Anticancer 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrol-loaded polymeric micelles: Preparation, quantification and pharmacokinetics

Quantitative analysis of necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor by LC-MS/MS and the study of its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability

Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is known as a specific and potent inhibitor of non-apoptotic cell death. In this study, a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method that was developed for the determination of Nec-1 levels in plasma. Meanwhile, it has been used to explore pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Nec-1 among rats. The m/z 260.1→131 was selected as the optimal MRM transition in analyzing Nce-1. The chromatographic separation was performed with SB-C18 analytical column using the optimized gradient elution mode. The extraction recoveries of Nec-1 ranged from 85.40% to 98.25% and the matrix effects were between 94.73% and 99.26%. Both the intra- and inter-day precision did not exceed 10.0%, respectively. Moreover, it is found that Nec-1 remained stable in plasma despite different processing and storage environment. The plasma concentration of Nec-1 was successfully determined among rats who received single dose via intravenous and oral route (5mg/kg), respectively. A two-compartment model was fitted the concentration-time profile of the Nec-1 with C_max 1733μgL^-1 and t_1/2 1.8h for intravenous route, and C_max 648μgL^-1 and t_1/2 1.2h for oral route, respectively. The results showed that absolute bioavailability of Nec-1 was 54.8%. It is promising that the study is helpful to understand in vivo behaviors of Nec-1 and facilitate the future investigations of the compound.

Polymeric micelles: Basic research to clinical practice

Rapidly developing polymeric micelles as potential targeting carriers has intensified the need for better understanding of the underlying principles related to the selection of suitable delivery materials for designing, characterizing, drug loading, improving stability, targetability, biosafety and efficacy. The emergence of advanced analytical tools such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer and dissipative particle dynamics has identified new dimensions of these nanostructures and their behavior in much greater details. This review summarizes recent efforts in the development of polymeric micelles with respect to their architecture, formulation strategy and targeting possibilities along with their preclinical and clinical aspects. Literature of the past decade is discussed critically with special reference to the chemistry involved in the formation and clinical applications of these versatile materials. Thus, our main objective is to provide a timely update on the current status of polymeric micelles highlighting their applications and the important parameters that have led to successful delivery of drugs to the site of action.