Measuring triamcinolone acetonide in aqueous humor by gas chromatography-electron-capture negative-ion mass spectrometry

Gold immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of triamcinolone acetonide and budesonide in milk

A monoclonal antibody against triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) and budesonide (BUD) was prepared using a hapten that was generated by introducing a carboxyl group into the structure of TCA. Based on the prepared monoclonal antibody, a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassay (GLFA) was developed with the ability to screen TCA and BUD in milk. The visible limits of detection of the GLFA for the analysis of TCA and BUD were 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL with a cutoff value of 5 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, in milk. Average recoveries of TCA and BUD in milk were 92.0-102.2% and 96.0-98.8% with a good correlation between the results from the GLFA and LC-MS/MS analysis. These results demonstrated that the GLFA method for the rapid detection of TCA and BUD in milk samples is reliable and sensitive.

Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro

Aim:

To study the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells.

Materials and Methods:

HTM cells were cultured and treated with 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL concentration of TA for 24 h. The cells were treated with both crystalline TA (TA-C) (commercial preparation) and solubilized TA (TA-S). Cell viability was measured by a trypan blue dye exclusion test. The activity of caspse-3/7 was measured by a fluorescence caspase kit and DNA laddering was evaluated by electrophoresis on 3% agarose gel. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed with LDH cytotoxicity assay kit-II.

Results:

Mean cell viabilities of HTM cells after 24 h exposure to TA-C 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL were 75.4 ±2.45% (P < 0.0001), 49.43 ± 1.85% (P < 0.0001), 17.07 ± 2.39% (P < 0.0001), and 3.7 ± 0.9% (P < 0.0001), respectively, compared with the untreated HTM cells 92.49 ± 1.21%. The mean cell viabilities with 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL of TA-S were 94.47 ± 1.60% (P > 0.05), 90.13 ± 0.40% (P < 0.01), 85.57 ± 0.47% (P < 0.001), and 71.67 ± 3.30% (P < 0.0001), respectively, compared to DMSO-equivalent cultures. Untreated HTM control had a cell viability of 96.57 ± 1.98%. DMSO-treated controls of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL had a cell viability of 94.73 ± 0.57%, 96.97 ± 1.08%, 93.97 ± 1.85%, and 97.27 ± 1.15%, respectively. There was no increase of caspase-3/7 activity in cultures treated with either TA-C or TA-S. DNA laddering showed no bands in the TA-C or TA-S treated cultures. There were significantly higher LDH release rates at all concentrations of TA-C compared to TA-S.

Conclusions:

Results show that the effect of TA-C and TA-S on HTM cells is due to cell death by necrosis at all concentrations except 125 μg/mL of TA-S. Elevated levels of LDH confirmed necrotic cell death. Our study also infers the relative safety of TA-S over TA-C.