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Kusy R, Grela K. Renaissance in Alkyne Semihydrogenation: Mechanism, Selectivity, Functional Group Tolerance, and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2025; 125:4397-4527. [PMID: 40279298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2025]
Abstract
Alkenes constitute a significant class of chemical compounds with applications in the bulk, pharmaceutical, or perfume industry. Among the known methods of olefin production, semihydrogenation of the C-C triple bond seems to be the most straightforward one. Nonetheless, the success of this reaction requires full control over diastereoselectivity, eradication of a parasitic process of over-reduction or migration of the C-C double bond formed, and achieving satisfactory functional-group compatibility. The review demonstrates developments in the field of alkyne semihydrogenation over the period 2010-2022, with selected papers published in 2023 and 2024, emphasizing solutions to the above-mentioned limitations. We discuss mechanistic aspects of this transformation, including those related to unconventional systems. The review includes examples of applications of alkyne semihydrogenation in organic synthesis, confirming the considerable utility of this process. Finally, strategies to enhance catalyst selectivity are summarized. For the reader's convenience, we provided a graphical guidebook to catalytic systems, illustrating the efficiency of the particular method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kusy
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Yun Y, Shen H, Shi Y, Zhu Y, Wang S, Li K, Zhang B, Yao T, Sheng H, Yu H, Zhu M. Dynamically Precise Constructing Dual-Atom Pd 2 Catalyst:A Monodisperse Catalyst With High Stability for Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkyne. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409436. [PMID: 39120050 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) originate unprecedented reactivity and maximize resource efficiency. The fundamental difficulty lies in the high complexity and instability of DACs, making the rational design and targeted performance optimization a grand challenge. Here, an atomically dispersed Pd2 DAC with an in situ generated Pd─Pd bond is constructed by a dynamic strategy, which achieves high activity and selectivity for semi-hydrogenation of alkynes and functional internal acetylene, twice higher than commercial Lindlar catalyst. Density functional theory calculations and systematic experiments confirms the ultrahigh properties of Pd2 DAC originates from the synergistic effect of the dynamically generated Pd─Pd bonds. This discovery highlights the potential for dynamic strategies and opens unprecedented possibilities for the preparation of robust DACs on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Yun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Shen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Sicong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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Zhang M, He Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Li G. Isomorphous Substitution of Organic Cage Crystal by Pd Nanoclusters for Selective Hydrogenation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308400. [PMID: 37948438 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For supporting active metal, the cavity confinement and mass transfer facilitation lie not in one sack, a trade-off between high activity and good stability of the catalyst is present. Porous organic cages (POCs) are expected to break the trade-off when metal particles are properly loaded. Herein, three organic cages (CC3, RCC3, and FT-RCC3) are employed to support Pd nanoclusters for catalytic hydrogenation. Subnanometer Pd clusters locate differently in different cage frameworks by using the same reverse double-solvents approach. Compared with those encapsulated in the intrinsic cavity of RCC3 and anchored on the outer surface of CC3, the Pd nanoclusters orderly assembled in FT-RCC3 crystal via isomorphous substitution exhibit superior activity, high selectivity, and good stability for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Isomorphous substitution of FT-RCC3 crystal by Pd nanoclusters is originated from high crystallization capacity of FT-RCC3 and specific interaction of each Pd nanocluster with four cage windows. Both confinement function and H2 accumulation capacity of FT-RCC3 are fully utilized to support active Pd nanoclusters for efficient selective hydrogenation. The present results provide a new perspective to the heterogeneous catalysis field in terms of crystalizing metal nanoclusters in POC framework and outside the cage for making the best use of both parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zexing He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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Su Y, Wang X, Lin Q, Shen Q, Xu S, Fang L, Wen X. E-Selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes via a sulfur-radical mediation over cyclodextrin-modified nickel nanocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cyclodextrin-modified Ni catalyst was developed for E-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes that takes into account for the highly active Hδ− and Hδ+, in situ formed Ni nanoparticles, and the host–guest interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Su
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qianwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuangwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Liping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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