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Determination of β 2-Agonist Residues in Fermented Ham Using UHPLC-MS/MS after Enzymatic Digestion and Sulfonic Resin Solid Phase Purification. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052039. [PMID: 36903285 PMCID: PMC10004211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-agonists are a class of synthetic sympathomimetic drugs with acute poisoning effects if consumed as residues in foods. To improve the efficiency of sample preparation and to overcome matrix-dependent signal suppression in the quantitative analysis of four β2-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, salbutamol, and terbutaline) residues in fermented ham, an enzyme digestion coupled cation exchange purification method for sample preparation was established using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Enzymatic digests were subject to cleanup treatment on three different solid phase extraction (SPE) columns and a polymer-based strong cation resin (SCR) cartridge containing sulfonic resin was found to be optimal compared with silica-based sulfonic acid and polymer sulfonic acid resins based SPEs. The analytes were investigated over the linear range of 0.5 to 10.0 μg/kg with recovery rates of 76.0-102.0%, and a relative standard deviation of 1.8-13.3% (n = 6). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.1 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. This newly developed method was applied to the detection of β2-agonist residues in 50 commercial ham products and only one sample was found to contain β2-agonist residues (clenbuterol at 15.2 µg/kg).
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Sánchez JÁ, Blagojevic B, Fürst P, Garin‐Bastuji B, Jensen HE, Paulsen P, Baert K, Barrucci F, Broglia A, Georgiadis M, Hempen M, Hilbert F. Evaluation of public and animal health risks in case of a delayed post-mortem inspection in ungulates. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06307. [PMID: 33304413 PMCID: PMC7716243 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of a 24 or 72-h delay in post-mortem inspection (PMI) of ungulates on public health and monitoring of animal health and welfare was evaluated. The assessment used a survey of meat inspectors, expert opinion, literature search and a stochastic model for Salmonella detection sensitivity. Disease detection sensitivity at a delayed PMI is expected to reduce detection sensitivity to a variable extent, depending on the hazard and on the signs/lesions and organs involved. No reduction is expected for Trichinella detection in meat from susceptible animal species and any decrease in detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) will not exceed the current tolerance for fallen stock. A 24-h delay in PMI could result in a small reduction in sensitivity of detection for tuberculosis, echinococcosis and cysticercosis. A greater reduction is expected for the detection of pyaemia and Rift valley fever. For the detection of Salmonella, the median model estimates are a reduction of sensitivity of 66.5% (90% probability interval (PI) 0.08-99.75%) after 24-h delay and 94% (90% PI 0.83-100%) after 72-h delay of PMI. Laboratory testing for tuberculosis following a sampling delay of 24-72 h could result in no, or a moderate, decrease in detection depending on the method of confirmation used (PCR, culture, histopathology). For chemical contaminants, a delay in meat inspection of 24 or 72 h is expected to have no impact on the effectiveness of detection of persistent organic pollutants and metals. However, for certain pharmacologically active substances, there will be a reduced effectiveness to detect some of these substances due to potential degradation in the available matrices (tissues and organs) and the non-availability of specific preferred matrices of choice.
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Shen PT, Wu YY, Chang YT, Cheng CW, Huang MF, Chen Z, Shiue YL, Liang SS. Quantification of the β 2-Adrenergic Feed Additives Ractopamine and Salbutamol by Reductive Amination-Assisted Modification. J Food Prot 2019; 82:696-702. [PMID: 30917042 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS A reductive amination-assisted method was used to synthesize standards and internal standards of ractopamine and salbutamol. Standard and internal standard analogs were fabricated by isotopic formaldehydes and sodium cyanoborohydride. A quantitative method of modified ractopamine and salbutamol was successfully validated. The reductive amination-assisted method enhances the signal for MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsun Shen
- 1 Health and Technology Center, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-1648 [P.-T.S.])
| | - You-Ying Wu
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- 3 Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ziyu Chen
- 4 Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- 5 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,5 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,6 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Guo P, Wan J, Zhan C, Zhu C, Jiang W, Ke Y, Ding S, Wang D. A simplified sample pretreatment for the rapid determination of 22 β-agonist residues in swine muscle and liver tissues by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Karamolegou F, Dasenaki M, Belessi V, Georgakilas V, Thomaidis N. Multi-Residue Determination of 7 β-Agonists in Liver and Meat Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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A comprehensive theoretical study of structural optimization, interaction energies calculations and solvent effects between ractopamine and functional monomers in molecular imprinting polymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Niño AM, Granja RH, Wanschel AC, Salerno AG. The challenges of ractopamine use in meat production for export to European Union and Russia. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Regal P, Díaz-Bao M, Barreiro R, Vázquez BI, Cepeda A. Confirmation of β-agonist residues in bovine retina and liver using HPLC-MS/MS and evaluation of matrix-dependent problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:598-607. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1271144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mónica Díaz-Bao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rocío Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz I. Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Analysis of beta-agonist residues in bovine hair: Development of a UPLC–MS/MS method and stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gressler V, Franzen AR, de Lima GJ, Tavernari FC, Dalla Costa OA, Feddern V. Development of a readily applied method to quantify ractopamine residue in meat and bone meal by QuEChERS-LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:192-200. [PMID: 26927879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qiu X, Xu XY, Liang Y, Hua Y, Guo H. Fabrication of a molecularly imprinted polymer immobilized membrane with nanopores and its application in determination of β2-agonists in pork samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Ding G, Li D, Qin J, Zhu J, Wang B, Geng Q, Guo M, Punyapitak D, Cao Y. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of ractopamine residue in pork samples by solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. Meat Sci 2015; 106:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Suo D, Zhao G, Wang R, Su X. Determination of ractopamine in animal hair: Application to residue depletion in sheep and residue monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 972:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mauro D, Ciardullo S, Civitareale C, Fiori M, Pastorelli A, Stacchini P, Palleschi G. Development and validation of a multi-residue method for determination of 18 β-agonists in bovine urine by UPLC–MS/MS. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu J, Liu X, Peng Y. Determination of ractopamine in pig hair using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jiang XF, Zhu YH, Liu XY. Identification of ractopamine glucuronides and determination of bioactive ractopamine residues and its metabolites in food animal urine by ELISA, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:29-38. [PMID: 24444392 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.855327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ractopamine glucuronides have been identified in cattle urine sampled by LC-MS/MS. An ELISA method, which was capable of specifically determining (1R, 3R)-ractopamine stereoisomer and its glucuronide metabolites, had more than 100% recovery with an acceptable coefficient of variation in the inter- and intra-assay variation tests for RR-ractopamine. The concentration levels of parent ractopamine and ractopamine glucuronide metabolites as the main components of total ractopamine in cattle and sheep urine showed similar depletion trends, in which the concentration curves increased and reached a climax during the feeding period, and then dropped quickly when entering the withdrawal period. Data from the three methods had very good pair-wise correlations. In the cattle urine samples, the correlation coefficient (R(2)) for parent ractopamine between the ELISA and the LC-MS/MS or GC-MS results were 0.93 or 0.92; R(2) values for parent ractopamine and total ractopamine data measured by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS were 0.9651 and 0.9677, respectively. All R(2) values for data gained from sheep urine samples were >0.95. The study indicated that the close levels of RR-ractopamine stereoisomer in cattle and sheep urine samples may imply the presence of a similar depletion pattern in other livestock, and thus would facilitate an accurate detection and management of ractopamine usage in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Jiang
- a School of Chemistry and Life Science , Guizhou Normal College , Guiyang 550018 , China
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Pleadin J, Vulic A, Persi N, Terzic S, Andrisic M, Zarkovic I, Sandor K, Perak E, Mihaljevic Z. Accumulation of Ractopamine Residues in Hair and Ocular Tissues of Animals during and after Treatment. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37:117-21. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Pleadin J, Vulić A, Perši N, Terzić S, Andrišić M, Žarković I, Šandor K, Perak E. Comparison of ractopamine residue depletion from internal tissues. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:88-92. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.702115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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