1
|
Li F, Yue X, Liao Y, Qiao L, Lv K, Xiang Q. Understanding the unique S-scheme charge migration in triazine/heptazine crystalline carbon nitride homojunction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3901. [PMID: 37400443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding charge transfer dynamics and carrier separation pathway is challenging due to the lack of appropriate characterization strategies. In this work, a crystalline triazine/heptazine carbon nitride homojunction is selected as a model system to demonstrate the interfacial electron-transfer mechanism. Surface bimetallic cocatalysts are used as sensitive probes during in situ photoemission for tracing the S-scheme transfer of interfacial photogenerated electrons from triazine phase to the heptazine phase. Variation of the sample surface potential under light on/off confirms dynamic S-scheme charge transfer. Further theoretical calculations demonstrate an interesting reversal of interfacial electron-transfer path under light/dark conditions, which also supports the experimental evidence of S-scheme transport. Benefiting from the unique merit of S-scheme electron transfer, homojunction shows significantly enhanced activity for CO2 photoreduction. Our work thus provides a strategy to probe dynamic electron transfer mechanisms and to design delicate material structures towards efficient CO2 photoreduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China.
| | - Kangle Lv
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naveed A, Javaid A, Zia A, Ishaq MT, Amin M, Farooqi ZUR, Mahmood A. TiO 2/g-C 3N 4 Binary Composite as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil and Dye Degradation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2173-2182. [PMID: 36687058 PMCID: PMC9850785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were synthesized by using highly crystalline TiO2 nanorods/rice (NRs) and various percentages of g-C3N4 via a facile, scalable, and inexpensive pyrolysis method. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption and desorption analysis (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry (CA). It was found that biodiesel production by the esterification reaction can be remarkably enhanced by coupling TiO2 with g-C3N4; hereby, it was observed that with increasing percentage of g-C3N4 from 5 to 10 and 15% with respect to TiO2 NRs, the photocatalytic activity rose and the maximum photocatalytic activity with 97% conversion was observed for NC-3, i.e., 15% g-C3N4/TiO2. Moreover, the photoactivity of pristine TiO2 NR aggregates was contrasted with their nanoparticle morphology and was estimated to be slightly better. When applied for photocatalytic Congo red dye degradation, this sample showed a 91% degradation efficiency using only a very small amount of the catalyst. The high catalytic efficiency is attributed to the narrow band gap, exceptionally high surface area, and efficient charge separation properties of the prepared catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul
Basit Naveed
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Javaid
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Zia
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Ishaq
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- US-Pakistan
Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National
University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute
of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad38040, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Mahmood
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad40100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cruz-Mérida J, Corro G, Bañuelos F, Montalvo D, Pal U. Production of biodiesel from waste frying oil using waste calcareous-onyx as unique esterification and transesterification catalytic source. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
4
|
Trejda M, Kaszuba A, Nurwita A, Ziolek M. Towards Efficient Acidic Catalysts via Optimization of SO 3H-Organosilane Immobilization on SBA-15 under Increased Pressure: Potential Applications in Gas and Liquid Phase Reactions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237226. [PMID: 34885381 PMCID: PMC8658319 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the optimization of the synthesis of catalysts based on acidic mesoporous silica of the SBA-15 type by post-synthesis immobilization of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) under increased pressure up to 20 bar is reported. Sample structures and composition were examined by XRD measurement, low-temperature N2 adsorption/desorption and elemental analysis. The catalytic activities of the materials obtained were determined in both gas and liquid phase processes, i.e., by esterification of acetic acid and glycerol dehydration, respectively. The optimum pressure for modification leading to the highest number of acidic sites was found to be 10 bar. The final material was very active and stable in liquid phase processes; however, the stability in the gas-phase process was unsatisfactory due to the loss of sulphonic species from the catalyst surface.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Li Z, Chun Y, Yang F, Xu H, Wu X. Effect of the Formation of Diglycerides/Monoglycerides on the Kinetic Curve in Oil Transesterification with Methanol Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4646-4656. [PMID: 32175511 PMCID: PMC7066659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers reported that a sigmoid kinetic curve was obtained in oil transesterification with methanol catalyzed by CaO and gave different explanations for this formation. In this paper, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using CaO has been investigated. The solid catalyst and the liquid reaction mixture under different reaction time periods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal the formation of an S-shape kinetic curve. The appearance of calcium hydroxide, calcium methoxide, calcium glyceroxide, fatty acid calcium, diglycerides, and monoglycerides and their contributions to the kinetic curve have been discussed. The low reaction rate in the induction period can be attributed to mass transfer in this three-phase system. However, the formation of surfactants, diglycerides and monoglycerides, promotes the emulsification of the reaction mixture and numerous emulsion reactors are generated. These emulsion reactors can improve the contact of the solid catalyst with the reactants and thus accelerate the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuan Chun
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | | | | | - Xingcai Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanda LRS, Hamerski F, Corazza ML, Wypych F. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE PROCESSING OF HIGH-ACIDITY FATTY MATERIALS USING SOLID CATALYSTS FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190364s20190101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Synthesis of CaO SiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Ye X, Wang W, Zhao X, Wen T, Li Y, Ma Z, Wen L, Ye J, Wang Y. The role of the KCaF3 crystalline phase on the activity of KF/CaO biodiesel synthesis catalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
9
|
Gupta AR, Rathod VK. Waste cooking oil and waste chicken eggshells derived solid base catalyst for the biodiesel production: Optimization and kinetics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:169-178. [PMID: 30343743 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Waste chicken eggshells were used to derive two catalysts labeled in this study as Eggshell-CaOC-H-D and Eggshell-CaDG. Both these catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and basic strength was determined by the Hammett indicator method. The transesterification of waste cooking oil was carried out to compare the catalytic activity of Eggshell-CaDG and Eggshell-CaOC-H-D. The effect of various reaction parameters-methanol molar ratio, temperature, speed of agitation, and catalyst loading on the progress of the reaction was also tested to produce higher biodiesel yield. Eggshell-CaDG catalyzed reaction produced 96.07% biodiesel under the optimized reaction conditions of methanol molar ratio 10:1, catalyst loading 1.50 wt%, temperature 60 °C and speed of agitation 300 rpm with a reaction time of 50 min. Whereas, Eggshell-CaOC-H-D was yielded 93.10% biodiesel for the optimized operating parameters-methanol molar ratio 12:1, 400 rpm, 65 °C, catalyst loading of 3 wt% in the reaction time of 90 min. The reusability for both the catalysts was tested up to five cycles and found that biodiesel yield was decreased with successive cycles. The activation energies of the Eggshell-CaDG and Eggshell-CaOC-H-D were found to be 31.39 and 54.05 kJ mol-1, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were also found as per the ASTM standard range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar R Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Troter DZ, Todorović ZB, Đokić-Stojanović DR, Veselinović LM, Zdujić MV, Veljković VB. Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents in CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of expired sunflower oil. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
11
|
Enhancing Biodiesel Production Using Green Glycerol-Enriched Calcium Oxide Catalyst: An Optimization Study. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Panjaitan FR, Yamanaka S, Kuga Y. Soybean oil methanolysis over scallop shell-derived CaO prepared via methanol-assisted dry nano-grinding. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Buasri A, Lukkanasiri M, Nernrimnong R, Tonseeya S, Rochanakit K, Wongvitvichot W, Masa-ard U, Loryuenyong V. Rapid transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using novel catalyst with a microwave heating system. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Avhad MR, Marchetti JM. Innovation in solid heterogeneous catalysis for the generation of economically viable and ecofriendly biodiesel: A review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2015.1103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Reyero I, Arzamendi G, Gandía LM. Heterogenization of the biodiesel synthesis catalysis: CaO and novel calcium compounds as transesterification catalysts. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Tao G, Hua Z, Gao Z, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Shu Z, Zhang L, Shi J. KF-loaded mesoporous Mg-Fe bi-metal oxides: high performance transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8006-8. [PMID: 23903203 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using newly developed mesoporous Mg-Fe bi-metal oxides as supports, a novel kind of high performance transesterification catalysts for biodiesel production has been synthesized. More importantly, the impregnation solvent was for the first time found to substantially affect the structures and catalytic performances of the resultant transesterification catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiju Tao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen KT, Wang JX, Dai YM, Wang PH, Liou CY, Nien CW, Wu JS, Chen CC. Rice husk ash as a catalyst precursor for biodiesel production. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
León-Reina L, Cabeza A, Rius J, Maireles-Torres P, Alba-Rubio AC, López Granados M. Structural and surface study of calcium glyceroxide, an active phase for biodiesel production under heterogeneous catalysis. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Puna JF, Correia MJN, Dias APS, Gomes J, Bordado J. Biodiesel production from waste frying oils over lime catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Navajas A, Issariyakul T, Arzamendi G, Gandía L, Dalai A. Development of eggshell derived catalyst for transesterification of used cooking oil for biodiesel production. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Navajas
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Edificio de los Acebos; Universidad Pública de Navarra; Campus de Arrosadía s/n; E-31006; Pamplona; Spain
| | - T. Issariyakul
- Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon; SK; Canada
| | - G. Arzamendi
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Edificio de los Acebos; Universidad Pública de Navarra; Campus de Arrosadía s/n; E-31006; Pamplona; Spain
| | - L.M. Gandía
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Edificio de los Acebos; Universidad Pública de Navarra; Campus de Arrosadía s/n; E-31006; Pamplona; Spain
| | - A.K. Dalai
- Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon; SK; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The role of Nb in the formation of sulphonic species in SBA-15 and MCF functionalised with MPTMS. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Trejda M, Stawicka K, Dubinska A, Ziolek M. Development of niobium containing acidic catalysts for glycerol esterification. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Wang JX, Chen KT, Huang ST, Chen KT, Chen CC. Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Li2CO3. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Tao G, Hua Z, Gao Z, Chen Y, Wang L, He Q, Chen H, Shi J. Synthesis and catalytic activity of mesostructured KF/CaxAl2O(x+3) for the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
25
|
Wang JX, Chen KT, Huang ST, Chen CC. Application of Li2SiO3 as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel from soybean oil. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
26
|
Moreno J, Jaimes R, Gómez R, Niño-Gómez M. Evaluation of sulfated tin oxides in the esterification reaction of free fatty acids. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|