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Arafat MAM, Khalil MNA, Mohamed OG, Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Tripathi A, Mahrous EA, Abd El-Kader EM, El-Hawary S. Vetiver aerial parts and roots ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis in complete Freund's adjuvant rat model, a phytochemical profiling and mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116764. [PMID: 37315650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is indigenous to India where it is traditionally used to relief rheumatisms, lumbagos and sprains. Vetiver anti-inflammatory activity has not been previously investigated, and its specific interactions with body inflammation cascade remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was performed to validate the ethnobotanical use of the plant and compare the anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extracts of the most traditionally used part (aerial part) to that of the root. Furthermore, we attempt to reveal the molecular mechanism of this anti-inflammatory activity in correlation to the chemical composition of C. zizanioides aerial (CA) and root parts (CR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) was used for comprehensive analysis of both CA and CR. The anti-inflammatory effect of both extracts was evaluated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA model in Wistar rats. RESULTS Phenolic metabolites were predominant in CA and 42 were identified for the first time, while only 13 were identified in CR. Meanwhile, triterpenes and sesquiterpenes were confined to the root extract. In CFA arthritis model, CA showed better anti-inflammatory activity than CR marked by an increase in serum level of IL-10 with simultaneous decrease in pro-inflammatory markers; IL-6, ACPA and TNF-α and was evident in histopathological examination. This anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCs3, ERK1/ERK2, TRAF6/c-FOS/NFATC1, TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATC1 and RANKL pathways which were all upregulated after CFA injection. These pathways were modulated to larger extent by CA, except for ERK1/ERK2 which was downregulated more effectively by CR. This differential effect between CA and CR can be explained by the variability in their phytoconstituents profile. CONCLUSION In agreement with the ethnobotanical preference, CA extract was more effective than CR extract in reducing the symptoms of RA probably due to its enrichment with flavonoids, lignans, and flavolignans. Both CA and CR reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines through modulating various biological signaling pathways. These findings support the traditional use of vetiver leaves as a remedy for RA and suggest that the use of the whole plant may offer advantage by synergistically affecting more inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A M Arafat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, 11361, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed N A Khalil
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-sueif, Egypt
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam M Abd El-Kader
- Timber Tree Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Pitsch J, Weghuber J. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Charged Aerosol Detection for Simultaneous Quantitation of Carbohydrates, Polyols and Ions in Food and Beverages. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234333. [PMID: 31783530 PMCID: PMC6930467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an accurate and versatile method for the simultaneous determination of 17 sugars (arabinose, erythrose, fructose, galactose, glucose, isomaltulose, lactose, lyxose, maltose, maltotriose, mannose, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, sucrose, sorbose and xylose), seven polyols (erythritol, inositol, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol), five ions (K+, Br−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) and the pseudosaccharide acarbose. For compound separation, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a corona charged aerosol detector (CAD) was used. The method was validated for linearity, precision, reproducibility, retention factor and optimal injection volume. Standards were measured in the range of 1–1000 mg L−1 and showed good intraday and interday repeatability, as well as precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 5%). The LODs and LOQs for the 30 analytes were in the range of 0.032–2.675 mg L−1 and 0.107–8.918 mg L−1, respectively. This method exhibited correlation coefficients of at least R2 > 0.97 for all analytes. The method was tested in 24 food and beverage samples to validate the separation efficiency and sensitivity in natural food matrices and to show the practicability of its use for routine food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pitsch
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Head Office, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
- Center of Excellence—Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- FFoQSI-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Head Office, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
- Center of Excellence—Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-50804-44403
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Development and validation of a quantitative ultra performance LC ® hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography MS/MS method to measure fructose and sorbitol in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:407-425. [PMID: 30887836 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fructose and sorbitol are utilized as biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Measurement of fructose and sorbitol levels helps understanding disease progression, drug response and underlying mechanism. MATERIALS & METHODS Stable isotope-labeled fructose and sorbitol were used as surrogate standards and internal standards. Human plasma samples were processed and analyzed by ultra performance LC®-MS/MS via chromatographic separation on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography analytical column without derivatization. Assay was validated with biomarker fit-for-purpose concept. RESULTS A 12-min ultra performance LC®-MS/MS method was developed and validated to directly measure fructose and sorbitol in human plasma with acceptable intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy. CONCLUSION This sensitive, selective, and high-throughput assay with suitable dynamic ranges was successfully applied to clinical studies to provide reliable fructose and sorbitol biomarker data.
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Quantification of eicosanoids and their metabolites in biological matrices: a review. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2027-2046. [PMID: 30412686 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of eicosanoids and their metabolites in biological samples remain an analytical challenge, even though a number of methodologies/techniques have been developed. The major difficulties encountered are related to the oxidation of eicosanoids and their low quantities in biological matrices. Among the known methodologies, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the standard method for eicosanoid quantification in biological samples. Recently advances have improved the ability to identify and simultaneous quantitate eicosanoids in biological matrices. The present article reviews the quantitative analysis of eicosanoids in different biological matrices by LC and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS and discusses important aspects to be considered during the collection, sample preparation and the generation of calibration curves required for eicosanoid analysis.
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Dapic I, Kobetic R, Brkljacic L, Kezic S, Jakasa I. Quantification of free fatty acids in human stratum corneum using tandem mass spectrometry and surrogate analyte approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Dapic
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Renata Kobetic
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Nucleoside Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruder Boskovic Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Lidija Brkljacic
- Laboratory for Carbohydrate, Peptide and Glycopeptide Research, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruder Boskovic Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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Accurate quantification of PGE 2 in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model by surrogate analyte-based UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 148:42-50. [PMID: 28957718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An accurate and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method is reported for the quantification of endogenous Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat colonic mucosa and polyps. This method adopted the "surrogate analyte plus authentic bio-matrix" approach, using two different stable isotopic labeled analogs - PGE2-d9 as the surrogate analyte and PGE2-d4 as the internal standard. A quantitative standard curve was constructed with the surrogate analyte in colonic mucosa homogenate, and the method was successfully validated with the authentic bio-matrix. Concentrations of endogenous PGE2 in both normal and inflammatory tissue homogenates were back-calculated based on the regression equation. Because of no endogenous interference on the surrogate analyte determination, the specificity was particularly good. By using authentic bio-matrix for validation, the matrix effect and exaction recovery are identically same for the quantitative standard curve and actual samples - this notably increased the assay accuracy. The method is easy, fast, robust and reliable for colon PGE2 determination. This "surrogate analyte" approach was applied to measure the Pirc (an Apc-mutant rat kindred that models human FAP) mucosa and polyps PGE2, one of the strong biomarkers of colorectal cancer. A similar concept could be applied to endogenous biomarkers in other tissues.
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Binz TM, Braun U, Baumgartner MR, Kraemer T. Development of an LC–MS/MS method for the determination of endogenous cortisol in hair using 13 C 3 -labeled cortisol as surrogate analyte. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:426-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mechri B, Tekaya M, Cheheb H, Hammami M. Determination of Mannitol Sorbitol and Myo-Inositol in Olive Tree Roots and Rhizospheric Soil by Gas Chromatography and Effect of Severe Drought Conditions on Their Profiles. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1631-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Toyoda F, Tanaka Y, Ota A, Shimmura M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Matsumoto T, Tsuji J, Kakehashi A. Effect of ranirestat, a new aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic retinopathy in SDT rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:672590. [PMID: 25215304 PMCID: PMC4158328 DOI: 10.1155/2014/672590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ranirestat, a new aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. METHODS The animals were divided into six groups, normal Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8), untreated SDT rats (n = 9), ranirestat-treated SDT rats (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day, n = 7, 8, and 6, resp.), and epalrestat-treated SDT rats (100 mg/kg/day, n = 7). Treated rats received oral ranirestat or epalrestat once daily for 40 weeks after the onset of diabetes. After the eyes were enucleated, the retinal thickness and the area of stained glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured. RESULTS The retinas in the untreated group were significantly thicker than those in the normal and ranirestat-treated (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. The immunostained area of GFAP in the untreated group was significantly larger than that in the normal and ranirestat-treated (1.0 and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. There were no significant differences between the untreated group and epalrestat-treated group in the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP. CONCLUSION Ranirestat reduced the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP in SDT rats and might suppress DR and have a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Machiko Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-8-2 Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuji
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-8-2 Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- *Akihiro Kakehashi:
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Kinoshita K, Jingu S, Yamaguchi JI. A surrogate analyte method to determine d-serine in mouse brain using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2013; 432:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ota A, Kakehashi A, Toyoda F, Kinoshita N, Shinmura M, Takano H, Obata H, Matsumoto T, Tsuji J, Dobashi Y, Fujimoto WY, Kawakami M, Kanazawa Y. Effects of long-term treatment with ranirestat, a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic cataract and neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic torii rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:175901. [PMID: 23671855 PMCID: PMC3647549 DOI: 10.1155/2013/175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated ranirestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, in diabetic cataract and neuropathy (DN) in spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats compared with epalrestat, the positive control. Animals were divided into groups and treated once daily with oral ranirestat (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/kg) or epalrestat (100 mg/kg) for 40 weeks, normal Sprague-Dawley rats, and untreated SDT rats. Lens opacification was scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (mature cataract). The combined scores (0-6) from both lenses represented the total for each animal. DN was assessed by measuring the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the sciatic nerve. Sorbitol and fructose levels were measured in the lens and sciatic nerve 40 weeks after diabetes onset. Cataracts developed more in untreated rats than normal rats (P < 0.01). Ranirestat significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited rapid cataract development; epalrestat did not. Ranirestat significantly reversed the MNCV decrease (40.7 ± 0.6 m/s) in SDT rats dose-dependently (P < 0.01). Epalrestat also reversed the prevented MNCV decrease (P < 0.05). Sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerve increased significantly in SDT rats (2.05 ± 0.10 nmol/g), which ranirestat significantly suppressed dose-dependently, (P < 0.05, <0.01, and <0.01); epalrestat did not. Ranirestat prevents DN and cataract; epalrestat prevents DN only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
- *Akihiro Kakehashi:
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Machiko Shinmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroto Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuji
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masanobu Kawakami
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanazawa
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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Shi J, Liu HF, Wong JM, Huang RN, Jones E, Carlson TJ. Development of a robust and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of adenine in plasma of different species and its application to in vivo studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:778-84. [PMID: 21840665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple, robust, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the measurement of endogenous adenine in mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey, and human plasma. A "surrogate analyte" strategy was adopted by employing [(13)C(U)]-adenine as the surrogate analyte. The plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation, and the extracted supernatant samples were subjected directly to LC-MS/MS analysis. The analysis was carried out in the negative ion detection mode using selected-reaction monitoring (SRM). The method achieved a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5.0nM with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The intra- and inter-day assay coefficients of variation (CV) were ≤6.67% in rat plasma, and the mean recoveries and matrix effects across species and at various concentrations ranged from 88.8% to 104.2% and 86.0% to 110.8%, respectively. Using this methodology, the endogenous concentration of adenine in plasma of four species was found to range from 8.7nM in human to 93.1nM in cynomolgus monkey plasma. The assay was further applied to both an adenine pharmacokinetic study and a pivotal pharmacodynamic study evaluating the plasma concentration of adenine after a dose of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Shi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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Penner N, Ramanathan R, Zgoda-Pols J, Chowdhury S. Quantitative determination of hippuric and benzoic acids in urine by LC-MS/MS using surrogate standards. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:534-43. [PMID: 20149566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of hippuric acid (HA) and benzoic acid (BA) in monkey urine after direct injection was developed. Since HA and BA are endogenous compounds in urine, surrogate standards ((13)C(6)-hippuric and (13)C(6)-benzoic acid) were employed to generate calibration curves. l-Phenylalanine-ring-D5 served as an internal standard. Multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ionization mode with an APCI source was used for detection of all components in the assay. The developed method is intended for determination of HA and BA in the range of 0.25-250 and 0.1-100microg/ml, respectively. Weighted (1/x) quadratic regression (r(2)>0.99) was used to generate calibration curves. Precision and accuracy of the method were assessed by analyzing 3 quality control samples (concentrations at low, medium, and high range of calibration curve) prepared in monkey urine. Stability for 48h at room temperature and after 3 freeze-thaw cycles was also evaluated. The proposed method was successfully utilized for analysis of urine samples from female monkeys following the administration of everninomicin alone and in combination with gentamicin. The concentrations of endogenous HA and BA were calculated based on the peak area ratio of the analyte to the internal standard using a regression equation for corresponding surrogate standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Penner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
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Ullah S, Wahren J, Beck O. Precise determination of glucose-d2/glucose ratio in human serum and plasma by APCI LC-MS/MS. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 69:837-42. [DOI: 10.3109/00365510903307954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Verardo G, Duse I, Callea A. Analysis of underivatized oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with post-column addition of formic acid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1607-1618. [PMID: 19408275 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Underivatized oligosaccharides were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode with post-column addition of an aqueous solution of formic acid. Under these conditions all oligosaccharides showed the presence of the corresponding formate adduct [M + HCOO](-) with high intensity and easy subsequent low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation using successive MS(n) experiments. A careful examination of the mass spectra obtained from these MS(n) experiments pointed out some significant differences useful to identify and quantify the single components in mixtures of coeluted disaccharides. This new sensitive and rapid method was successfully applied to the quantification of oligosaccharides in some juices minimizing sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Verardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
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Hammad LA, Saleh MM, Novotny MV, Mechref Y. Multiple-reaction monitoring liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for monosaccharide compositional analysis of glycoproteins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1224-1234. [PMID: 19318280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid quantitative LC-MS/MS assay was designed for the simultaneous quantification of free and glycoprotein bound monosaccharides using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. This study represents the first example of using LC-MS/MS methods to simultaneously quantify all common glycoprotein monosaccharides, including neutral and acidic monosaccharides. Sialic acids and reduced forms of neutral monosaccharides are efficiently separated using a porous graphitized carbon column. Neutral monosaccharide molecules are detected as their alditol acetate anion adducts [M + CH(3)CO(2)](-) using electrospray ionization in negative ion MRM mode, while sialic acids are detected as deprotonated ions [M - H](-). The new method exhibits very high sensitivity to carbohydrates with limits of detection as low as 1 pg for glucose, galactose, and mannose, and below 10 pg for other monosaccharides. The linearity of the described approach spans over three orders of magnitudes (pg to ng). The method effectively quantified monosaccharides originating from as little as 1 microg of fetuin, ribonuclease B, peroxidase, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein human (AGP) with results consistent with literature values and with independent CE-LIF measurements. The method is robust, rapid, and highly sensitive. It does not require derivatization or postcolumn addition of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna A Hammad
- METACyt Biochemical Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection for sorbitol as a biomarker for diabetic neuropathy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1607-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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van de Merbel NC. Quantitative determination of endogenous compounds in biological samples using chromatographic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rogatsky E, Tomuta V, Stein DT. LC/MS quantitative study of glucose by iodine attachment. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:155-60. [PMID: 17481402 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We explored the potential of iodine attachment to improve the sensitivity of glucose measurement by LC/MS. After sample preparation, glucose was separated by normal phase chromatography, followed by anionization by I(-)-attachment prior to MS by post-column addition of a methanolic solution of iodoform. Iodine is capable of forming an anionic adduct with neutral monosaccharides in negative ion mode electrospray mass spectrometry. Quasi-molecular ions [M+I]- of glucose, and [6,6-(2)H2]glucose (abbreviated d2-glucose) internal standard were quantitated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Iodine attachment LC/MS analysis provided high sensitivity, superior to GC/MS. It greatly simplified sample preparation and increased throughput. The advantages of iodine attachment can be realized even on old mass spectrometers. A LOD of 50 pg glucose on column was achieved. Due to iodine's predisposition to sublimate, the iodoform concentration must be minimized, which adds complexity to method development. To optimize reagent concentration we developed an efficient and flexible gradient-based delivery platform. Strategy for method development with iodoform is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Rogatsky
- Analytical Core Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, United States.
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