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Merchán M, Coveñas R, Plaza I, Abecia JA, Palacios C. Anatomy of hypothalamic and diencephalic nuclei involved in seasonal fertility regulation in ewes. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1101024. [PMID: 36876003 PMCID: PMC9978410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe in detail the anatomy of nuclei involved in seasonal fertility regulation (SFR) in ewes. For this purpose, the intergeniculate leaflet of the visual thalamus, the caudal hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, and suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rostral hypothalamus were morphometrically and qualitatively analyzed in Nissl-stained serial sections, in the three anatomical planes. In addition, data were collected on calcium-binding proteins and cell phenotypes after immunostaining alternate serial sections for calretinin, parvalbumin and calbindin. For a complete neuroanatomical study, glial architecture was assessed by immunostaining and analyzing alternate sections for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). The results showed a strong microglial and astroglia reaction around the hypothalamic nuclei of interest and around the whole 3rd ventricle of the ewe brain. Moreover, we correlated cytoarchitectonic coordinates of panoramic serial sections with their macroscopic localization and extension in midline sagittal-sectioned whole brain to provide guidelines for microdissecting nuclei involved in SFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Merchán
- Animal Production Area, Department of Construction and Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Recognized Research Group - Molecular Bases of Development (Grupo de Investigación Reconocido - Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo - GIR-BMD), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Recognized Research Group - Molecular Bases of Development (Grupo de Investigación Reconocido - Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo - GIR-BMD), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Plaza
- Auditory Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Alfonso Abecia
- Environmental Science Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Palacios
- Animal Production Area, Department of Construction and Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Marcos P, Coveñas R. Immunohistochemical study of the brainstem cholinergic system in the alpaca (<em>Lama pacos</em>) and colocalization with CGRP. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34346665 PMCID: PMC8314389 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cholinergic regions have been detected in the brainstem of mammals. In general, these regions are constant among different species, and the nuclear complement is maintained in animals belonging to the same order. The cholinergic system of the brainstem has been partially described in Cetartiodactyla, except for the medulla oblongata. In this work carried out in the alpaca, the description of the cholinergic regions in this order is completed by the immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In addition, using double immunostaining techniques, the relationship between the cholinergic system and the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) previously described is analysed. Although these two substances are found in several brainstem regions, the coexistence in the same cell bodies was observed only in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the nucleus ambiguus and the reticular formation. These results suggest that the interaction between ChAT and CGRP may be important in the regulation of voluntary movements, the control of rapid eye movement sleep and states of wakefulness as well as in reward mechanisms. Comparing the present results with others previously obtained by our group regarding the catecholaminergic system in the alpaca brainstem, it seems that CGRP may be more functionally related to the latter system than to the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Marcos
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete.
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems; Grupo GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca.
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Sánchez ML, de Souza E, Aguilar LA, Coveñas R. Distribution of alpha-neoendorphin, ACTH (18-39) and beta-endorphin (1-27) in the alpaca brainstem. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:481-492. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel L. Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14); Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL); Salamanca Spain
| | - Eliana de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14); Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL); Salamanca Spain
| | - Luis A. Aguilar
- Faculty of Health Sciences; San Ignacio de Loyola University (USIL); Lima Peru
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14); Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL); Salamanca Spain
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Wang H, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Wu X. Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 300:507-519. [PMID: 27615412 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the regional distribution and histological localization of somatostatin (SS) immunoreactive (IR) perikarya and fibers was investigated for the first time in the brain of adult Chinese alligator by immunohistochemical method. The results showed SS-IR perikarya and fibers were widely distributed in various parts of the brain except for olfactory bulbs. In the telencephalon, SS-IR perikarya were predominantly located in the cellular layer and deep plexiform layer of dorsomedial and medial cortex, less in the dorsal and lateral cortex, while SS-IR fibers were found in all layers of the cerebral cortex. SS-IR perikarya and fibers were also detected in the dorsal ventricular ridge, hippocampus cortex, accessory olfactory bulb nuclearus, lenticular nucleus, and caudate nucleus. In the diencephalon, SS-IR perikarya and fibers were mainly present in supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, recessus infundibular nucleus, median eminence, the pineal gland and pituitary gland, in which the IR-fibers were abundant, appearing dot-shaped and varicosity-like. In the mesencephalon, they were present in tectum cortex, ependyma of cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey matter. Additionally, they were also detected in Purkinje's cellular layer of cerebellum, in the reticularis nucleus and raphe nucleus of medulla oblongata. The distribution pattern of SS-IR perikarya and fibers in the brain of Chinese alligator is generally similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also has some specific features. The wide distribution indicated that SS might be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator which acts on many kinds of target cells with a wide range of physiological functions. Anat Rec, 300:507-519, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Shengzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Yongkang Zhou
- Alligator Research Center of Anhui Province, Xuanzhou, 242000, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
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Sánchez ML, Vecino E, Coveñas R. Distribution of Neurotensin and Somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the Minipig Brainstem. Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:260-76. [PMID: 26250798 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, an in depth study has been carried out for the first time on the distribution of fibres and cell bodies containing neurotensin and somatostatin-28 (1-12) (SOM) in the minipig brainstem. The animals used were not treated with colchicine. The distribution of neurotensin- and SOM-immunoreactive fibres was seen to be quite similar and was moderate in the minipig brainstem: a close anatomical relationship between both neuropeptides was observed. The distribution of cell bodies containing neurotensin or SOM was quite different and restricted. Cell bodies containing neurotensin were found in four brainstem nuclei: nucleus centralis raphae, nucleus dorsalis raphae, in the pars centralis of the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and in the nucleus ventralis raphae. Cell bodies containing SOM were found in six nuclei/regions of the brainstem: nucleus ambiguus, nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagus, formatio reticularis, nucleus parabrachialis medialis, nucleus reticularis lateralis and nucleus ventralis raphae. According to the observed anatomical distribution of the immunoreactive structures containing neurotensin or SOM, the peptides could be involved in sleep-waking, nociceptive, gustatory, motor, respiratory and autonomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, c/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - E Vecino
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - R Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, c/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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De Souza E, Sánchez ML, Aguilar LÁ, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JÁ, Coveñas R. Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:363-74. [PMID: 25754727 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density of these fibers. Perikarya containing the peptide were widely distributed throughout the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) were observed in the lateral and medial divisions of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, reticular formation (mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata), inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, and in the substantia nigra. This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) is involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Souza
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Manso B, Sánchez M, Medina L, Aguilar L, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez J, Coveñas R. Immunohistochemical mapping of pro-opiomelanocortin- and pro-dynorphin-derived peptides in the alpaca (Lama pacos) diencephalon. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 59-60:36-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cebada-Sánchez S, Insausti R, González-Fuentes J, Arroyo-Jiménez MM, Rivas-Infante E, Lagartos MJ, Martínez-Ruiz J, Lozano G, Marcos P. Distribution of peptidergic populations in the human dentate gyrus (Somatostatin [SOM-28, SOM-12] and Neuropeptide Y [NPY]) during postnatal development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:25-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lisardo Sánchez M, Vecino E, Coveñas R. Distribution of CGRP in the minipig brainstem. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:374-84. [PMID: 24610802 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an in-depth study has been made of the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the minipig brainstem using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The animals studied were not treated with colchicine. Cell bodies containing CGRP were found in 20 nuclei/regions of the brainstem. These perikarya were located in somatomotor, brachiomotor and raphae nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, substantia nigra, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, nuclei olivaris inferior and superior, nuclei pontis, formatio reticularis, nucleus dorsalis tegmenti of Gudden, and in the nucleus reticularis lateralis. Fourteen of the 20 brainstem nuclei showed a high density of immunoreactive cell bodies. In comparison with other species, the minipig, together with the rat, show the most widespread distribution of cell bodies containing CGRP in the mammalian brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were also observed in the brainstem. However, in the minipig brainstem the density of these fibers is low, as in many brainstem nuclei only single immunoreactive fibers were observed. A high density of immunoreactive fibers was only observed in the pars caudalis of the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and in the nucleus ventralis tegmenti of Gudden. According to the observed anatomical distribution of the immunoreactive structures containing CGRP, the peptide could be involved in motor, somatosensory, gustative, and autonomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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de Souza E, Aguilar LA, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA, Coveñas R. Mapping of neurotensin in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:245-56. [PMID: 23692174 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibres containing neurotensin (NT) in the brainstem of the alpaca using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed throughout the brainstem, whereas the distribution of cell bodies was less widespread. Immunoreactive perikarya were only found in the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation, periaqueductal grey, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the inferior colliculus. A high density of fibres containing NT was found in the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, locus coeruleus, inferior colliculus, inter-peduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, periaqueductal grey, reticular formation of the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, inferior central nucleus and in the tegmental reticular nucleus. The widespread distribution indicates that NT might be involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem; this must be investigated in the future as alpacas lives from 0 m above sea level to altitudes of up 5000 m and hence the involvement of this neuropeptide in special and unique regulatory physiological mechanisms could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Marcos P, Arroyo-Jiménez MM, Lozano G, González-Fuentes J, Lagartos-Donate MJ, Aguilar LA, Coveñas R. Mapping of tyrosine hydroxylase in the diencephalon of alpaca (Lama pacos) and co-distribution with somatostatin-28 (1-12). J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 50-51:66-74. [PMID: 23474224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous work describing the distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the male alpaca (Lama pacos) diencephalon, and owing to the well known interactions between this peptide and the catecholaminergic system, the aims of this work are (1) to describe the distribution of putative catecholaminergic cell groups in the alpaca diencephalon and (2) to study the possible morphological basis of the interactions between these substances in the diencephalon of the alpaca by using double immunohistochemistry methods. Thus, the distribution of catecholaminergic cell groups in the alpaca diencephalon agrees with that previously described in the diencephalon of other mammalian species of the same order: the A11, A12, A13, A14 and A15d cell groups have been identified; however, we have observed an additional hitherto undescribed cell group containing tyrosine hydroxylase in the medial habenula. In addition, double-labelling procedures did not reveal neurons containing tyrosine hydroxylase and somatostatin, suggesting that the hypothalamic interactions between catecholamines and somatostatin at intra-cellular level must be carried out by a somatostatin molecule other than fragment (1-12). Otherwise, the overlapping distribution patterns of these substances would suggest some interconnections between groups of chemospecific neurons. These results could be the starting point for future studies on hypothalamic functions in alpacas, for example those concerning reproductive control, since other physiological studies have suggested that this species could have different regulatory mechanisms from other mammalian species. Our results support the Manger hypothesis that the same nuclear complement of neural systems exists in the brain of species of the same order.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marcos
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía Humana, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida de Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
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Mapping of CGRP in the alpaca diencephalon. J Chem Neuroanat 2012; 45:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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