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Cherni O, Carballares D, Siar EH, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Rocha-Martin J, Bahri S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning almond lipase features by the buffer used during immobilization: The apparent biocatalysts stability depends on the immobilization and inactivation buffers and the substrate utilized. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:S0168-1656(24)00168-8. [PMID: 38876311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The lipase from Prunus dulcis almonds was inactivated under different conditions. At pH 5 and 9, enzyme stability remained similar under the different studied buffers. However, when the inactivation was performed at pH 7, there were some clear differences on enzyme stability depending on the buffer used. The enzyme was more stable in Gly than when Tris was employed for inactivation. Then, the enzyme was immobilized on methacrylate beads coated with octadecyl groups at pH 7 in the presence of Gly, Tris, phosphate and HEPES. Its activity was assayed versus triacetin and S-methyl mandelate. The biocatalyst prepared in phosphate was more active versus S-methyl mandelate, while the other ones were more active versus triacetin. The immobilized enzyme stability at pH 7 depends on the buffer used for enzyme immobilization. The buffer used in the inactivation and the substrate used determined the activity. For example, glycine was the buffer that promoted the lowest or the highest stabilities depending on the substrate used to quantify the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Cherni
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs (LR16ES05). Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - El Hocine Siar
- Agri-food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Sellema Bahri
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs (LR16ES05). Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Suhaimi N, Kumakubo R, Yoshino T, Maeda Y, Murata S, Tanaka T. Expansion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris by genetic engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2024:S1389-1723(24)00154-3. [PMID: 38825559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) are widely used as additives in fish feed in the aquaculture sector. To date, the supply of omega-3 PUFAs have heavily depended upon fish oil production. As the need for omega-3 PUFAs supply for the growing population increases, a more sustainable approach is required to keep up with the demand. The oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris is known to synthesize EPA with the highest level among autotrophically cultured microalgae, however, this species does not accumulate significant amounts of DHA, which, in some cases, is required in aquaculture rather than EPA. This is likely due to the lack of expression of essential enzymes namely Δ5 elongase (Δ5ELO) and Δ4 desaturase. In this study, we identified endogenous Δ5ELO genes in F. solaris and introduced recombinant expression cassettes harboring Δ5ELO into F. solaris through bacterial conjugation. As a result, it managed to induce the synthesis of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; C22:5n-3), a direct precursor of DHA. This study paves the way for expanding our understanding of the omega-3 PUFAs pathway using endogenous genes in the oleaginous diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraiza Suhaimi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumakubo
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murata
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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3
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Naser I, Yabu Y, Maeda Y, Tanaka T. Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation Methods for the Marine Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:657-665. [PMID: 36512290 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris is a promising producer of biofuel owing to the high content of the lipids. A genetic transformation technique by microparticle bombardment for this diatom was already established. However, the transformation efficiency was significantly lower than those of other diatoms. Devoting efforts to advance the genetic modifications of this diatom is crucial to unlock its full potential. In this study, we optimized the microparticle bombardment protocol, and newly established a multi-pulse electroporation protocol for this diatom. The nutrient-rich medium in the pre-culture stage played an essential role to increase the transformation efficiency of the bombardment method. On the other hand, use of the nutrient-rich medium in the electroporation experiments resulted in decreasing the efficiency because excess nutrient salts could hamper to establish the best conductivity condition. Adjustments on the number and voltage of the poring pulses were also critical to obtain the best balance between cell viability and efficient pore formation. Under the optimized conditions, the transformation efficiencies of microparticle bombardment and multi-pulse electroporation were 111 and 82 per 108 cells, respectively (37 and 27 times higher than the conventional bombardment method). With the aid of the optimized protocol, we successfully developed the transformant clone over-expressing the endogenous fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein (FIT)-like protein, which was previously found in the genome of the oleaginous diatom F. solaris and the oleaginous eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis gaditana. This study provides powerful techniques to investigate and further enhance the metabolic functions of F. solaris by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Naser
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, 184-8588, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yabu
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, 184-8588, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, 184-8588, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, 184-8588, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
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Murison V, Hérault J, Côme M, Guinio S, Lebon A, Chamot C, Bénard M, Galas L, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Bardor M, Ulmann L. Comparison of two Phaeodactylum tricornutum ecotypes under nitrogen starvation and resupply reveals distinct lipid accumulation strategies but a common degradation process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257500. [PMID: 37810403 PMCID: PMC10556672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model species frequently used to study lipid metabolism in diatoms. When exposed to a nutrient limitation or starvation, diatoms are known to accumulate neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Those lipids are produced partly de novo and partly from the recycle of plastid membrane lipids. Under a nitrogen resupply, the accumulated lipids are catabolized, a phenomenon about which only a few data are available. Various strains of P. tricornutum have been isolated around the world that may differ in lipid accumulation patterns. Methods To get further information on this topic, two genetically distant ecotypes of P. tricornutum (Pt1 and Pt4) have been cultivated under nitrogen deprivation during 11 days followed by a resupply period of 3 days. The importance of cytoplasmic LDs relative to the plastid was assessed by a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell volume estimation using bright field microscopy pictures. Results and discussion We observed that in addition to a basal population of small LDs (0.005 μm3 to 0.7 μm3) present in both strains all along the experiment, Pt4 cells immediately produced two large LDs (up to 12 μm3 after 11 days) while Pt1 cells progressively produced a higher number of smaller LDs (up to 7 μm3 after 11 days). In this work we showed that, in addition to intracellular available space, lipid accumulation may be limited by the pre-starvation size of the plastid as a source of membrane lipids to be recycled. After resupplying nitrogen and for both ecotypes, a fragmentation of the largest LDs was observed as well as a possible migration of LDs to the vacuoles that would suggest an autophagic degradation. Altogether, our results deepen the understanding of LDs dynamics and open research avenues for a better knowledge of lipid degradation in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Murison
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Sabrina Guinio
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Chamot
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire GlycoMEV UR4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Laval, France
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Ding W, Ye Y, Yu L, Liu M, Liu J. Physiochemical and molecular responses of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to illumination transitions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 37328885 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light is a key regulatory factor for photosynthesis and metabolism of microalgae. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is capable of exhibiting metabolic flexibility in response to light fluctuations. However, the metabolic switching and underlying molecular mechanisms upon illumination transitions remain poorly understood for this industrially relevant marine alga. To address these, the physiochemical and molecular responses of P. tricornutum upon high light (HL) and recovery (HLR) were probed. RESULTS Upon HL, P. tricornutum exhibited quick responses, including decreases in cell division, major light harvesting pigments (e.g., chlorophyll a, β-carotene, and fucoxanthin), chloroplastidic membrane lipids (e.g., monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., C20:5), as well as increases in carbohydrates and neutral lipids particularly triacylglycerol. During HLR stage when the stress was removed, these physiochemical phenotypes were generally recovered, indicative of a rapid and reversible changes of P. tricornutum to cope with illumination transitions for survival and growth. Through the integrated analysis with time-resolved transcriptomics, we revealed the transcriptional control of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in P. tricornutum responding to HL, which could be reversed more or less during the HLR stage. Furthermore, we highlighted key enzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism of P. tricornutum and identified monooxygenases putatively responsible for catalyzing the ketolation step towards fucoxanthin synthesis from neoxanthin. CONCLUSIONS The detailed profiling of physiochemical and transcriptional responses of P. tricornutum to HL-HLR treatments advances our understanding on the adaption of the alga to illumination transitions and provides new insights into engineering of the alga for improved production of value-added carotenoids and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Kaha M, Noda M, Maeda Y, Kaneko Y, Yoshino T, Tanaka T. Characterization of oil body-associated proteins obtained from oil bodies with different sizes in oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:359-368. [PMID: 36935336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Oil body-associated proteins from the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris were identified by proteomic analysis of oil bodies of various sizes (small, middle, and large) by time-dependent culturing upon nutrient-starvation at 36, 96 and 168 h. This diatom strain has the capability to accumulate neutral lipids and triacylglycerol. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed 662 proteins in all oil body sizes. Among these, 132 proteins were predicted to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Seventeen proteins that exhibited a positive correlation with gene expression and the oil body size were selected as novel candidates for oil body-associated proteins. Among the 17 protein candidates, two proteins encoded by fso:g8246 and fso:g10200 were confirmed to be localized on the surface of the oil body and endoplasmic reticulum. A protein encoded by fso:g2514, which is involved in sterol biosynthesis, was also identified. This protein was likely to localize to mitochondria; however, inhibitor assays suggested that it might play a role in lipid degradation. Our work provides new insights into the proteomics of microalgae and provides a valuable strategy for boosting lipid productivity in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshila Kaha
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Noda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yumika Kaneko
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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7
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Murison V, Hérault J, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Ulmann L. Bioinformatics-Based Screening Approach for the Identification and Characterization of Lipolytic Enzymes from the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020125. [PMID: 36827166 PMCID: PMC9964374 DOI: 10.3390/md21020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous diatoms accumulate lipids of biotechnological interest when exposed to nutrient stress conditions such as nitrogen starvation. While accumulation mechanisms are well-known and have been engineered to improve lipid production, degradation mechanisms remain poorly investigated in diatoms. Identifying lipid-degrading enzymes is the initial step to understanding the catabolic processes. In this study, an in silico screening of the genome of Phaeodactylum tricornutum led to the identification of 57 putative triacylglycerol lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) grouped in 4 families. Further analysis revealed the presence of conserved domains and catalytic residues of lipases. Physico-chemical characteristics and subcellular localization predictions highlighted that a majority of these putative proteins are hydrophilic and cytosolic, suggesting they could be recruited to lipid droplets directly from the cytosol. Among the 57 identified putative proteins, three lipases were identified as possibly involved in lipophagy due to a potential vacuolar localization. The expression of the mRNA corresponding to the 57 proteins was then searched in 3 transcriptomic datasets obtained under nitrogen starvation. Nine genes were highly regulated and were considered as encoding enzymes with a probable important function in lipid catabolism. A tertiary structure prediction of these nine candidates yielded eight functional 3D models. Among those, two downregulated enzymes, Phatr3_J54974 and Phatr3_EG00720, were highlighted as good targets for future functional genomics and purification studies to investigate their role in lipid degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Murison
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sahoo S, Dehury B, Narang PK, Raina V, Misra N, Suar M. Comprehensive sequence and structure analysis of algal lipid catabolic enzyme Triacylglycerol lipase: an in silico study to vitalize the development of optimum engineered strains with high lipid productivity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11989-12007. [PMID: 34415234 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1967194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae as an alternative renewable resource for biofuel production have captured much significance. Nonetheless, its economic viability is a field of major concern for researchers. Unraveling the lipid catabolic pathway and gaining insights into the sequence-structural features of its primary functioning enzyme, Triacylglycerol lipase, will impart valuable information to target microalgae for augmented lipid content. In the present study, a genome-wide comparative study on putative Triacylglycerol lipase (TAGL) enzyme from algal species belonging to varied phylogenetic lineages was performed. The comprehensive sequence analysis revealed that TAGL comprises of three distinct conserved domains, such as, Patatin, Class III Lipase, and Abhydro_lipase, and also confirmed the ubiquitous presence of GXSXG motif in the sequences analyzed. In the absence of a crystal structure of algal TAGL till date, we developed the first 3D model of patatin domain of TAGL from an oleaginous microalga, Phaedactylum tricornutum, employing homology modeling, docking and molecular dynamic simulations methods. The domain-substrate complex having the low-ranking docking score revealed the binding of palmitic acid to the TAGL patatin domain surface with strong hydrogen bond interactions. The simulation results implied that the substrate-complexed patatin domain and the free enzyme adopted a more stable conformation after 40 ns. This is the first ever attempt to provide in-silico insights into the structural and dynamical insights on catalytic mechanism of the TAGL patatin domain. Subsequently, these findings aided our understanding on their structural stability, folding mechanism and protein-substrate interactions, which could be further utilized to design site-specific mutagenic experiments for engineering microalgal strains.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susrita Sahoo
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Parminder Kaur Narang
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India.,SGTB Khalsa College, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Namrata Misra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT-Technology Business Incubator (KIIT-TBI), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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9
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Effects of fatty acid synthase-inhibitors on polyunsaturated fatty acid production in marine diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Assessment on the oil accumulation by knockdown of triacylglycerol lipase in the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20905. [PMID: 34686744 PMCID: PMC8536745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are promising producers of biofuel due to higher accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG). However, further improvement of the lipid metabolism is critical for feasible application of microalgae in industrial production of biofuel. Suppression of lipid degradation pathways is a promising way to remarkably increase the lipid production in model diatoms. In this study, we established an antisense-based knockdown (KD) technique in the marine oleaginous diatom, Fistulifera solaris. This species has a capability to accumulate high content of lipids. Tgl1 KD showed positive impact on cell growth and lipid accumulation in conventional culture in f/2 medium, resulting in higher oil contents compared to wild type strain. However, these impacts of Tgl1 KD were slight when the cells were subjected to the two-stage growth system. The Tgl1 KD resulted in slight change of fatty acid composition; increasing in C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1, and decreasing in C20:5. This study indicates that, although Tgl1 played a certain role in lipid degradation in F. solaris, suppression of only a single type of TAG lipase was not significantly effective to improve the lipid production. Comprehensive understanding of the lipid catabolism in this microalga is essential to further improve the lipid production.
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11
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Ben Hlima H, Karray A, Dammak M, Elleuch F, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Production and structure prediction of amylases from Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51046-51059. [PMID: 33973124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amylases are enzymes required for starch degradation and are naturally produced by many microorganisms. These enzymes are used in several fields such as food processing, beverage, and medicine as well as in the formulation of enzymatic detergents proving their significance in modern biotechnology. In this study, a three-stage growth mode was applied to enhance starch production and amylase detection from Chlorella vulgaris. Stress conditions applied in the second stage of cultivation led to an accumulation of proteins (75% DW) and starch (21% DW) and a decrease in biomass. Amylase activities were detected and they showed high production levels especially on day 3 (35 U/ml) and day 5 (22.5 U/ml) of the second and third stages, respectively. The bioinformatic tools used to seek amylase protein sequences from TSA database of C. vulgaris revealed 7 putative genes encoding for 4 α-amylases, 2 β-amylases, and 1 isoamylase. An in silico investigation showed that these proteins are different in their lengths as well as in their cellular localizations and oligomeric states though they share common features like CSRs of GH13 family or active site of GH14 family. In brief, this study allowed for the production and in silico characterization of amylases from C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l'Amélioration des Plantes Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Guéguen N, Le Moigne D, Amato A, Salvaing J, Maréchal E. Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639276. [PMID: 33968100 PMCID: PMC8100218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Heterokonta or Stramenopile phylum comprises clades of unicellular photosynthetic species, which are promising for a broad range of biotechnological applications, based on their capacity to capture atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis and produce biomolecules of interest. These molecules include triacylglycerol (TAG) loaded inside specific cytosolic bodies, called the lipid droplets (LDs). Understanding TAG production and LD biogenesis and function in photosynthetic stramenopiles is therefore essential, and is mostly based on the study of a few emerging models, such as the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and eustigmatophytes, such as Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis species. The biogenesis of cytosolic LD usually occurs at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, stramenopile cells contain a complex plastid deriving from a secondary endosymbiosis, limited by four membranes, the outermost one being connected to the endomembrane system. Recent cell imaging and proteomic studies suggest that at least some cytosolic LDs might be associated to the surface of the complex plastid, via still uncharacterized contact sites. The carbon length and number of double bonds of the acyl groups contained in the TAG molecules depend on their origin. De novo synthesis produces long-chain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA), whereas subsequent maturation processes lead to very long-chain polyunsaturated FA (VLC-PUFA). TAG composition in SFA, MUFA, and VLC-PUFA reflects therefore the metabolic context that gave rise to the formation of the LD, either via an early partitioning of carbon following FA de novo synthesis and/or a recycling of FA from membrane lipids, e.g., plastid galactolipids or endomembrane phosphor- or betaine lipids. In this review, we address the relationship between cytosolic LDs and the complex membrane compartmentalization within stramenopile cells, the metabolic routes leading to TAG accumulation, and the physiological conditions that trigger LD production, in response to various environmental factors.
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Kashiyama Y, Ishizuka Y, Terauchi I, Matsuda T, Maeda Y, Yoshino T, Matsumoto M, Yabuki A, Bowler C, Tanaka T. Engineered chlorophyll catabolism conferring predator resistance for microalgal biomass production. Metab Eng 2021; 66:79-86. [PMID: 33862197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Production of valuable compounds including biofuels and pharmaceutical precursors derived from microalgae has garnered significant interest. Stable production of algal biomass is essential to make the microalgal industry commercially feasible. However, one of the largest issues is severe biological contamination by predators grazing the algal biomass, resulting in the crash of outdoor cultures. In the present study, we propose a novel engineering strategy for microalgae to cope with predators. The overexpression of plant chlorophyllase (CLH) in a microalga resulted in the enhancement of resistance to the predator. This result supported our hypothesis that CLH promotes chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts of the microalgae when they are digested by the predator, generating the phototoxic catabolite chlorophyllide that damages the predator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish predator-resistant microalgae by enhancing the CLH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kashiyama
- Department of Applied Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1, Gakuen, Fukui, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishizuka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Issei Terauchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshiki Matsuda
- Department of Applied Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1, Gakuen, Fukui, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mitsufumi Matsumoto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Electric Power Development Co., Ltd, 1, Yanagisaki-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 808-0111, Japan
| | - Akinori Yabuki
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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14
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Ben Hlima H, Dammak M, Karray A, Drira M, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Molecular and Structural Characterizations of Lipases from Chlorella by Functional Genomics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020070. [PMID: 33525674 PMCID: PMC7910983 DOI: 10.3390/md19020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been poorly investigated for new-lipolytic enzymes of biotechnological interest. In silico study combining analysis of sequences homologies and bioinformatic tools allowed the identification and preliminary characterization of 14 putative lipases expressed by Chlorella vulagaris. These proteins have different molecular weights, subcellular localizations, low instability index range and at least 40% of sequence identity with other microalgal lipases. Sequence comparison indicated that the catalytic triad corresponded to residues Ser, Asp and His, with the nucleophilic residue Ser positioned within the consensus GXSXG pentapeptide. 3D models were generated using different approaches and templates and demonstrated that these putative enzymes share a similar core with common α/β hydrolases fold belonging to family 3 lipases and class GX. Six lipases were predicted to have a transmembrane domain and a lysosomal acid lipase was identified. A similar mammalian enzyme plays an important role in breaking down cholesteryl esters and triglycerides and its deficiency causes serious digestive problems in human. More structural insight would provide important information on the enzyme characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Maroua Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (H.B.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (S.A.)
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15
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Khan S, Fu P. Biotechnological perspectives on algae: a viable option for next generation biofuels. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 62:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Usami R, Fujii K, Fushimi C. Improvement of Bio-Oil and Nitrogen Recovery from Microalgae Using Two-Stage Hydrothermal Liquefaction with Solid Carbon and HCl Acid Catalysis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6684-6696. [PMID: 32258904 PMCID: PMC7114750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-oil production from microalgae by using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been conducted extensively in the last decade. In this work, we conducted two-stage HTL of a microalga (Fistulifera solaris, JPCC DA0580) in the presence of 5.0 g/L carbon solid acid or a 0.02-0.50 M HCl catalyst to increase bio-oil yield and nitrogen recovery into the aqueous phase (AP). The first stage (HTL 1), to hydrolyze proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and elute nitrogen components into the AP, was conducted at 100-250 °C for 30-120 min. The second stage (HTL 2), to produce the bio-oil, was conducted at 280-320 °C for 0-30 min. The best conditions to obtain a high bio-oil yield and NH4 + recovery in the AP were 200 °C and 30 min of residence time for HTL 1 and 320 °C and 0 min residence time for HTL 2. We found that 0.50 M HCl decreased the bio-oil yield while greatly increasing NH4 + in the AP and decreasing the nitrogen content in the bio-oil. This was probably due to the catalytic effect of HCl promoting hydrolysis of protein and deamination of amino acids during HTL 1. The fractions of water-soluble products were greatly increased by performing HTL 2 in neutral conditions while this maintained low nitrogen content in the bio-oil. From GC-MS analyses of the bio-oil, it was observed that, by using 0.50 M HCl, peak intensities of all the GC peaks decreased and MS spectra of amines decreased. The carbon solid acid had an insignificant influence on bio-oil and NH4 + yields.
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Proteomics analysis of lipid droplets indicates involvement of membrane trafficking proteins in lipid droplet breakdown in the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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