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Papalia M, González-Espinosa F, Castedo FQ, Gutkind G, Ramírez MS, Power P, Radice M. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of AXC-2 from Achromobacter ruhlandii. Pathogens 2024; 13:115. [PMID: 38392853 PMCID: PMC10893412 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics and can also acquire resistance to those commonly used for the treatment of respiratory infections, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to perform the genetic and biochemical characterization of AXC-2 from A. ruhlandii and to analyze all available AXC variants. Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined on a purified AXC-2 enzyme. It exhibited higher catalytic efficiencies towards amino-penicillins and older cephalosporins, while carbapenems behaved as poor substrates. Phylogenetic analysis of all blaAXC variants available in the NCBI was conducted. AXC was encoded in almost all A. ruhlandii genomes, whereas it was only found in 30% of A. xylosoxidans. AXC-1 was prevalent among A. xylosoxidans. AXC variants were clustered in two main groups, correlating with the Achromobacter species. No association could be established between the presence of blaAXC variants and a specific lineage of A. xylosoxidans; however, a proportion of AXC-1-producing isolates corresponded to ST 182 and ST 447. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic context and kinetic properties of AXC-2, identified in A. ruhlandii. It also provides a thorough description of all AXC variants and their association with Achromobacter species and various lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Papalia
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Francisco González-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Fátima Quiroga Castedo
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Gabriel Gutkind
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA;
| | - Pablo Power
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Marcela Radice
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (F.G.-E.); (F.Q.C.); (G.G.); (P.P.); (M.R.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
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Takemura M, Nakamura R, Ota M, Nakai R, Sahm DF, Hackel MA, Yamano Y. In vitro and in vivo activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter spp. and Burkholderia cepacia complex, including carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0034623. [PMID: 37971240 PMCID: PMC10720420 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00346-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are rare but diverse opportunistic pathogens associated with serious infections, which are often multidrug resistant. This study compared the in vitro antibacterial activity of the siderophore antibiotic cefiderocol against Achromobacter spp. and Bcc isolates with that of other approved antibacterial drugs, including ceftazidime-avibactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam. Isolates were collected in the SIDERO multinational surveillance program. Among 334 Achromobacter spp. isolates [76.6% from respiratory tract infections (RTIs)], cefiderocol had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50/90 of 0.06/0.5 µg/mL overall and 0.5/4 µg/mL against 52 (15.6%) carbapenem-non-susceptible (Carb-NS) isolates. Eleven (3.3%) Achromobacter spp. isolates overall and 6 (11.5%) Carb-NS isolates were not susceptible to cefiderocol. Among 425 Bcc isolates (73.4% from RTIs), cefiderocol had MIC50/90 of ≤0.03/0.5 µg/mL overall and ≤0.03/1 µg/mL against 184 (43.3%) Carb-NS isolates. Twenty-two (5.2%) Bcc isolates overall and 13 (7.1%) Carb-NS isolates were not susceptible to cefiderocol. Cumulative MIC distributions showed cefiderocol to be the most active of the agents tested in vitro against both Achromobacter spp. and Bcc. In a neutropenic murine lung infection model and a humanized pharmacokinetic immunocompetent rat lung infection model, cefiderocol showed significant bactericidal activity against two meropenem-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans strains compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05) and vehicle-treated controls (P < 0.05), respectively. Meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin comparators showed no significant activity in these models. The results suggest that cefiderocol could be a possible treatment option for RTIs caused by Achromobacter spp. and Bcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takemura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Rio Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation ΙI, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Merime Ota
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation ΙI, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakai
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation ΙI, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel F. Sahm
- International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Yoshinori Yamano
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Özer B, Özbek Çelık B. Comparative in vitro activities of eravacycline in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime against various Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Chemother 2023; 35:700-706. [PMID: 37211830 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Achromobacter species is an emerging pathogen causing chronic bacterial infections in patients with certain conditions, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and certain immune deficiencies. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro bactericidal activities of eravacycline, either alone or in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime, using 50 Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from CF patients. We also investigated the synergistic interactions of these combinations using microbroth dilutions against 50 strains of Achromobacter spp. Bactericidal, and we assessed the synergistic effects of the tested antibiotic combinations using the time-kill curve (TKC) technique. Our studies show that meropenem alone is the most effective antibiotic of those tested. Based on the TKCs, we found that eravacycline-colistin combinations display both bactericidal and synergistic activities for 24 h against 5 of the 6 Achromobacter spp. strains, including colistin-resistant ones, at 4xMIC of colistin. Although we did not observe synergistic interactions with eravacycline-meropenem or eravacycline-ceftazidime combinations, we did not observe antagonism with any combination tested.This study's findings could have important implications for antimicrobial therapy with tested antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek Çelık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kar M, Singh R, Tejan N, Jamwal A, Dubey A, Chaudhary R, Sahu C, Patel SS, Kumari P, Ghar M. One year experience of Achromobacter bacteremia at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000588.v3. [PMID: 37841106 PMCID: PMC10569658 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000588.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Achromobacter is a Gram-negative, motile, obligate aerobic and non-fermentative bacterium. It is an emerging pathogen in the hospital environment as it is frequently found in various solutions. Hypothesis/Gap Statement Information about the incidence and risk factors of Achromobacter bacteremia from India is limited. Aim We conducted this study to identify the risk factors and underlying conditions predisposing to bacteremia by Achromobacter spp. and analyse the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. Methodology We performed a retrospective observational study where automated blood cultures positive for Achromobacter spp. were assessed for clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from January 2022 to December 2022 in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care centre in Northern India. Results A total of 14 cases (14/2435, 0.57 %) of Achromobacter spp. were identified from bloodstream infections in one year. The mean age of the patients was 37.59±23.17 years with a male predominance (8/14, 57.1 %). All patients were managed on intravenous antibiotics and intravenous access as peripheral line catheters and only 5(5/14, 35.7 %) patients were managed on central line catheters. The isolates were found highly susceptible to ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (14/14, 100.0 %) followed by fluoroquinolones (12/14, 85.72 %) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (12/14, 85.72 %). Only 57.14 % (8/14, 57.14 %) of the patients were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. The all-cause 40 day mortality was observed in 35.7 % (5/14, 35.7 %) with two deaths that were directly attributable to sepsis. Conclusion This study provides insight into the incidence of Achromobacter bacteremia at our centre and the necessary antibiotic therapy to combat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kar
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Romya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Ashima Jamwal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Akanksha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Radhika Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Chinmoy Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Sangram Singh Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Malay Ghar
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
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Astley RA, Mursalin MH, Coburn PS, Livingston ET, Nightengale JW, Bagaruka E, Hunt JJ, Callegan MC. Ocular Bacterial Infections: A Ten-Year Survey and Review of Causative Organisms Based on the Oklahoma Experience. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1802. [PMID: 37512974 PMCID: PMC10386592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infections can be medical emergencies that result in permanent visual impairment or blindness and loss of quality of life. Bacteria are a major cause of ocular infections. Effective treatment of ocular infections requires knowledge of which bacteria are the likely cause of the infection. This survey of ocular bacterial isolates and review of ocular pathogens is based on a survey of a collection of isolates banked over a ten-year span at the Dean McGee Eye Institute in Oklahoma. These findings illustrate the diversity of bacteria isolated from the eye, ranging from common species to rare and unique species. At all sampled sites, staphylococci were the predominant bacteria isolated. Pseudomonads were the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate, except in vitreous, where Serratia was the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate. Here, we discuss the range of ocular infections that these species have been documented to cause and treatment options for these infections. Although a highly diverse spectrum of species has been isolated from the eye, the majority of infections are caused by Gram-positive species, and in most infections, empiric treatments are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Phillip S Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erin T Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James W Nightengale
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eddy Bagaruka
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hunt
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Harding SV, Barnes KB, Hawser S, Bentley CE, Vente A. In Vitro Activity of Finafloxacin against Panels of Respiratory Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1096. [PMID: 37508192 PMCID: PMC10376497 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the in vitro activity of finafloxacin against panels of bacterial strains, representative of those associated with infection in cystic fibrosis patients and predominately isolated from clinical cases of respiratory disease. Many of these isolates were resistant to various antimicrobials evaluated including the aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Broth microdilution assays were performed at neutral and acidic pH, to determine antimicrobial activity. Finafloxacin demonstrated superior activity at reduced pH for all of the bacterial species investigated, highlighting the requirement to determine the activity of antimicrobials in host-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Harding
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kay B Barnes
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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Savant AP, McColley SA. Cystic fibrosis year in review 2019: Section 2 pulmonary disease and infections. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:672-682. [PMID: 32970381 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the year 2019, research and case reports or series in the field of cystic fibrosis (CF) were in abundance. To adequately address the large body of CF research published during 2019, the CF year in review will be divided into three sections. This report is the second section, focusing specifically on new research related to pulmonary disease and infections. Additional sections will concentrate on CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators and the multisystem effects of CF. It is an exciting time to be providing care for patients and their families with CF with all the exciting new discoveries that will be shared in these reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne P Savant
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Jones AM. Infection control in cystic fibrosis: evolving perspectives and challenges. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:571-576. [PMID: 36101908 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the impact of some of the most recent changes in clinical care management in cystic fibrosis on infection prevention practice and advice for people with cystic fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS People with cystic fibrosis (CF) consistently highlight infection control as one of their major concerns. Infection prevention guidance and practice has facilitated successful decreases in rates of many transmissible CF pathogens. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlighted the clinical significance of respiratory viral infections and has accelerated the implementation of remote monitoring and telemedicine consultations as standard practice in CF. The continued improvement in health of the CF population is being further augmented by the introduction of new therapies, in particular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators. Infection prevention will remain pertinent to CF care, but these recent changes in clinical practice will have ongoing implications for infection prevention guidance in CF. SUMMARY Recent changes in CF clinical care have implications that will lead to further evolution of infection control practice and advice.
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Achromobacter spp. prevalence and adaptation in cystic fibrosis lung infection. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Distribution of Achromobacter Species in 12 French Cystic Fibrosis Centers in 2020 by a Retrospective MALDI-TOF MS Spectrum Analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0242221. [PMID: 35510500 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02422-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli mainly studied among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The identification of the 19 species within the genus is time-consuming (nrdA-sequencing), thus data concerning the distribution of the species are limited to specific studies. Recently, we built a database using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) (Bruker) that allows rapid and accurate species identification and detection of the multiresistant epidemic clones: A. xylosoxidans ST137 spreading among CF patients in various French and Belgium centers, and A. ruhlandii DES in Denmark. Here, we first assessed whether species identification could be achieved with our database solely by analysis of MS spectra without availability of isolates. Then, we conducted a multicentric study describing the distribution of Achromobacter species and of the clone ST137 among French CF centers. We collected and analyzed with our local database the spectra of Achromobacter isolates from 193 patients (528 samples) from 12 centers during 2020. In total, our approach enabled to conclude for 502/528 samples (95.1%), corresponding to 181 patients. Eleven species were detected, only five being involved in chronic colonization, A. xylosoxidans (86.4%), A. insuavis (9.1%), A. mucicolens (2.3%), A. marplatensis (1.1%) and A. genogroup 3 (1.1%). This study confirmed the high prevalence of A. xylosoxidans in chronic colonizations and the circulation of the clone A. xylosoxidans ST137 in France: four patients in two centers. The present study is the first to report the distribution of Achromobacter species from CF patients samples using retrospective MALDI-TOF/MS data. This easy approach could enable future large-scale epidemiological studies.
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An 18-Year Dataset on the Clinical Incidence and MICs to Antibiotics of Achromobacter spp. (Labeled Biochemically or by MAL-DI-TOF MS as A. xylosoxidans), Largely in Patient Groups Other than Those with CF. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030311. [PMID: 35326774 PMCID: PMC8944543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically multidrug-resistant environmental microorganisms which are known to cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and sometimes chronic infections. The existing literature yields scarcely any larger datasets, especially with regard to the incidence in patient groups other than those with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. We present a retrospective analysis of 314 clinical and 130 screening isolates detected in our diagnostic unit between 2004 and 2021, combined with patients’ demographic and clinical information (ward type and length of hospitalization), and the results of routine diagnostic antibiotic MIC determination. We found the apparent increase in prevalence in our diagnostic unit, in which cystic fibrosis patients are an underrepresented group, in large part to be attributable to an overall increase in the number of samples and, more importantly, changes in the diagnostic setting, such as the introduction of rigorous screening for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens. We found these Achromobacter spp. to be most commonly detected in urine, stool, wounds and airway samples, and found the resistance rates to vary strongly between different sample types. Intestinal carriage is frequently not investigated, and its frequency is likely underestimated. Isolates resistant to meropenem can hardly be treated.
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Beauruelle C, Lamoureux C, Mashi A, Ramel S, Le Bihan J, Ropars T, Dirou A, Banerjee A, Tandé D, Le Bars H, Héry-Arnaud G. In Vitro Activity of 22 Antibiotics against Achromobacter Isolates from People with Cystic Fibrosis. Are There New Therapeutic Options? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122473. [PMID: 34946075 PMCID: PMC8703882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Achromobacter are increasingly isolated from respiratory samples of people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). The management of this multidrug-resistant genus is challenging and characterised by a lack of international recommendations, therapeutic guidelines and data concerning antibiotic susceptibility, especially concerning the newer antibiotics. The objective of this study was to describe the antibiotic susceptibility of Achromobacter isolates from PWCF, including susceptibility to new antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 22 antibiotics were determined for a panel of 23 Achromobacter isolates from 19 respiratory samples of PWCF. Two microdilution MIC plates were used: EUMDROXF® plate (Sensititre) and Micronaut-S Pseudomonas MIC® plate (Merlin) and completed by a third method if necessary (E-test® or UMIC®). Among usual antimicrobial agents, the most active was imipenem (70% susceptibility). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin and tigecycline (65%, 56% and 52% susceptibility, respectively) were still useful for the treatment of Achromobacter infections. Among new therapeutic options, β-lactams combined with a β-lactamase-inhibitor did not bring benefits compared to β-lactam alone. On the other hand, cefiderocol appeared as a promising therapeutic alternative for managing Achromobacter infections in PWCF. This study provides the first results on the susceptibility of clinical Achromobacter isolates concerning new antibiotics. More microbiological and clinical data are required to establish the optimal treatment of Achromobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Beauruelle
- University Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (G.H.-A.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+332-98-14-51-05
| | - Claudie Lamoureux
- University Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (G.H.-A.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
| | - Arsid Mashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
| | - Sophie Ramel
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France; (S.R.); (J.L.B.); (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Jean Le Bihan
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France; (S.R.); (J.L.B.); (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Thomas Ropars
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France; (S.R.); (J.L.B.); (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne Dirou
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France; (S.R.); (J.L.B.); (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Anandadev Banerjee
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France; (S.R.); (J.L.B.); (T.R.); (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Didier Tandé
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
| | - Hervé Le Bars
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- University Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (G.H.-A.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology, Hospital Hygiene, and Parasitology-Mycology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (A.M.); (D.T.); (H.L.B.)
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13
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Rapid detection by MALDI-TOF MS of isolates from cystic fibrosis patients belonging to the epidemic clones Achromobacter xylosoxidans ST137 or Achromobacter ruhlandii DES. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0094621. [PMID: 34346714 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00946-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Achromobacter spp. are increasingly reported among cystic fibrosis patients. Genotyping requires time consuming methods such as Multilocus-Sequence-Typing or Pulsed-Field-Gel-Electrophoresis. Therefore, data on the prevalence of the multiresistant epidemic clones, especially A. xylosoxidans ST137 (AxST137) and the Danish Epidemic Strain A. ruhlandii (DES) are lacking. We recently developed and published a database for Achromobacter species identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS, Bruker Daltonics). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the MALDI-TOF MS to distinguish these multiresistant epidemic clones within Achromobacter species. Methods: All the spectra of A.xylosoxidans (n=1571) and A.ruhlandii (n=174) used to build the local database were analysed by ClinProTools™, MALDI Biotyper® PCA, MALDI Biotyper® dendrogram and flexAnalysis™ softwares for biomarker peaks detection. Two-hundred-two isolates (including 48 isolates of AxST137 and 7 of DES) were tested. Results: Specific biomarker peaks were identified: absent peak at m/z 6651 for AxST137 isolates and present peak at m/z 9438 for DES isolates. All tested isolates were well typed by our local database and clustered within distinct groups (ST137 or non-ST137 and DES or non-DES) no matter the MALDI-TOF software or only by simple visual inspection of the spectra by any user. Conclusions: The use of MALDI-TOF MS allowed identifying isolates of A. xylosoxidans belonging to the AxST137 clone which spread in France and Belgium (the Belgian epidemic clone) and of A. ruhlandii belonging to the DES clone. This tool will help implementation of segregation measures to avoid inter-patient transmission of these resistant clones.
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14
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Menetrey Q, Sorlin P, Jumas-Bilak E, Chiron R, Dupont C, Marchandin H. Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Emerging Pathogens Well-Armed for Life in the Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Lung. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050610. [PMID: 33919046 PMCID: PMC8142972 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the lung is a remarkable ecological niche in which the microbiome is subjected to important selective pressures. An inexorable colonization by bacteria of both endogenous and environmental origin is observed in most patients, leading to a vicious cycle of infection–inflammation. In this context, long-term colonization together with competitive interactions among bacteria can lead to over-inflammation. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, the two pathogens most frequently identified in CF, have been largely studied for adaptation to the CF lung, in the last few years, there has been a growing interest in emerging pathogens of environmental origin, namely Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The aim of this review is to gather all the current knowledge on the major pathophysiological traits, their supporting mechanisms, regulation and evolutionary modifications involved in colonization, virulence, and competitive interactions with other members of the lung microbiota for these emerging pathogens, with all these mechanisms being major drivers of persistence in the CF lung. Currently available research on A. xylosoxidans complex and S. maltophilia shows that these emerging pathogens share important pathophysiological features with well-known CF pathogens, making them important members of the complex bacterial community living in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Menetrey
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (Q.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Pauline Sorlin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (Q.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Department d’Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (E.J.-B.); (C.D.)
| | - Raphaël Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, CHU de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Chloé Dupont
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Department d’Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (E.J.-B.); (C.D.)
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 34093 Nîmes, France
- UMR 5151 HydroSciences Montpellier, Equipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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15
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Isler B, Kidd TJ, Stewart AG, Harris P, Paterson DL. Achromobacter Infections and Treatment Options. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01025-20. [PMID: 32816734 PMCID: PMC7577122 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01025-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter is a genus of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria under order Burkholderiales Although primarily isolated from respiratory tract of people with cystic fibrosis, Achromobacter spp. can cause a broad range of infections in hosts with other underlying conditions. Their rare occurrence and ever-changing taxonomy hinder defining their clinical features, risk factors for acquisition and adverse outcomes, and optimal treatment. Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics (e.g., most cephalosporins, aztreonam, and aminoglycosides), and are increasingly acquiring resistance to carbapenems. Carbapenem resistance is mainly caused by multidrug efflux pumps and metallo-β-lactamases, which are not expected to be overcome by new β-lactamase inhibitors. Among the other new antibiotics, cefiderocol, and eravacycline were used as salvage therapy for a limited number of patients with Achromobacter infections. In this article, we aim to give an overview of the antimicrobial resistance in Achromobacter species, highlighting the possible place of new antibiotics in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Isler
- University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, UQ Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kidd
- Central Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam G Stewart
- University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, UQ Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick Harris
- University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, UQ Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Central Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, UQ Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Longitudinal Surveillance and Combination Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Multidrug-Resistant Achromobacter Species from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01467-20. [PMID: 32816722 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01467-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are recognized as emerging pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Though recent works have established species-level identification using nrdA sequencing, there is a dearth in knowledge relating to species-level antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial combinations, which hampers the use of optimal antimicrobial combinations for the treatment of chronic infections. The aims of this study were to (i) identify at species-level referred Achromobacter isolates, (ii) describe species-level antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and (iii) determine the most promising antimicrobial combination for chronic Achromobacter infections. A total of 112 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Achromobacter species isolates from 39 patients were identified using nrdA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility and combination testing were carried out using the Etest method. We detected six species of Achromobacter and found that Achromobacter xylosoxidans was the most prevalent species. Interestingly, sequence analysis showed it was responsible for persistent infection (18/28 patients), followed by Achromobacter ruhlandii (2/3 patients). Piperacillin-tazobactam (70.27%) and co-trimoxazole (69.72%) were the most active antimicrobials. Differences were observed in species-level susceptibility to ceftazidime, carbapenems, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and tetracycline. Antimicrobial combinations with co-trimoxazole or tobramycin demonstrate the best synergy, while co-trimoxazole gave the best susceptibility breakpoint index values. This study enriches the understanding of MDR Achromobacter spp. epidemiology and confirms prevalence and chronic colonization of A. xylosoxidans in CF lungs. It presents in vitro data to support the efficacy of new combinations for use in the treatment of chronic Achromobacter infections.
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17
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Nath S, Sinha A, Singha YS, Dey A, Bhattacharjee N, Deb B. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant, toxic metal-tolerant and biofilm-forming bacteria in hospital surroundings. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020018. [PMID: 32979903 PMCID: PMC7656160 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to unethical and non-scientific disposal of hospital wastes and clinical by-products caused an alarming environmental concern and associated public health risks. The present study aims to assess the co-selection of antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance by bacteria isolated from hospital effluents. These isolates were also tested for hemolytic activity, pH-tolerance, thermal inactivation, auto-aggregation, cell-surface hydrophobicity and interaction with other bacteria. The study reports the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and heavy metal tolerant bacteria in clinical effluents and water samples. Most of these isolates were resistant to vancomycin, clindamycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, penicillin-G, methicillin and cefdinir, and evidenced the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzyme. Toxic metals such as cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc also exert a selection pressure towards antibiotic resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain GCC_19W3, Bacillus sp. strain GCC_19S2 and Achromobacter spanius strain GCC_SB1 showed β-hemolysis, evidenced by the complete breakdown of the red blood cells. Highest auto-aggregation was exhibited by Bacillus sp. strain GCC_19S2; whereas, maximum cell-surface hydrophobicity was displayed by P. aeruginosa strain GCC_19W1. Antagonistic activity by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain GCC_19W2, P. aeruginosa strain GCC_19W3 and strains of Achromobacter restricts the growth of other microorganisms by producing some bactericidal substances. The study emphasises undertaking safety measures for the disposal of clinical effluents directly into the environment. The study suggests adopting necessary measures and regulations to restrict the spread of emerging pathogens within the hospital biome and community, which if unnoticed, might pose a significant clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Institutional Biotech Hub, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Ahana Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Ankita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Bibhas Deb
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Institutional Biotech Hub, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
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18
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans Cellular Pathology Is Correlated with Activation of a Type III Secretion System. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00136-20. [PMID: 32366575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00136-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is increasingly recognized as a colonizer of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but the role that A. xylosoxidans plays in pathology remains unknown. This knowledge gap is largely due to the lack of model systems available to study the toxic potential of this bacterium. Recently, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) encoded by a majority of A. xylosoxidans genomes, termed AxoU, was identified. Here, we show that AxoU is a type III secretion system (T3SS) substrate that induces cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. A tissue culture model was developed showing that a subset of A. xylosoxidans isolates from CF patients induce cytotoxicity in macrophages, suggestive of a pathogenic or inflammatory role in the CF lung. In a toxic strain, cytotoxicity is correlated with transcriptional activation of axoU and T3SS genes, demonstrating that this model can be used as a tool to identify and track expression of virulence determinants produced by this poorly understood bacterium.
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Coward A, Kenna DTD, Woodford N, Turton JF. Structured surveillance of Achromobacter, Pandoraea and Ralstonia species from patients in England with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19:388-393. [PMID: 31862307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A structured survey of the cystic fibrosis pathogens Achromobacter, Pandoraea and Ralstonia species from thirteen sentinel hospitals throughout England was undertaken by Public Health England. One isolate per patient of these genera collected from CF patients during the seven-month survey period in 2015 was requested from participating hospitals. Species-level identification was performed using nrdA/gyrB sequence cluster analysis, and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In total, 176 isolates were included in the survey; 138 Achromobacter spp. (78.4%), 29 Pandoraea spp. (16.5%) and 9 Ralstonia spp. (5.1%). Novel Achromobacter and Pandoraea clusters were identified. High levels of antimicrobial resistance were found, particularly among Pandoraea isolates. Genotyping analysis revealed considerable diversity, however one geographically-widespread cluster of A. xylosoxidans isolates from six hospitals was found, in addition to two other clusters, both comprising isolates from two hospitals, either derived from the same region (A. xylosoxidans), or from hospitals within the same city (P. apista).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coward
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dervla T D Kenna
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom..
| | - Neil Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane F Turton
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Marion-Sanchez K, Pailla K, Olive C, Le Coutour X, Derancourt C. Achromobacter spp. healthcare associated infections in the French West Indies: a longitudinal study from 2006 to 2016. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:795. [PMID: 31500579 PMCID: PMC6734299 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria of the Achromobacter genus, more particularly xylosoxidans species, are responsible for various healthcare associated infections (HAI) which are increasingly described since the last decade. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are considered as potential reservoirs in hospitals. We performed a retrospective study to estimate the frequencies of Achromobacter spp. HAI among patients from French West Indies, to determine characteristics of infected patients and establish a possible link between CF and infections. Methods All adults with at least one Achromobacter spp. positive sample and infection criteria in accordance with European official definitions of HAI, hospitalized in University Hospital of Martinique from 2006 to 2016 for more than 48 h, were included. Patient clinical features, immune status and underlying diseases were obtained from medical files. A list of CF patients was given by clinicians. Antibiotic-susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using an automated method. Results Mean incidence density was 0.038/1000 days of hospitalization. Achromobacter spp. HAI evolved as an endemic situation with a low but pretty much stable incidence rate over the 11-year observation period. An epidemic peak was noticed in 2013. Among the 66 included patients, 56.1% were immunocompetent and no one had CF. Pneumonia and bacteraemia were the two main HAI. Among the 79 isolated strains, 92.4% were resistant to at least 1 major antibiotic and 16.4% met the definition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Conclusions This microorganism, little known in our country because of the scarcity of CF patients, represents a threat for both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients and a therapeutic challenge because of its high resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Marion-Sanchez
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique. .,Unité de Surveillance et de Prévention des Infections Nosocomiales, CHU de Martinique, Site Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CS 90632, 97290, Fort-de-France Cedex, Martinique.
| | - Karine Pailla
- Bacteriology Laboratory, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Claude Olive
- Bacteriology Laboratory, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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