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Costa-Valle MT, Gomes JF, De Oliveira CR, Scherer A, Franco De Oliveira SCWDSE, Menezes RCR, Leal MB, Romão PRT, Dallegrave E. Energy drinks and alcohol in a binge drinking protocol in Wistar rats: Male and female behavioral and reproductive effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173487. [PMID: 36341912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of energy drinks is common among adolescents and young adults. The possible effects (mainly behavioral and reproductive) of ingestion in this population remain unknown. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and reproductive effects of energy drinks and their main constituents (caffeine and taurine), as well as their combinations with alcohol, via a binge drinking protocol in male and female Wistar rats during puberty. In this study, 100 male and 100 female rats were treated with a binge drinking protocol 3 days a week over 4 weeks from postnatal day (PND) 28 to PND 60, which included 10 mL/kg by oral gavage of distilled water, energy drink, caffeine (3.2 mg/kg), taurine (40 mg/kg), and their combinations with alcohol (2 g/kg). The animals were evaluated by behavioral tests from PND 56 to PND 60 (open field, plus maze and object recognition) and reproductive parameters (estrous cycle regularity, weight of sexual organs, oocyte quality, spermatid and sperm count, sperm morphology and testosterone level). Locomotor activity was increased in females in the groups combined with alcohol (except alcohol + caffeine) and in the caffeine group. Long-term memory was increased in males in the caffeine and taurine groups even when combined with alcohol. The combination of energy drinks and alcohol did not have significant effects on the reproductive parameters of either sex of rats during puberty. We concluded that energy drinks (and their main constituents) and alcohol combinations did not cause alterations in reproductive profiles, and locomotor activity and long-term memory were increased in females and males, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tuerlinckx Costa-Valle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia (LAPETOX), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fank Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia (LAPETOX), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia (LAPETOX), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Scherer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia (LAPETOX), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Câmara Rocha Menezes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Neurocomportamental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia (LAPETOX), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Halder N, Lal G. Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660342. [PMID: 33936095 PMCID: PMC8082108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. These molecules are involved in regulating immune response and playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Most innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal inputs by releasing or expressing these molecules on their surfaces. Dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication may lead to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors have been developed to target the cholinergic system to control inflammation in different tissues. This review discusses how various molecules of the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) interact with the immune cells. What are the agonists and antagonists that alter the cholinergic system, and how are these molecules modulate inflammation and immunity. Understanding the various functions of pharmacological molecules could help in designing better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Halder
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Liu S, Gu X, Zhu L, Wu G, Zhou H, Song Y, Wu C. Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on perioperative immune response in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5479. [PMID: 27930529 PMCID: PMC5266001 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on perioperative immune response in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.Sixty patients with cervical cancer scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical hysterectomy under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. TIVA group received propofol induction and maintenance and SEVO group received sevoflurane induction and maintenance. Blood samples were collected at 30 min before induction (T0); the end of the operation (T1); and 24 h (T2), 48 h (T3), and 72 h (T4) after operation. The T lymphocyte subsets (including CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ cells) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, natural killer (NK) cells, and B lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry.After surgery, all immunological indicators except CD8+ cells were significantly decreased in both groups compared to basal levels in T0, and the counts of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, NK cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly lower in the SEVO groups than that in the TIVA group. However, the numbers of B cells were comparable at all the time points between 2 groups.Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer is associated with postoperative lymphopenia. In terms of protecting circulating lymphocytes, propofol is superior to sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Guannan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Women and Children's Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congyou Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
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Jia L, Dong R, Zhang F, Wang W, Lu H, Luo Y, Xue Q, Yu B. Propofol Provides More Effective Protection for Circulating Lymphocytes Than Sevoflurane in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Impact of anesthesia for cancer surgery: Continuing Professional Development. Can J Anaesth 2013; 60:1248-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-013-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Costa P, Nunes N, Belmonte E, Moro J, Lopes P. Hematologic changes in propofol-anesthetized dogs with or without tramadol administration. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs commonly used in anesthesia practice may significantly alter the oxidative state of blood cells. This mechanism could contribute to the immune suppression that occurs transiently in the early postoperative period. Thus, we assessed the effects of continuous rate infusion (CRI) of propofol associated or not with tramadol on hematologic parameters in dogs. Eight adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions, 15 d apart. Two groups were formed: control group (CG) and tramadol group (GT). Propofol was used for induction (10mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.7mg kg-1minute-1). The animals were positioned in lateral recumbency and mechanically ventilated with inspired oxygen fraction of 0.6. In TG, tramadol (2mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.5mg kg-1minute-1) was administered in dogs. In the CG the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 0.9% was administered followed by its CRI, in the same volume that was used in TG. The measurement was taken before anesthesia induction (Tbasal), 30 minutes after induction (T0) and then at 30-minute intervals (T30 to T60). Red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoblogin concentration and total leukocytes count decreased from T0 in both groups. In TG, lymphocytes count at Tbasal [1.86 (0.82) x103µl-1] was greater than at T0, T30 and T60 [0.96(0.50), 0.92(0.48) and 0.95(0.48) x103µl-1, respectively]. No significant differences were observed for platelets neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte count. In dogs, propofol-anesthesia associated or not with tramadol promoted decrease in blood cell count and should be used with caution in immunossupressed patients.
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Rafique MB, Cameron SD, Khan Q, Biliciler S, Zubair S. Anesthesia for children with mitochondrial disorders: a national survey and review. J Anesth 2012; 27:186-91. [PMID: 23007905 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders. Patients with such diseases often need general anesthesia for diagnostic procedures and surgery; guidelines are lacking for the anesthetic care of these patients. METHODS We conducted a survey to investigate the current practices of pediatric anesthesiologists in the US in order to determine and document current practice. The survey consisted of twenty questions, including two demographic questions. A link to the survey was sent via email to members of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (2440), and was available online for 14 weeks. RESULTS Only 503 completed the survey: a response rate of 20.61 %. Among the responders, 93.2 % had children with mitochondrial disorders among their patients, but only 11 % had institutional guidelines for such cases in place. Among the responders, 80.3 % used the standard nil per os (NPO) status guidelines, while the rest give intravenous dextrose solution once NPO was in effect. Only 18.3 % took precautions for malignant hyperthermia during treatment. The majority of the practitioners chose sevoflurane as the safest inhaled agent for induction and maintenance (89.7 and 78.5 %, respectively). Regional anesthesia was deemed safe by 97.3 % of the responders. Lactated Ringer's solution was considered safe for these children by 49 %; only 47.8 % used dextrose-containing fluids for fluid replacement. The blood glucose was monitored by 72.7 %, and the majority (85 %) of this monitoring was done in a postanesthesia care unit. CONCLUSION Although the response rate was low, the majority of the responders provide care to these children routinely, so it can be inferred that the results of this survey are the closest published results to the true trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad B Rafique
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas-Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 5.020, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Manganelli V, Signore M, Pacini I, Misasi R, Tellan G, Garofalo T, Lococo E, Chirletti P, Sorice M, Delogu G. Increased HMGB1 expression and release by mononuclear cells following surgical/anesthesia trauma. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:R197. [PMID: 21044333 PMCID: PMC3220009 DOI: 10.1186/cc9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key mediator of inflammation that is actively secreted by macrophages and/or passively released from damaged cells. The proinflammatory role of HMGB1 has been demonstrated in both animal models and humans, since the severity of inflammatory response is strictly related to serum HMGB1 levels in patients suffering from traumatic insult, including operative trauma. This study was undertaken to investigate HMGB1 production kinetics in patients undergoing major elective surgery and to address how circulating mononuclear cells are implicated in this setting. Moreover, we explored the possible relationship between HMGB1 and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS Forty-seven subjects, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, scheduled for major abdominal procedures, were enrolled. After intravenous medication with midazolam (0.025 mg/Kg), all patients received a standard general anesthesia protocol, by thiopentone sodium (5 mg/Kg) and fentanyl (1.4 μg/Kg), plus injected Vecuronium (0.08 mg/Kg). Venous peripheral blood was drawn from patients at three different times, t(0): before surgery, t(1): immediately after surgical procedure; t(2): at 24 hours following intervention. Monocytes were purified by incubation with anti-CD14-coated microbeads, followed by sorting with a magnetic device. Cellular localization of HMGB1 was investigated by flow cytometry assay; HMGB1 release in the serum by Western blot. Serum samples were tested for IL-6 levels by ELISA. A one-way repeated-measures analysis ANOVA was performed to assess differences in HMGB1 concentration over time, in monocytes and serum. RESULTS We show that: a) cellular expression of HMGB1 in monocytes at t(1) was significantly higher as compared to t(0); b) at t(2), a significant increase of HMGB1 levels was found in the sera of patients. Such an increase was concomitant to a significant down-regulation of cellular HMGB1, suggesting that the release of HMGB1 might partially derive from mononuclear cells; c) treatment of monocytes with HMGB1 induced in vitro the release of IL-6; d) at t(2), high amounts of circulating IL-6 were detected as compared to t(0). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that surgical/anesthesia trauma is able to induce an early intracellular upregulation of HMGB1 in monocytes of surgical patients, suggesting that HMGB1 derives, at least partially, from monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy
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Propofol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 339:43-54. [PMID: 20039104 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Propofol has been reported to protect vascular endothelial cells against oxidative stress and dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we studied hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and especially, their modulation by propofol. HUVECs were treated with different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mM) of H(2)O(2) for different times (1, 3, and 6 h). Then HUVECs were pretreated with different concentrations of propofol (10, 25, and 50 microM), followed by H(2)O(2) treatment (0.5 mM, 3 h). In another set of experiments, we pretreated cells with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, followed by H(2)O(2) treatment (0.5 mM, 3 h). After treatment, oxidative stress, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, transcription factor NF-kappaB activation, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, and monocyte adhesion were measured. We observed H(2)O(2) treatment significantly induced oxidative stress, which could be attenuated by 25 microM propofol pretreatment. In addition, H(2)O(2) treatment significantly induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation, NOS expression, and NO production. More importantly, our study showed these H(2)O(2)-induced changes were attenuated by propofol or SB203580 pretreatment. Further, we measured monocyte adhesion as a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. H(2)O(2) increased the adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs, and propofol pretreatment reduced the adhesion in a fashion similar to SB203580. We concluded that propofol, by inhibiting p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activity, decreasing NOS expression, reducing NO production, could protect HUVECs which are exposed to oxidative stress and becoming dysfunctional.
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Shiratsuchi H, Kouatli Y, Yu GX, Marsh HM, Basson MD. Propofol inhibits pressure-stimulated macrophage phagocytosis via the GABAA receptor and dysregulation of p130cas phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1400-10. [PMID: 19357231 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00345.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surgical stress and anesthesia result in systemic immunosuppression. Propofol, a commonly used anesthetic agent, alters immune cell functions. Previously, we demonstrated that extracellular pressure increases macrophage phagocytosis. We hypothesized that propofol might influence pressure-induced macrophage phagocytosis in monocytes from patients undergoing surgery. Pressure (20 mmHg above ambient pressure) augmented phagocytosis in monocytes from non-propofol-anesthetized patients but reduced phagocytosis in monocytes from propofol-anesthetized patients. In vitro, propofol stimulated phagocytosis but reversed pressure-induced phagocytosis in THP-1 macrophages and monocytes from healthy volunteers. The GABA(A) receptor antagonists picrotoxin and SR-95531 did not affect basal THP-1 phagocytosis or prevent pressure-stimulated phagocytosis. However, picrotoxin and SR-95531 negated the inhibitory effect of pressure in propofol-treated cells without altering propofol-induced phagocytosis. Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein p130cas was inversely related to phagocytosis: it was inhibited by pressure or propofol but increased by pressure + propofol compared with propofol alone. Reduction of p130cas by small interfering RNA in THP-1 macrophages increased basal phagocytosis and prevented pressure and propofol effects. In conclusion, propofol may alter macrophage responses to pressure via the GABA(A) receptor and p130cas, whereas pressure also acts via p130cas but independently of GABA(A) receptors. p130cas may be an important target for modulation of macrophage function in anesthetized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Shiratsuchi
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Kolios G, Kotzampassi K, Manousou P, Paramythiotis D, Papanastasiou H, Drygiannakis I, Notas G, Tsagarakis N, Eleftheriadis E, Kouroumalis E. Enteral nutrition affects nitric oxide production in peripheral blood and liver after a postoperative lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rats. Nutrition 2007; 23:575-81. [PMID: 17560081 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a common complication in the early postoperative period, leading to the augmentation of oxidative and nitrosative stresses. The present study investigated the role of enteral nutrition on nitric oxide (NO) production after a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia as an index of nitrosative stress. METHODS Fifty rats were subjected to midline laparotomy and feeding gastrostomy. Ten rats served as controls after recovering from operative stress. The remaining rats received, through gastrostomy, enteral nutrition or placebo feeding for 24 h, after which they were injected intraperitoneally with LPS or equal volume of saline. Two hours later blood and liver tissue were collected. NO production was quantified in serum samples and homogenates of liver tissue by a modification of Griess's reaction. NO synthase (NOS) mRNA expression was examined in homogenate of liver tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The operation significantly increased basal NO production in rat serum. LPS induced a further significant increase of NO levels. Enteral feeding of rats significantly decreased NO levels in both groups. In contrast, enteral nutrition was found to increase significantly NO levels in liver homogenates from rats treated with LPS. A constitutive endothelial NOS mRNA expression was found in liver tissue, whereas LPS administration induced inducible NOS mRNA expression in liver tissue regardless of enteral feeding. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that early enteral feeding leads to a reduction in circulating NO levels induced by operation and endotoxemia, but increases hepatic NO levels in endotoxemia probably by the effect of LPS-induced inducible NOS on the increased L-arginine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kolios
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Nouette-Gaulain K, Quinart A, Letellier T, Sztark F. [Mitochondria in anaesthesia and intensive care]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 26:319-33. [PMID: 17349772 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism within the cell through the oxidative phosphorylation. They are also involved in many cellular processes like apoptosis, calcium signaling or reactive oxygen species production. The objectives of this review are to understand the interactions between mitochondrial metabolism and anaesthetics or different stress situations observed in ICU and to know the clinical implications. DATA SOURCES References were obtained from PubMed data bank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) using the following keywords: mitochondria, anaesthesia, anaesthetics, sepsis, preconditioning, ischaemia, hypoxia. DATA SYNTHESIS Mitochondria act as a pharmacological target for the anaesthetic agents. The effects can be toxic like in the case of the local anaesthetics-induced myotoxicity. On the other hand, beneficial effects are observed in the anaesthetic-induced myocardial preconditioning. Mitochondrial metabolism could be disturbed in many critical situations (sepsis, chronic hypoxia, ischaemia-reperfusion injury). The study of the underlying mechanisms should allow to propose in the future new specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nouette-Gaulain
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation I, CHU Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Shiihara T, Kato M, Ichiyama T, Takahashi Y, Tanuma N, Miyata R, Hayasaka K. Acute encephalopathy with refractory status epilepticus: bilateral mesial temporal and claustral lesions, associated with a peripheral marker of oxidative DNA damage. J Neurol Sci 2006; 250:159-61. [PMID: 16935306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 12-year-old girl, who had been medicated with theophylline for bronchial asthma and developed acute encephalopathy with refractory status epilepticus, showing bilateral mesial temporal and claustral lesions, which were evident on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, obtained with 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging. To date, oxidative stress has been implicated in aging or various disorders, including inflammatory or degenerative neurological disorders. One of the oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, was increased in our patient's cerebro-spinal fluid, plasma and urine. We speculate that augmented oxidative stress was associated with refractory status epilepticus in our patient, accompanying bilateral mesial temporal, claustral lesions and severe neuronal damage. Serial measurements of oxidative stress markers in acute encephalitis, encephalopathy, or status epilepticus could clarify the relationships between acute brain damage and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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Abstract
Singer and Glynne present evidence to suggest that the short- term benefits of many interventions for treating critical illness may camouflage an underlying tendency to cause harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom.
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