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Sagisaka M, Darmanin T, Guittard F, Eastoe J. New fluorine-free low surface energy surfactants and surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 690:137229. [PMID: 40112528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 03/01/2025] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Modification and control of surface properties, such as surface tension γ at air-liquid (AL) interfaces and surface energy at solid-liquid (SL) surfaces, are at the heart of colloid and interface science. Certain applications require low or very low surface tensions γAL and surface energies γSL, for example and not limited to: microemulsification, aqueous foams for fire-fighting, hydrophobic, superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces to control spreading and wetting of aqueous and oily liquids on solids. In many cases low surface tensions/energies can only be obtained by employing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as surfactant or polymer additives or surface treatments. Although fluorocarbons and polymers have been employed for over 80 years, with many industrial and commercial benefits, it is now recognized that PFAS are very hazardous to the environment and health. Hence, in the coming years it will be necessary to phase out PFAS entirely, however, at present, there are very few viable alternatives available. This article outlines the chemical principles for designing F-free low surface energy (LSE) additives, and also covers the most recent advances in the quest for non-fluorinated surfactants and polymeric surface coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Sagisaka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | | | | | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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Diouf K, Diouf A, Dramé A, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Soft-Template Electropolymerization from Triphenylamine-Based Monomers: From Vertically Aligned Nanotubes to Nanomembranes. ChemistryOpen 2025:e202500050. [PMID: 40165736 DOI: 10.1002/open.202500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
We report a bioinspired approach to tune surface nanostructures by soft-template electropolymerization in micellar condition. Monomers highly favoring π-stacking interactions are particularly interesting for depositing in one direction resulting in vertically aligned nanotubes. Here, for inducing very strong π-stacking interactions, a triphenylamine building block was selected and substituted by two substituents of different electronegativity (fluorine F and methoxy OMe). These synthons were di-substituted with various fully conjugated thiophene and carbazole derivatives. Here, all the monomers have high electrodeposition capacity except the monomers with thiophene in 3-position. Confirming previous works, electrochemical analyses in the electrodeposited films show the presence of monomers but with significant difference as a function of the used monomer. The surface structures are highly depending on the monomer structure while the depositions at constant potential lead to more ordered structures. With some of these monomers, densely packed nanotubes are created and their merger at high deposition charge, leading to nanomembranes. Their hydrophobicity and oleophobicity are also investigated and extremely various. Such materials could be used in the future in practical applications such as in oil/water separation membranes or in water-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khady Diouf
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Chimie, B.P. 5005, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alioune Diouf
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Chimie, B.P. 5005, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Dramé
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Chimie, B.P. 5005, Dakar, Sénégal
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Sima W, Chen X, Sun P, Yuan T, Yang M, Pang W, Li Z, Fu N, Tang X. High-performance insulating materials with high breakdown strength and low permittivity for eco-friendly electrical equipment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 680:2-8. [PMID: 39488895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
High-performance insulating materials are essential for developing lightweight, compact, and green offshore wind power equipment. It has been shown that nanoporous structures can limit the development of electron avalanche, leading to a significant increase in the breakdown electric strength of dielectrics. Hence, we fabricated a polysiloxane nanoporous biopolymer insulating material (PNBIM) with the nanoporous structure that presents exceptionally high electrically insulating properties. Under a CO2 atmosphere, the breakdown electric strength of the PNBIM was remarkably improved, exhibiting 761.01 % enhancement relative to that of the pure gas gap. Moreover, the PNBIM demonstrates excellent dielectric performance, with a low dielectric constant (1.63) and dielectric loss (0.014), as well as high hydrophobicity and excellent thermal stability. The investigations revealed that the nanopores inside the material can effectively suppress gas discharge and improve the breakdown electric strength. This study widens our understanding of conventional insulating materials and provides a promising approach for exploring high-performance insulating materials provide valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Sima
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Potao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninglong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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Possetto D, Pecnikaj I, Marzari G, Orlandi S, Sereno S, Cavazzini M, Pozzi G, Fungo F. Influence of Polyfluorinated Side Chains and Soft-Template Method on the Surface Morphologies and Hydrophobic Properties of Electrodeposited Films from Fluorene Bridged Dicarbazole Monomers. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200371. [PMID: 36073234 PMCID: PMC10091753 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A clear case of relationship between the monomer molecular structure and the capability of tuning the morphology of electrodeposited gas bubbles template polymer thin films is shown. To this end, a series of fluorene-bridged dicarbazole derivatives containing either linear or terminally branched polyfluorinated side chains connected to the fluorene subunit were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were investigated. The new compounds underwent electrochemical polymerization over indium tin oxide electrodes to give hydrophobic films with nanostructural and morphological properties strongly dependent on the nature of the side chains. Gas bubbles templated electropolymerization was next achieved by the addition of tiny amounts of water to the monomer solutions, without using surfactants. Within the investigated set of molecules, the nanostructural properties of the soft-templated films obtained from monomers bearing linear side chains could be fine-tuned by adjusting electrochemical parameters, leading to superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Possetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Ilir Pecnikaj
- University of Medicine TiranaDepartment of PharmacyRruga e Dibrës Nr. 371AL1005TiranëAlbania
| | - Gabriela Marzari
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Silvia Sereno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Fernando Fungo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
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Wu P, Liu G, Li X, Peng Z, Zhou Q, Qi T, Wang Y, Shen L, Fang H, Wang Y. Multilayer adsorption improving the organic removal by foam flotation from sodium aluminate solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fradin C, Guittard F, Perepichka IF, Darmanin T. Soft-template electropolymerization of 3,4-(2,3-naphtylenedioxy)thiophene-2-acetic acid esters favoring dimers: Controlling the surface nanostructure by side ester groups. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sow S, Dihissou S, Dramé A, Sene A, Orange F, Dieng SY, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Tunable Nanoporous Structures with Rose Petal Effect by Soft‐Template Electropolymerization of Benzotrithiophene Monomers. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salif Sow
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Abdoulaye Dramé
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aboubacary Sene
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - François Orange
- Université Côte d'Azur Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA) 06200 Nice France
| | - Samba Yandé Dieng
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
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Fradin C, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Highly conjugated carbazole-based monomers for the control of nanotubular surface structures by soft template electropolymerization. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a bioinspired approach is used to prepare nanotubular structures with tunable hydrophobicity and water adhesion by a soft template surfactant-free electropolymerization in organic solvent. Various highly conjugated carbazole-based molecules are used as monomer. The presence of water in the organic solvent enables the formation of porous and rough nanostructures. Their shapes depend essentially on the nature of the monomer and the way it polymerizes. Various morphologies were obtained from nanoparticles network to horizontally or vertically aligned nanotubes. The nanostructured surfaces reach superhydrophobic properties and their dynamical behavior varies with the monomer from sticky to slippery. For example, using 9,3′:6′,9″-tercarbazole (TC) very long nanotubes are observed but their number is higher at constant potential. At high deposition charge, it is observed that most of the tubes are even collapsed leading to a strong increase of surface hydrophobicity with apparent contact angle up to 143° with strong water adhesion comparable to rose petals or gecko foot.
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Fradin C, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Designing Tunable Omniphobic Surfaces by Controlling the Electropolymerization Sites of Carbazole‐Based Monomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A bioinspired approach to fabricate fluorescent nanotubes with strong water adhesion by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:236-247. [PMID: 34390991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In this original work, we aim to control both the surface wetting and fluorescence properties of extremely ordered and porous conducting polymer nanotubes prepared by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. For reaching this aim, various substituents of different hydrophobicity and fluorescence were post-grafted and the post-grafting yields were evaluated by surface analyses. We show that the used polymer is already fluorescent before post-grafting while the post-grafting yield and as a consequence the surface hydrophobicity highly depend on the substituent. EXPERIMENTS Here, we have chosen to chemically grafting various fluorinated and aromatic substituents using a post-grafting in order to keep the same surface topography. Flat conducting polymer surfaces with similar properties have been also prepared for determining the surface energy with the Owens-Wendt equation and estimating the post-grafting yield by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Emission Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For example, using fluorinated chains of various length (C4F9, C6F13 and C8F17), it is demonstrated that the surface hydrophobicity and oleophobicity do not increase with the fluorinated chain length due to the different post-grafting yields and because of the presence of nanoroughness after post-grafting. FINDINGS These surfaces have high apparent water contact angle up to 130.5° but also strong water adhesion, comparable to rose petal effect even if there are no nanotubes on petal surface. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses provided a detailed characterisation of the surface chemistry with a qualitative classification of the grafted surfaces (F6 > F4 > F8). SEM analysis shows that grafting does not alter the surface morphology. Finally, fluorescence analyses show that the polymer surfaces before post-treatment are already nicely fluorescent. Although the main goal of this paper was and is to understand the role of surface chemistry in tailoring the wetting properties of these surfaces rather than provide specific application examples, we believe that the obtained results can help the development of specific nanostructured materials for potential applications in liquid transport, or in stimuli responsive antimicrobial surfaces.
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Souri Z, Alizadeh S, Nematollahi D, Mazloum-Ardakani M, Karami A. A green and template-free electropolymerization of imipramine. The decoration of sponge-like polymer film with gold nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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