1
|
Kroflič A, Anders J, Drventić I, Mettke P, Böge O, Mutzel A, Kleffmann J, Herrmann H. Guaiacol Nitration in a Simulated Atmospheric Aerosol with an Emphasis on Atmospheric Nitrophenol Formation Mechanisms. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1083-1093. [PMID: 34084985 PMCID: PMC8161671 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrophenols are pollutants of concern due to their toxicity and light-absorption characteristics and their low reactivity resulting in relatively long residence times in the environment. We investigate multiphase nitrophenol formation from guaiacol in a simulated atmospheric aerosol and support observations with the corresponding chemical mechanisms. The maximal secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield (42%) is obtained under illumination at 80% relative humidity. Among the identified nitrophenols, 4-nitrocatechol (3.6% yield) is the prevailing species in the particulate phase. The results point to the role of water in catechol and further 4-nitrocatechol formation from guaiacol. In addition, a new pathway of dark nitrophenol formation is suggested, which prevailed in dry air and roughly yielded 1% nitroguaiacols. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism possibly leads to oligomer formation via a phenoxy radical formation by oxidation with HONO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kroflič
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Anders
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivana Drventić
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Mettke
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Böge
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleffmann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute
for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vitola Pasetto L, Simon V, Richard R, Pic JS, Violleau F, Manero MH. Aldehydes gas ozonation monitoring: Interest of SIFT/MS versus GC/FID. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:1107-1115. [PMID: 31561301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two analytical techniques - online Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector (often used method for VOCs monitoring) versus Selected Ion Flow Tube coupled with Mass Spectrometry (a more recent technique based on direct mass spectrometry) - were compared in association to an ozone-based gas treatment. Selecting aldehydes as the representative VOCs, their concentrations were monitored during ozonation experiments by both techniques in parallel. Contradictory results were obtained in the presence of ozone. Aldehydes were up to 90% removed due to a reaction with ozone according to GC/FID analysis, whereas with SIFT/MS, aldehydes concentration remained at the same level during the experiments regardless of the ozone presence. In addition, it was demonstrated that the apparent aldehydes removal was affected by GC injector temperature, varying from 90% (when it was at 250 °C) to 60% (at 100 °C). Meanwhile, even when the ozonation reactor was heated to 100 °C, no aldehydes conversion was evidenced by SIFT/MS, suggesting that the GC injector temperature was not the only interference-causing parameter. The ozone-aldehyde reaction is probably catalyzed by some material of GC injector and/or column. An ozone-GC interference was therefore confirmed, making unsuitable the use of GC/FID with silicone stationary phase to monitor aldehydes in presence of high concentrations of ozone (at least 50 ppmv). On the other hand, SIFT/MS was validated as a reliable technique, which can be employed in order to measure VOCs concentrations in ozonation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Vitola Pasetto
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Richard
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Pic
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Violleau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Manero
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Mutzel A, Poulain L, Berndt T, Iinuma Y, Rodigast M, Böge O, Richters S, Spindler G, Sipilä M, Jokinen T, Kulmala M, Herrmann H. Highly Oxidized Multifunctional Organic Compounds Observed in Tropospheric Particles: A Field and Laboratory Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7754-61. [PMID: 26011767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Very recent studies have reported the existence of highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds (HOMs) with O/C ratios greater than 0.7. Because of their low vapor pressure, these compounds are often referred as extremely low-volatile organic compounds (ELVOCs), and thus, they are able to contribute significantly to organic mass in tropospheric particles. While HOMs have been successfully detected in the gas phase, their fate after uptake into particles remains unclear to date. Hence, the present study was designed to detect HOMs and related oxidation products in the particle phase and, thus, to shed light on their fate after phase transfer. To this end, aerosol chamber investigations of α-pinene ozonolysis were conducted under near environmental precursor concentrations (2.4 ppb) in a continuous flow reactor. The chemical characterization shows three classes of particle constituents: (1) intact HOMs that contain a carbonyl group, (2) particle-phase decomposition products, and (3) highly oxidized organosulfates (suggested to be addressed as HOOS). Besides chamber studies, HOM formation was also investigated during a measurement campaign conducted in summer 2013 at the TROPOS research station Melpitz. During this field campaign, gas-phase HOM formation was found to be correlated with an increase in the oxidation state of the organic aerosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Mutzel
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Berndt
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Rodigast
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Böge
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Richters
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerald Spindler
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- †Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Olariu RI, Vione D, Grinberg N, Arsene C. Applications of Liquid Chromatographic Techniques in the Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.941256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo-Iulian Olariu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry , “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| | - Davide Vione
- b Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- c Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry , “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavalheiro J, Monperrus M, Amouroux D, Preud’Homme H, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. In-port derivatization coupled to different extraction techniques for the determination of alkylphenols in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Iinuma Y, Kahnt A, Mutzel A, Böge O, Herrmann H. Ozone-driven secondary organic aerosol production chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3639-3647. [PMID: 23488636 DOI: 10.1021/es305156z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acidic sulfate particles are known to enhance secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) through accretion reactions and organosulfate formation. Enhanced phase transfer of epoxides, which form during the BVOC oxidation, into the acidified sulfate particles is shown to explain the latter process. We report here a newly identified ozone-driven SOA production chain that increases SOA formation dramatically. In this process, the epoxides interact with acidic sulfate particles, forming a new generation of highly reactive VOCs through isomerization. These VOCs partition back into the gas phase and undergo a new round of SOA forming oxidation reactions. Depending on the nature of the isomerized VOCs, their next generation oxidation forms highly oxygenated terpenoic acids or organosulfates. Atmospheric evidence is presented for the existence of marker compounds originating from this chain. The identified process partly explains the enhanced SOA formation in the presence of acidic particles on a molecular basis and could be an important source of missing SOA precursor VOCs that are currently not included in atmospheric models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Safi Shalamzari M, Ryabtsova O, Kahnt A, Vermeylen R, Hérent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Van der Veken P, Maenhaut W, Claeys M. Mass spectrometric characterization of organosulfates related to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:784-94. [PMID: 23495025 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A considerable fraction of atmospheric particulate fine matter consists of organosulfates, with some of the most polar ones originating from the oxidation of isoprene. Their structural characterization provides insights into the nature of gas-phase precursors as well as into formation pathways. METHODS The structures of unknown polar organosulfates present in ambient particulate fine matter were characterized using liquid chromatography/(-)electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/(-)ESI-MS), including ion trap MS(n) and accurate mass measurements, derivatization of the carbonyl group into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, detailed interpretation of the MS data, and in a selected case comparison of their LC and MS behavior with that of synthesized reference compounds. RESULTS Polar organosulfates with molecular weights (MWs) of 156, 170, 184 and 200 were attributed to/or confirmed as derivatives of glycolic acid (156), lactic acid (170), 1,2-dihydroxy-3-butanone (184), glycolic acid glycolate (200), 2-methylglyceric acid (200), and 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid (200). In the case of the MW 184 compound an unambiguous assignment was obtained through synthesis of reference compounds. CONCLUSIONS A more complete structural characterization of polar organosulfates that originate from isoprene secondary organic aerosol was achieved. An important atmospheric finding is the presence of an organosulfate that is related to methyl vinyl ketone, a major gas-phase oxidation product of isoprene. In addition, minor polar organosulfates related to crotonaldehyde were identified.
Collapse
|