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Li G, Yuan Y, Jin B, Zhang Z, Murtaza B, Zhao H, Li X, Wang L, Xu Y. Feasibility insights into the application of Paenibacillus pabuli E1 in animal feed to eliminate non-starch polysaccharides. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1205767. [PMID: 37608941 PMCID: PMC10440823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1205767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the research was to find alternative protein sources for animal farming that are efficient and cost-effective. The researchers focused on distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of bioethanol production that is rich in protein but limited in its use as a feed ingredient due to its high non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) content, particularly for monogastric animals. The analysis of the Paenibacillus pabuli E1 genome revealed the presence of 372 genes related to Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes), with 98 of them associated with NSPs degrading enzymes that target cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Additionally, although lignin is not an NSP, two lignin-degrading enzymes were also examined because the presence of lignin alongside NSPs can hinder the catalytic effect of enzymes on NSPs. To confirm the catalytic ability of the degrading enzymes, an in vitro enzyme activity assay was conducted. The results demonstrated that the endoglucanase activity reached 5.37 U/mL, while beta-glucosidase activity was 4.60 U/mL. The filter paper experiments did not detect any reducing sugars. The xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities were measured at 11.05 and 4.16 U/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the pectate lyase and pectin lyase activities were found to be 8.19 and 2.43 U/mL, respectively. The activities of laccase and MnP were determined as 1.87 and 4.30 U/mL, respectively. The researchers also investigated the effect of P. pabuli E1 on the degradation of NSPs through the solid-state fermentation of DDGS. After 240 h of fermentation, the results showed degradation rates of 11.86% for hemicellulose, 11.53% for cellulose, and 8.78% for lignin. Moreover, the crude protein (CP) content of DDGS increased from 26.59% to 30.59%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that P. pabuli E1 possesses various potential NSPs degrading enzymes that can effectively eliminate NSPs in feed. This process improves the quality and availability of the feed, which is important for animal farming as it seeks alternative protein sources to replace traditional nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Uke A, Sornyotha S, Baramee S, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Waeonukul R, Ratanakhanokchai K, Kosugi A. Genomic analysis of Paenibacillus macerans strain I6, which can effectively saccharify oil palm empty fruit bunches under nutrient-free conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2023:S1389-1723(23)00111-1. [PMID: 37095007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The improper disposal of palm oil industrial waste has led to serious environmental pollution. In this study, we isolated Paenibacillus macerans strain I6, which can degrade oil palm empty fruit bunches generated by the palm oil industry in nutrient-free water, from bovine manure biocompost and sequenced its genome on PacBio RSII and Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platforms. We obtained 7.11 Mbp of genomic sequences with 52.9% GC content from strain I6. Strain I6 was phylogenetically closely related to P. macerans strains DSM24746 and DSM24 and was positioned close to the head of the branch containing strains I6, DSM24746, and DSM24 in the phylogenetic tree. We used the RAST (rapid annotation using subsystem technology) server to annotate the strain I6 genome and discovered genes related to biological saccharification; 496 genes were related to carbohydrate metabolism and 306 genes were related to amino acids and derivatives. Among them were carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 212 glycoside hydrolases. Up to 23.6% of the oil palm empty fruit bunches was degraded by strain I6 under anaerobic and nutrient-free conditions. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of extracellular fractions of strain I6 showed that amylase and xylanase activity was highest when xylan was the carbon source. The high enzyme activity and the diversity in the associated genes may contribute to the efficient degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches by strain I6. Our results indicate the potential utility of P. macerans strain I6 for lignocellulosic biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Somphit Sornyotha
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan; Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
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Chhe C, Uke A, Baramee S, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Waeonukul R, Ratanakhanokchai K, Kosugi A. Insulambacter thermoxylanivorax sp. nov., a thermophilic xylanolytic bacterium isolated from compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36943336 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated and analysed a Gram-negative, facultatively thermophilic, xylan-degrading bacterium that we designated as strain DA-C8T. The strain was isolated from compost from Ishigaki Island, Japan, by enrichment culturing using beech wood xylan as the sole carbon source. The strain showed high xylan degradation ability under anaerobic growth conditions. The isolate grew at 37-60 °C (optimum, 55 °C) and pH 4.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.0). As well as xylan, strain DA-C8T could use polysaccharides such as arabinoxylan and galactan as carbon sources. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DA-C8T was most closely related to Paenibacillus cisolokensis LC2-13AT (93.9 %) and Paenibacillus chitinolyticus HSCC596 (93.5 %). In phylogenetic analysis, strain DA-C8T belonged to the same lineage as Xylanibacillus composti K13T (92.5 %), but there was less statistical support for branching (70 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity values and average amino acid sequence identity between strain DA-C8T and P. cisolokensis LC2-13AT were 21.8, 68.3 and 58.2 %, respectively. Those between strain DA-C8T and X. composti K13 were 23.7, 67.7 and 57.6 %, respectively. The whole-genome DNA G+C content of strain DA-C8T was 52.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (42.9 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (16.7 %), the major quinone was menaquinone 7, and the major polar lipids were unidentified glycolipids. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, a novel genus is proposed-Insulambacter gen. nov.-for the novel species Insulambacter thermoxylanivorax sp. nov. The type strain is DA-C8T (=JCM 34211T=DSM 111723T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinda Chhe
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 2695, Cambodia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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Wang M, Chen L, Lou Z, Yuan X, Pan G, Ren X, Wang P. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Paenibacillus sp. LJ-23. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010066. [PMID: 35049921 PMCID: PMC8780880 DOI: 10.3390/md20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a low molecular weight alginate, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) exhibit improved water solubility, better bioavailability, and comprehensive health benefits. In addition, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and gelling capability make them an excellent biomaterial with a dual curative effect when applied in a drug delivery system. In this paper, a novel alginate lyase, Algpt, was cloned and characterized from a marine bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. LJ-23. The purified enzyme was composed of 387 amino acid residues, and had a molecular weight of 42.8 kDa. The optimal pH of Algpt was 7.0 and the optimal temperature was 45 °C. The analysis of the conserved domain and the prediction of the three-dimensional structure indicated that Algpt was a novel alginate lyase. The dominant degradation products of Algpt on alginate were AOS dimer to octamer, depending on the incubation time, which demonstrated that Algpt degraded alginate in an endolytic manner. In addition, Algpt was a salt-independent and thermo-tolerant alginate lyase. Its high stability and wide adaptability endow Algpt with great application potential for the efficient preparation of AOS with different sizes and AOS-based products.
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