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Gély CA, Picard-Hagen N, Chassan M, Garrigues JC, Gayrard V, Lacroix MZ. Contribution of Reliable Chromatographic Data in QSAR for Modelling Bisphenol Transport across the Human Placenta Barrier. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020500. [PMID: 36677565 PMCID: PMC9863378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory measures and public concerns regarding bisphenol A (BPA) have led to its replacement by structural analogues, such as BPAF, BPAP, BPB, BPF, BPP, BPS, and BPZ. However, these alternatives are under surveillance for potential endocrine disruption, particularly during the critical period of fetal development. Despite their structural analogies, these BPs differ greatly in their placental transport efficiency. For predicting the fetal exposure of this important class of emerging contaminants, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were developed to model and predict the placental clearance indices (CI). The most usual input parameters were molecular descriptors obtained by modelling, but for bisphenols (BPs) with structural similarities or heteroatoms such as sulfur, these descriptors do not contrast greatly. This study evaluated and compared the capacity of QSAR models based either on molecular or chromatographic descriptors or a combination of both to predict the placental passage of BPs. These chromatographic descriptors include both the retention mechanism and the peak shape on columns that reflect specific molecular interactions between solute and stationary and mobile phases and are characteristic of the molecular structure of BPs. The chromatographic peak shape such as the asymmetry and tailing factors had more influence on predicting the placental passage than the usual retention parameters. Furthermore, the QSAR model, having the best prediction capacity, was obtained with the chromatographic descriptors alone and met the criteria of internal and cross validation. These QSAR models are crucial for predicting the fetal exposure of this important class of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence A. Gély
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistances (INTHERES), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Malika Chassan
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistances (INTHERES), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Garrigues
- Molecular Interactions and Chemical and Photochemical Reactivity Laboratory (IMRCP), University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Z. Lacroix
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistances (INTHERES), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), National Veterinay School of Toulouse (ENVT), University of Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Guan G, Wang Z, Lv L, Chávez-Madero C, Chen M, Yan Z, Yan S, Wang L, Li Q. Drug release evaluation of Paclitaxel/Poly-L-Lactic acid nanoparticles based on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:57. [PMID: 34762163 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a commonly used drug in the medical field because of its strong anticancer effect. However, it may produce relatively severe side effects (i.e., allergic reactions). A major characteristic of paclitaxel is low solubility in water. Special solvents are used for dissolving paclitaxel and preparing the paclitaxel drugs, while the solvents themselves will cause certain effects. Polyoxyethylene castor oil, for example, can cause severe allergic reactions in some people, and the clinical use is limited. In this study, we developed a new Paclitaxel/Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) nanoparticle drug, which is greatly soluble in water, and carried out in vitro drug sustained release research on it and the original paclitaxel drug. However, because the traditional polymer drug carrier usually uses dialysis bag and thermostatic oscillation system to measure the drug release degree in vitro, the results obtained are greatly different from the actual drug release results in human body. Therefore, this paper adopts the microfluidic chip we previously developed to mimic the human blood vessels microenvironment to study the sustained-release of Paclitaxel/PLLA nanoparticles to make the results closer to the release value in human body. The experimental results showed that compared with the original paclitaxel drug, Paclitaxel/PLLA nanoparticles have a long-sustained release time and a slow drug release, realizing the sustained low-dose release of paclitaxel, a cell cycle-specific anticancer drug, and provided certain reference significance and theoretical basis for the research and development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Guotao Guan
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Lv
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Carolina Chávez-Madero
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica Y Electrónica, Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, México
| | - Mo Chen
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhenhao Yan
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shujie Yan
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics & Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Key Laboratory for Micro Molding Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Ye L, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun L, Fang Z, Deng Q, Qiu M, Zhao J. Development of a three-compartment toxicokinetic model for T-2 toxin in shrimp by blindfold particle swarm optimization algorithm. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111698. [PMID: 33396029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tricothecenes-2 toxin (T-2) is a major mycotoxin that is widely distributed in aquatic feeds and poses a huge challenge to the aquatic industry, but there is scant information on the toxicokinetics of T-2 in aquatic animals. Here, we describe the development of a three-compartment toxicokinetic model for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) of T-2 in shrimp. The three compartments were central (the hemolymph), slow metabolizing and fast metabolizing compartments to account for the varying ADME rates of T-2 in different shrimp organs. The toxicokinetic model was solved by the blindfold particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the values for the model equation parameters were obtained by applying the experimental data of T-2 concentrations in shrimp. The model had a good fit with the experimental data. It was revealed through the model that after i.m. administration, T-2 was rapidly absorbed into the hemolymph and distributed into shrimp organs. The hepatopancreas and intestine belonged to the fast and muscle to the slow metabolizing compartments, respectively, while the hemolymph had no capacity to metabolize T-2. The T-2 elimination rates in the hepatopancreas and intestine were similar and quite high while that in the muscle was very low. The methods used in developing and solving the model could be used for similar toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic studies of other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jiacun Liu
- Faculty of Electrics and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Haddad PR, Taraji M, Szücs R. Prediction of Analyte Retention Time in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 93:228-256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001
| | - Maryam Taraji
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, P.O. Box 197, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Roman Szücs
- Pfizer R&D UK Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yan H, Zheng ZD, Wu HF, Liu XC, Zhou A. A microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC) method for the separation and determination of hydrolyzed tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19108. [PMID: 31836776 PMCID: PMC6910981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenuifolin was used as a reliable chemical marker for the quality control of Radix Polygalae. The determination of tenuifolin is challenging because the analyte molecule lacks a suitable chromophore. The aim of this study was to establish a microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC) method which is robust and sensitive, and can separate and determine tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae using an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion mobile phase. The separations were performed on a C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column at 25 °C using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an ultraviolet detection wavelength of 210 nm. The microemulsion mobile phase comprised 2.8% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 7.0% (v/v) n-butanol, 0.8% (v/v) n-octane and 0.1% (v/v) aqueous orthophosphate buffer (H3PO4). The linearity analysis of tenuifolin showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9923 in the concentration range of 48.00-960.00 µg/mL. The accuracy of the method based on three concentration levels ranged from 96.23% to 99.28%; the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.34 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 6.76 µg/mL. The results of our study indicated that the optimized MELC method was sensitive and robust, and can be widely applied for the separation and determination of tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan-Di Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Chuang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
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Gao S, Chen H, Zhou X. Study on the spectrum-effect relationship of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ligustrum lucidum. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3281-3292. [PMID: 31444949 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the chemical constituents of Ligustrum lucidum in vitro, the spectrum-effect relationship was investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was established by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was tested in vitro by a high-throughput screening method. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis, gray correlation analysis, and partial least squares regression were used to explore the spectrum-effect relationships. Sixty batches of Ligustrum lucidum were collected from 16 provinces for testing. The results revealed differences among the batches of medicinal materials, and the similarity score was between 0.635 and 0.968. Thirty-three characteristic peaks (1-33) were calibrated by fingerprint evaluation software for traditional Chinese medicine. The spectrum-effect relationship study further revealed that the contents of peaks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 17, 25, 28, 31, and 33, which are potentially critical ingredients for quality control of Ligustrum lucidum fruit, were highly correlated with the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Gao
- Key Laboratory for the Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of the Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P. R. China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of the Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P. R. China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of the Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P. R. China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China
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Peris-García E, Pankajkumar-Patel N, Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Oil-In-Water Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1524386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Peris-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Nikita Pankajkumar-Patel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Angel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Samuel Carda-Broch
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló Spain
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Yan J, Li M, Wang XD, Lu ZY, Ni XL. Peperomin E (PepE) protects against high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE -/-) mice through reducing inflammation via the suppression of NLRP3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:862-869. [PMID: 30021379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peperomin E (PepE) is a type of secolignan, a major component of the plant Peperomia dindygulensis. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effects of PepE on human atherosclerosis remain unexplored. In the study, we investigated the role of PepE in high fat diet (HFD) induced atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E defcient (ApoE-/-) mice. Elevated serum homocyteine, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and exacerbated macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesions were observed in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, which were attenuated by PepE treatment. ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD exhibited significantly high levels of inflammation-associated regulators in artery tissues, accompanied with an increased expression of p-inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and the process was blocked by PepE administration. Further, we found NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in artery tissues of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, silencing NLRP3 using small interfering RNA efficiently inhibited oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced ASC and Caspase-1 expressions, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Further experiments indicated that NLRP3-ASC pathway was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), since ROS scavenger of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prevented, which was further reduced by PepE addition. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of PepE on oxLDL-incubated HAECs were abolished by over-expression NLRP3. Together, our study revealed that PepE inhibited atherosclerosis development in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, and suggested that PepE might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Ming Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Zi-Ying Lu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ni
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
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