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Rosales CA, Lepinsky NA, Gebeyehu W, Wasslen KV, Colquhoun F, Warnes BB, Chihabi J, Manthorpe JM, Smith JC. Improved LC-MS Detection of Opioids, Amphetamines, and Psychedelics Using TrEnDi. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2025; 36:514-523. [PMID: 39895518 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Substances of misuse are becoming increasingly difficult to analyze as unique methods of smuggling are adopted and due to the rapid emergence of new psychoactive substances, increasing the pool of compounds to characterize and identify. Technologies such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) represent the gold standard for accurate and robust analysis, with on-site ambient- and portable-MS systems providing rapid methods of drug screening and testing. For many samples containing residual analyte quantities, methods to improve sensitivity through chemical derivatization are critical for accurate determination. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the use of trimethylation enhancement using diazomethane (TrEnDi) to improve the MS-based sensitivity of 13 different drugs of misuse. All analytes were successfully permethylated, with 11 demonstrating improved analytical characteristics from TrEnDi with MS sensitivity enhancements ranging from 1.2-fold to as high as 24.2-fold in the case of psilocybin, as well as increases in reversed-phase chromatographic retention for most species. Derivatization using 13C-isotopically labeled TrEnDi reagents were used to successfully resolve isobaric interference issues between three pairs of controlled substances. By using an unconventional aprotic solvent system for electrospray ionization, the benefit of a fixed-permanent positive charge was highlighted as TrEnDi-modified amphetamine was easily measured while unmodified was not detected. Finally, TrEnDi was employed to boost the sensitivity of morphine in a real urine matrix. Our results demonstrate a percent recovery of 103.1% and a sensitivity enhancement of 2.4-fold, demonstrating the versatility and applicability of TrEnDi to pre-existing analytical workflows for trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Rosales
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Noah A Lepinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Wondewossen Gebeyehu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Karl V Wasslen
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Fraser Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Benjamin B Warnes
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jasmine Chihabi
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Manthorpe
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Hovhannisyan V, Berkati AK, Simonneaux M, Gabel F, Andry V, Goumon Y. Sex differences in the antinociceptive effect of codeine and its peripheral but not central metabolism in adult mice. Neuropharmacology 2025; 264:110228. [PMID: 39577763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Codeine is a natural opiate extracted from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and used to alleviate mild to moderate pain. The analgesic effect of this molecule results from its metabolism into morphine which is an agonist of the mu opioid receptor. Morphine's major metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide induces both thermal and mechanical hypersensitivies while codeine-6-glucuronide has been proposed to be antinociceptive. However, sex differences in codeine antinociceptive effect and pharmacokinetics were barely studied. To this purpose, we injected male and female mice with codeine (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and thermal hypersensitivity was assessed 30 min after injection using the Tail Immersion Test. Moreover, both peripheral and central metabolism of codeine were evaluated respectively in the blood or pain-related brain structures in the central nervous system. The amounts of codeine and its metabolites were quantified using the isotopic dilution method by liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Our results show that codeine induces a greater antinociceptive effect in males than females mice independently of the estrous cycle. Moreover, major sex differences were found in the peripheral metabolism of this molecule, with higher amounts of pronociceptive morphine-3-glucuronide and less antinociceptive codeine-6-glucuronide in females than in males. Concerning the central metabolism of codeine, we did not find significant sex differences in pain-related brain structures. Collectively, these findings support a greater codeine antinociceptive effect in males than females in mice. These sex differences could be influenced by a higher peripheral metabolism of this molecule in female mice rather than central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodya Hovhannisyan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdel-Karim Berkati
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Simonneaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Gabel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Andry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, SMPMS-INCI, Mass Spectrometry Facilities of the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, SMPMS-INCI, Mass Spectrometry Facilities of the Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.
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Chen HC, Lee PD, Chang YZ. Development of a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of commonly abused drugs in Asia in a micro-segment of a single hair using microwave-assisted extraction and dansyl chloride derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Minhas RS, Rudd DA, Al Hmoud HZ, Guinan TM, Kirkbride KP, Voelcker NH. Rapid Detection of Anabolic and Narcotic Doping Agents in Saliva and Urine By Means of Nanostructured Silicon SALDI Mass Spectrometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31195-31204. [PMID: 32551485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel doping agents and doping strategies are continually entering the market, placing a burden on analytical methods to detect, adapt, and respond to subtle changes in the composition of biological samples. Therefore, there is a growing interest in rapid, adaptable, and ideally confirmatory analytical methods for the fight against doping. Nanostructured silicon (nano-Si)-based surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) can effectively address this need, allowing fast and sensitive detection of prohibited compounds used in sport doping. Here, we demonstrate the detection of growth hormone peptides, anabolic-androgenic steroids, and narcotics at low concentrations directly from biological matrices. Molecular confirmation was performed using the fragmentation data of the structures, obtained with the tandem mass spectrometry capabilities of the SALDI instrument. The obtained data were in excellent agreement with those obtained using leading triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments. Furthermore, nano-Si SALDI-MS has the capacity for high-throughput analysis of hundreds of biological samples, providing opportunities for real-time MS analysis at sporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpreet Singh Minhas
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - David A Rudd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hashim Z Al Hmoud
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Taryn M Guinan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Leica Microsystems, Mount Waverly, Victoria 3149, Australia
| | - K Paul Kirkbride
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Chen J, Chen D, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen B, An D, Xu L, Lyu Q. Quantification of alcohols, diols and glycerol in fermentation with an instantaneous derivatization using trichloroacetyl isocyanante via liquid chromatography-massspectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khan U, Nicell J. Human Health Relevance of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Drinking Water. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:558-85. [PMID: 25739816 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, as many as 20 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been detected in samples of treated drinking water. The presence of these PhACs in drinking water raises important questions as to the human health risk posed by their potential appearance in drinking water supplies and the extent to which they indicate that other PhACs are present but have not been detected using current analytical methods. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to conduct a screening-level assessment of the human health risks posed by the aquatic release of an evaluation set of 335 selected PhACs. Predicted and measured concentrations were used to estimate the exposure of Canadians to each PhAC in the evaluation set. Risk evaluations based on measurements could only be performed for 17 PhACs and, of these, all were found to pose a negligible risk to human health when considered individually. The same approach to risk evaluation, but based on predicted rather than measured environmental concentrations, suggested that 322 PhACs of the evaluation set, when considered individually, are expected to pose a negligible risk to human health due to their potential presence in drinking waters. However, the following 14 PhACs should be prioritized for further study: triiodothyronine, thyroxine, ramipril and its metabolite ramiprilat, candesartan, lisinopril, atorvastatin, lorazepam, fentanyl, atenolol, metformin, enalaprilat, morphine, and irbesartan. Finally, the currently available monitoring data for PhACs in Canadian surface and drinking waters was found to be lacking, irrespective of whether their suitability was assessed based on risk posed, predicted exposure concentrations, or potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Identification and quantification of S-allyl-l-cysteine in heated garlic juice by HPLC with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Qi BL, Liu P, Wang QY, Cai WJ, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Derivatization for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Macromolecular ensembles of cyclodextrin crystallohydrates and clathrates – experimental and theoretical gas – and condense phase study. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Machon C, Le Calve B, Coste S, Riviere M, Payen L, Bernard D, Guitton J. Quantification of β-aminopropionitrile, an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase activity, in plasma and tumor of mice by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1017-23. [PMID: 24424787 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase enzymes are reported to be involved in patho-physiological process such as tumorigenesis. β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is an irreversible inhibitor of lysyl oxidase activity, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic of interest in oncology. This paper describes the first assay concerning the quantification of BAPN by mass spectrometry. A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed for the quantification of BAPN in plasma and tumor of mice. This method combines dansyl chloride (Dns) derivatization and extraction using a solid-phase extraction Oasis Max column. Deuterated BAPN was used as internal standard (IS). Separation was achieved using an C₁₈ column HypersylGold, (ThermoElectron), 3.0 µm (100 × 2.1 mm i.d.). Gradient elution with water containing 0.1% acetic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid (B) was applied. Detection was performed with an electrospray ionization interface operating in negative ion mode. Selected reaction monitoring was used with ion transitions m/z 302 → 249 for BAPN-Dns and m/z 306 → 250 for the IS. The method was fully validated in plasma and was linear and sensitive in the range of 10-500 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification in plasma was 2.5 ng/mL. This validated assay was successfully applied to a kinetic study of BAPN in mouse plasma and demonstrates that BAPN reaches the tumoral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Machon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France; Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Uranyl-water-containing complexes: solid-state UV-MALDI mass spectrometric and IR spectroscopic approach for selective quantitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1548-1563. [PMID: 23942998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since primary environmental concept for long storage of nuclear waste involved assessment of water in uranium complexes depending on migration processes, the paper emphasized solid-state matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric (MS) and IR spectroscopic determination of UO2(NO3)2·6H2O; UO2(NO3)2·3H2O, α-, β-, and γ-UO3 modifications; UO3·xH2O (x = 1 or 2); UO3·H2O, described chemically as UO2(OH)2, β- and γ-UO2(OH)2 modifications; and UO4·2H2O, respectively. Advantages and limitation of vibrational spectroscopic approach are discussed, comparing optical spectroscopic data and crystallographic ones. Structural similarities occurred in α-γ modifications of UO3, and UO2(OH)2 compositions are analyzed. Selective speciation achieved by solid-state mass spectrometry is discussed both in terms of its analytical contribution for environmental quality assurance and assessment of radionuclides, and fundamental methodological interest related the mechanistic complex water exchange of UO3·H2O forms in the gas phase. In addition to high selectivity and precision, UV-MALDI-MS, employing an Orbitrap analyzer, was a method that provided fast steps that limited sample pretreatment techniques for direct analysis including imaging. Therefore, random and systematic errors altering metrology and originating from the sample pretreatment stages in the widely implemented analytical protocols for environmental sampling determination of actinides are significantly reduced involving the UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS method. The method of quantum chemistry is utilized as well to predict reliably the thermodynamics and nature of U-O bonds in uranium species in gas and condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany,
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Qi X, Zou M, Zhang X, Zhou P, Zhang F. Portable Immuno-Microchip Analyzer for the Determination of Morphine and Its Analogs. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.702181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Optical properties of substituted piperidine containing natural quinolizidine-alkaloids – Theoreticalversusexperimental study. Nat Prod Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.676546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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