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Salaghi A, Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Enhanced flocculation of aluminum oxide particles by lignin-based flocculants in dual polymer systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116999. [PMID: 36516704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant phenolic polymer produced vastly in pulping processes that could be further valorized. In this work, anionic (AKLs) and cationic (CKLs) lignin-based polymers were made by polymerizing kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) or [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl-ammonium chloride (METAC), respectively. In the polymerization reactions, various molar ratios of AA or METAC to KL were applied to produce AKLs and CKLs with different characteristics. The produced AKLs and CKLs were used in single and dual systems to flocculate aluminum oxide in suspension. To assess the interaction of these lignin-based polymers with the aluminum oxide particles; the zeta potential, adsorption, and flocculation of the colloidal systems were evaluated comprehensively. The flocculation performance of the lignin-derived polymers was compared with that of the homopolymers of AA and METAC (PAA and PMETAC) and commercially used flocculants. In single polymer systems, among the anionic synthesized polymers and homopolymers, KL-A4 (an AKL) was the best flocculant for the aluminum oxide suspensions owing to its largest molecular weight (330 × 103 g/mol) and highest charge density (-4.2 mmol/g). Remarkably, when KL-A4 and KL-C4 (the CKL with the highest molecular weight and charge density) were used subsequently in a dual polymer system, a larger adsorbed mass and a more viscous adlayer were formed than those of single polymer systems on the surface of aluminum oxide particles. The synergy between KL-A4 and KL-C4 was even stronger than that between homopolymers, which led to more significant adsorption on the aluminum oxide surface and, consequently, more efficient flocculation, producing larger (22 μm) and stronger flocs, regardless of the agitation intensity used in the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Salaghi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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2
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Mechanochemical activation for improving the direct mineral carbonation efficiency and capacity of a timber biomass ash. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu A, Zhao X, Yang C, Wang J, Wang X, Liang W, Zhou L, Teng M, Niu L, Tang Z, Hou G, Wu F. A comparative study on aggregation and sedimentation of natural goethite and artificial Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles in synthetic and natural waters based on extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128876. [PMID: 35468390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural iron oxides nanomaterials have important roles in biogeochemical processes. In this study, the effects of pH, natural organic matter, and cations on aggregation and sedimentation of natural goethite and artificial Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water were investigated to learn more about the environmental behaviors of engineered and natural nanomaterials and how they differ. In addition, a novel extended DLVO theory that considered steric, gravitational, and magnetic attraction forces concurrently was specifically developed to provide mechanisms explanations. Specifically, Fe3O4 NPs were more likely than bulk goethite to aggregate (because of magnetic attraction interactions) at low HA concentrations and disperse at high HA concentrations. Besides, goethite was less prone to settle with the same concentration of NaCl than Fe3O4 NPs, but the opposite trend was found for the same concentration of CaCl2 because of the difference in maximum net energy (barrier) and strong Ca2+ bridging effectiveness of goethite in CaCl2 solution. Statistical models were established to evaluate colloidal stability of the particles. XPS and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that ions were adsorbed onto particles via ionic polarization and that the binding free energies at high coverage followed the order Ca2+ > Na+ > Cl- and presence of cation bridging between particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Wu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guoqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Alkali Recovery of Bauxite Residue by Calcification. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bauxite residue (red mud) generated during alumina production is a highly alkaline solid waste. The red mud is mainly stored on land, but it can cause harm to the surrounding environment and human health. The transformation of red mud into soil is a feasible method for the large-scale disposal of red mud, but alkali removal is the key process that controls the transformation of red mud into soil. In this study, the calcification dealkalization of red mud with a small particle size was carried out below 100 °C. The results show that the sodium in red mud is predominately distributed in small particles, mainly because the lattice alkali and alkali present between the crystals are exposed to the surface of red mud particles by ball milling. The dealkalization process was controlled by the internal diffusion of the shrinking-core model (SCM), and the apparent activation energy was 23.55 kJ/mol. The dealkalization rate and the Na2O content of dealkalized red mud reached 92.44% and 0.61%, respectively. The dealkalization rate increased with increasing reaction time, reactant concentration, and leaching temperature, and this result was consistent with the results of the kinetic study. In addition, calcification enhances the flocculation of particles, so the filtration performance of red mud improved.
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Zeng H, Tang H, Sun W, Wang L. Strengthening Solid–liquid Separation of Bauxite Residue through the Synergy of Charge Neutralization and Flocculation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Feng L, Li X, Wang Z, Liu B, Chen Y, Zheng H. A microblock structure type of anionic flocculant for hematite wastewater treatment: template copolymerization mechanism and enhanced flocculation effect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1933-1947. [PMID: 32862344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel anionic template polymer (TPAS) with microblock structure was prepared by ultraviolet light (UV)-assisted template copolymerization (UV-TP). Acrylamide (AM) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) were selected as monomers and polypropylene ammonium chloride (PAAC) was chosen as the template. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) were used to characterize the polymer chemical structure. The results showed that the attractive anionic microblock structure was formed in TPAS. Besides, the association constant (KM) and template reaction kinetics analysis results indicated that the polymerization reaction followed I (ZIP) template copolymerization mechanism. It proved the microblock structure formation again. The anionic microblock structure in TPAM could greatly improve the ability of charge neutralization, electrical patching, and bridging. After the hematite wastewater was conditioned by TPAS with this novel anionic microblock structure, the generated hematite flocs had larger particle size and denser structure. It was favorable for the reduction of turbidity, and the turbidity removal rate could reach 97.8%. TPAS showed excellent flocculation performance for hematite wastewater and had a broad market application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuhao Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zizeng Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuning Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Ferraro G, Jadhav AJ, Barigou M. A Henry's law method for generating bulk nanobubbles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15869-15879. [PMID: 32696779 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for generating bulk nanobubble suspensions has been developed based on Henry's law which states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. This principle which forms the basis of vacuum degasification has been exploited here to produce stable bulk nanobubbles in excess of 109 bubble mL-1 in pure water, through successive expansion/compression strokes inside a sealed syringe. We provide evidence that the observed nano-entities must be gas-filled nanobubbles by showing that: (i) they cannot be attributed to organic or inorganic impurities; (ii) they disappear gradually over time whilst their mean size remains unchanged; (iii) their number density depends on the concentration of dissolved gas in water and its solubility; and (iv) added sparging of gas enhances process yield. We study the properties of these nanobubbles including the effects of type of dissolved gas, water pH and the presence of different valence salts on their number density and stability. Given the potential of the technique for large scale production of nanobubble suspensions, we describe a successfully tested automated model and outline the basis for process scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferraro
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Li C, Tang L, Jiang J, Zhu F, Zhou J, Xue S. Alkalinity neutralization and structure upgrade of bauxite residue waste via synergistic pyrolysis with biomass. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 93:41-47. [PMID: 32446458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bauxite residues, a large volume solid waste, are in urgent need of effective disposal and management. Especially, strategies to alleviate the high alkalinity of bauxite residue remain a big challenge. Here, we developed a synergistic pyrolysis to neutralize the alkalinity of bauxite residue and upgrade the structure of biomass simultaneously. By cooperating the catalytic feature from bauxite residue, rice straw, a cellulose-enriched biomass, could prefer to produce acidic components under a hypothermal pyrolysis temperature (below 250 °C) and partial oxygen-contained atmosphere as evidenced by the synchronous TGA-FTIR analysis. In return, these in-situ produced acidic components neutralized the bauxite residue profoundly (pH decreased from 11.5 to 7.2) to obtain a neutral product with long-term water leaching stability. Also, a higher pyrolysis temperature led to neutral biochar-based products with well-defined carbonization characteristics. Thus, the biomass-driven pyrolysis strategy provides a potential to dispose the alkalinity issue of bauxite residue and further opportunities for the sustainable reuse and continuing management of bauxite residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lu Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jingju Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Abstract
Red mud (RM) is a by-product of extracting of alumina from bauxite. Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to be utilized owing to their particle size and alkalinity. Thus, developing an economical and efficient technology to consume a large amount of RM can efficiently solve RM disposal issues. This paper systematically reviews the comprehensive utilization methods for reducing RM environmental pollution and divides the comprehensive utilization of RM into three aspects: the effective extraction of valuable components, resource transformation, and environmental application. Based on resource, economic, and environmental benefits, the development of new technologies and new processes with market competitiveness, environmental protection, and ecological balance should be the prerequisite for the low-energy, low-pollution, low-cost, and high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of RM. The direction of future research to solve RM disposal issues is also suggested.
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Abstract
Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste produced in large amounts during alumina extraction from bauxite. Its disposal generates serious environmental pollution due to high alkalinity. Therefore, a strategy for the effective utilization of RM must be developed. For instance, RM may be transformed into useful products, such as adsorbents. Given its high concentrations of aluminum oxides, iron oxides, titanium oxides, silica oxides, and hydroxides, RM may be developed as a cheap adsorbent for the removal of various ions from aqueous solution and soils (e.g., metal and non-metal ions, phenolic compounds, and dyes) and waste gas purification (sulfide and carbide). This review summarizes the background, properties, and applications of RM as an adsorbent. Proper approaches of removing metal and non-metal elements from wastewater are also systematically reviewed and compared. Emphasis is placed on the surface modification of RM to obtain high adsorption. Finally, the scope for future research in this area for RM is discussed in depth.
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Ke S, Xiao W, Quan N, Dong Y, Zhang L, Hu J. Formation and Stability of Bulk Nanobubbles in Different Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5250-5256. [PMID: 30909695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The existence of bulk nanobubbles is still controversial in spite of their significance in a large range of applications. Here, we developed a new method of compression-decompression to produce controllably bulk nanobubbles. Then, we further investigated the generation of bulk nanobubbles in pure water, acid, alkaline, and salt solutions using nanoparticle tracking analysis. The results indicated that the concentration of bulk nanobubbles depends on the decompression time and would reach a maximum value when the decompression time is about 30 min for the pure water system. More importantly, we gave a relatively direct evidence of the existence of bulk nanobubbles by measuring the X-ray fluorescence intensity of Kr in acid, alkaline, and salt solutions. It is shown that the decrease tendency in intensity of Kr in alkaline solution is similar to that in the concentration of bulk nanobubbles with the deposited time, indicating that the bulk nanobubbles produced indeed have gas inside. Furthermore, the concentration and stability of bulk nanobubbles in an alkaline solution are greatest compared with other two solutions regardless of gas types. The concentration of bulk nanobubbles will decrease in the order alkaline > acid/pure water > salt solutions. We believe that our results should be very helpful in understanding the formation and stability of bulk nanobubbles in different solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ke
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
- Life and Environment Science College , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
- School of Resources Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , China
| | - Nannan Quan
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
- Life and Environment Science College , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Yaming Dong
- Life and Environment Science College , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
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Abstract
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) via mineral carbonation is an effective method for long-term storage of carbon dioxide and combating climate change. Implemented at a large-scale, it provides a viable solution to harvesting and storing the modern crisis of GHGs emissions. To date, technological and economic barriers have inhibited broad-scale utilisation of mineral carbonation at industrial scales. This paper outlines the mineral carbonation process; discusses drivers and barriers of mineral carbonation deployment in Australian mining; and, finally, proposes a unique approach to commercially viable CCUS within the Australian mining industry by integrating mine waste management with mine site rehabilitation, and leveraging relationships with local coal-fired power station. This paper discusses using alkaline mine and coal-fired power station waste (fly ash, red mud, and ultramafic mine tailings, i.e., nickel, diamond, PGE (platinum group elements), and legacy asbestos mine tailings) as the feedstock for CCUS to produce environmentally benign materials, which can be used in mine reclamation. Geographical proximity of mining operations, mining waste storage facilities and coal-fired power stations in Australia are identified; and possible synergies between them are discussed. This paper demonstrates that large-scale alkaline waste production and mine site reclamation can become integrated to mechanise CCUS. Furthermore, financial liabilities associated with such waste management and site reclamation could overcome many of the current economic setbacks of retrofitting CCUS in the mining industry. An improved approach to commercially viable climate change mitigation strategies available to the mining industry is reviewed in this paper.
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