy delivers robust quantification of phenotypic diversity within complex cell populations facilitating future identification of the genetic, biological and technical determinants of variance. Approaches such as the one described can be used to benchmark iPSCs from multiple donors and create novel platforms that can readily be tailored for disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leha
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nathalie Moens
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruta Meleckyte
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Oliver J Culley
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mia K Gervasio
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maximilian Kerz
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health Informatics Core, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andreas Reimer
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Amos Folarin
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health Informatics Core, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Cay M Kielty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Kim MH, Kino-oka M. Maintenance of an undifferentiated state of human induced pluripotent stem cells through migration-dependent regulation of the balance between cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:617-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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