Outcomes Following Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Using Dedicated Devices in Patients With Mitral Annular Calcification

The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2025 Expert Consensus Document: Surgical management of mitral annular calcification

OBJECTIVE

Surgery for mitral valve disease in patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC) remains challenging. There is no consensus on the ideal management strategy or patient selection, and perioperative and periprocedural morbidity and mortality rates remain high. The recent surge of patients presenting with MAC has been accompanied by increased interest in MAC surgery and interventions. This expert consensus document is meant to provide a simplified outline for managing MAC, including patient selection, imaging, and surgical and transcatheter therapeutic options, with a particular focus on conventional surgical techniques and hybrid approaches.

METHODS

The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Clinical Practice Standards Committee assembled an international panel of cardiac surgeons and structural heart interventionalists with established expertise in the field of MAC. A comprehensive literature review was performed by the panel and a medical librarian. Clinical recommendations were developed utilizing a modified Delphi method.

RESULTS

Expert consensus was reached on 33 recommendations, with class of recommendation and level of evidence, for each of 5 main topics: (1) preoperative evaluation for patients with MAC, patient selection, and indications for intervention; (2) standard surgical techniques in MAC; (3) hybrid procedures in MAC; (4) transcatheter MAC interventions; and (5) complications and bailout of MAC surgery and interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the complexity and heterogenicity of patients presenting with MAC, consensus on several key recommendations was reached by this American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert panel. These recommendations provide guidance for cardiac surgeons and structural heart interventionists in treating most patients who present with MAC.