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Pastore MC, Campora A, Mandoli GE, Lisi M, Benfari G, Ilardi F, Malagoli A, Sperlongano S, Henein MY, Cameli M, D'Andrea A. Stress echocardiography in heart failure patients: additive value and caveats. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:1117-1133. [PMID: 39060836 PMCID: PMC11306652 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by well-defined signs and symptoms due to structural and/or myocardial functional impairment, resulting in raised intracardiac pressures and/or inadequate cardiac stroke volume at rest or during exercise. This could derive from direct ischemic myocardial injury or other chronic pathological conditions, including valvular heart disease (VHD) and primary myocardial disease. Early identification of HF etiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and initiation of early and appropriate treatment. Thus, the presence of accurate means for early diagnosis of HF symptoms or subclinical phases is fundamental, among which echocardiography being the first line diagnostic investigation. Echocardiography could be performed at rest, to identify overt structural and functional abnormalities or during physical or pharmacological stress, in order to elicit subclinical myocardial function impairment e.g. wall motion abnormalities and raised ventricular filling pressures. Beyond diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, stress echocardiography (SE) has recently shown its unique value for the evaluation of diastolic heart failure, VHD, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and pulmonary hypertension, with recommendations from international societies in several clinical settings. All these features make SE an important additional tool, not only for diagnostic assessment, but also for prognostic stratification and therapeutic management of patients with HF. In this review, the unique value of SE in the evaluation of HF patients will be described, with the objective to provide an overview of the validated methods for each setting, particularly for HF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Campora
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Lisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease - AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malagoli
- Division of Cardiology, Nephro-Cardiovascular Department, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
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2
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Bernhard B, Ge Y, Antiochos P, Heydari B, Islam S, Sanchez Santiuste N, Steel KE, Bingham S, Mikolich JR, Arai AE, Bandettini WP, Patel AR, Shanbhag SM, Farzaneh-Far A, Heitner JF, Shenoy C, Leung SW, Gonzalez JA, Raman SV, Ferrari VA, Shah DJ, Schulz-Menger J, Stuber M, Simonetti OP, Kwong RY. Association of Adverse Clinical Outcomes With Peri-Infarct Ischemia Detected by Stress Cardiac Magnetic Imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:417-429. [PMID: 39048273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early invasive revascularization guided by moderate to severe ischemia did not improve outcomes over medical therapy alone, underlying the need to identify high-risk patients for a more effective invasive referral. CMR could determine the myocardial extent and matching locations of ischemia and infarction. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate if CMR peri-infarct ischemia is associated with adverse events incremental to known risk markers. METHODS Consecutive patients were included in an expanded cohort of the multicenter SPINS (Stress CMR Perfusion Imaging in the United States) study. Peri-infarct ischemia was defined by the presence of any ischemic segment neighboring an infarcted segment by late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Primary outcome events included acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death, whereas secondary events included any primary events, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure hospitalization, and late coronary artery bypass surgery. RESULTS Among 3,915 patients (age: 61.0 ± 12.9 years; 54.7% male), ischemia, infarct, and peri-infarct ischemia were present in 752 (19.2%), 1,123 (28.8%), and 382 (9.8%) patients, respectively. At 5.3 years (Q1-Q3: 3.9-7.2 years) of median follow-up, primary and secondary events occurred in 406 (10.4%) and 745 (19.0%) patients, respectively. Peri-infarct ischemia was the strongest multivariable predictor for primary and secondary events (HRadjusted: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.23-2.41] and 1.71 [95% CI: 1.32-2.20], respectively; both P < 0.001), adjusted for clinical risk factors, left ventricular function, ischemia extent, and infarct size. The presence of peri-infarct ischemia portended to a >6-fold increased annualized primary event rate compared to those with no infarct and ischemia (6.5% vs 0.9%). CONCLUSIONS Peri-infarct ischemia is a novel and robust prognostic marker of adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bernhard
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Ge
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bobak Heydari
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabeeh Islam
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez Santiuste
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin E Steel
- St Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | | | - J Ronald Mikolich
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sharon Regional Health System, Sharon, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew E Arai
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - W Patricia Bandettini
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amit R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sujata M Shanbhag
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John F Heitner
- Cardiovascular Division, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chetan Shenoy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steve W Leung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jorge A Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiology and Radiology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Victor A Ferrari
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dipan J Shah
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Charité, Medical Faculty of the Humboldt University, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany; Helios Clinics, Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Segev A, Avrahamy B, Fardman A, Matetzky S, Freimark D, Regev O, Kuperstein R, Grupper A. Heart failure with improved ejection fraction: patient characteristics, clinical outcomes and predictors for improvement. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1378955. [PMID: 39087071 PMCID: PMC11288926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1378955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) is a recently recognized entity presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Our aim was to characterize the profile of HFimpEF patients and evaluate predictors for EF lack of improvement among heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. Methods We included ambulatory HFrEF patients (EF≤40%) between January 1, 2015, and September 1, 2022, with two consecutive echocardiography exams at least 6 months apart. HFimpEF was defined as improved EF from ≤40%->40% and by ≥10%. Results A total of 567 HFrEF patients (72% male, 54.3 ± 14.4 years old) were analyzed. Patients without EF improvement were more likely to be male, had more comorbidities, ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP), markers of adverse cardiac remodeling (lower EF and higher left and right ventricular diameters) and presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in MRI (P < 0.05 for all). In a multivariate analysis, male sex, ICMP, lower EF, larger ventricular size and LGE remained independent predictors for lack of EF improvement. A prediction model for lack of EF improvement including LVEF, LV diameter, diastolic blood pressure and ischemic etiology exhibited an area under the ROC curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.73-0.81; P < 0.001). HFimpEF patients had better prognosis with lower hospitalizations and mortality rates. Guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) were associated with improved outcomes in both groups regardless of EF improvement. Conclusions Lack of improvement in EF among HFrEF patients may be predicted by HF etiology and imaging parameters of adverse cardiac remodeling, and is associated with worse prognosis. GDMT were associated with improved outcomes in both HFimpEF and HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Segev
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Benny Avrahamy
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alexander Fardman
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shlomi Matetzky
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dov Freimark
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ohad Regev
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rafael Kuperstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Avishay Grupper
- Cardiovascular Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Arjomandi Rad A, Tserioti E, Magouliotis DE, Vardanyan R, Samiotis IV, Skoularigis J, Ariff B, Xanthopoulos A, Triposkiadis F, Casula R, Athanasiou T. Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy With Reduced Left Ventricular Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24307. [PMID: 38953367 PMCID: PMC11217808 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of myocardial viability assessment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a focus on the clinical markers of viability for each imaging modality. We also compare mortality between patients with viable myocardium and those without viability who undergo CABG. METHODS A systematic database search with meta-analysis was conducted of comparative original articles (both observations and randomized controlled studies) of patients undergoing CABG with either viable or nonviable myocardium, in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, from inception to 2022. Imaging modalities included were dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS A total of 17 studies incorporating a total of 2317 patients were included. Across all imaging modalities, the relative risk of death post-CABG was reduced in patients with versus without viability (random-effects model: odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.61; p < 0.001). Imaging for myocardial viability has significant clinical implications as it can affect the accuracy of the diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, and predict patient outcomes. Generally, based on local availability and expertise, either SPECT or DSE should be considered as the first step in evaluating viability, while PET or CMR would provide further evaluation of transmurality, perfusion metabolism, and extent of scar tissue. CONCLUSION The assessment of myocardial viability is an essential component of preoperative evaluation in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing surgical revascularization. Careful patient selection and individualized assessment of viability remain paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Arjomandi Rad
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eleni Tserioti
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Ilias V. Samiotis
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
| | - John Skoularigis
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
| | - Ben Ariff
- Department of Radiology, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Roberto Casula
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
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Karur GR, Aneja A, Stojanovska J, Hanneman K, Latchamsetty R, Kersting D, Rajiah PS. Imaging of Cardiac Fibrosis: An Update, From the AJR Special Series on Imaging of Fibrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2329870. [PMID: 37753860 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is defined as excessive production and deposition of extra-cellular matrix proteins that result in pathologic myocardial remodeling. Three types of MF have been identified: replacement fibrosis from tissue necrosis, reactive fibrosis from myocardial stress, and infiltrative interstitial fibrosis from progressive deposition of nondegradable material such as amyloid. Although echocardiography, nuclear medicine, and CT play important roles in the assessment of MF, MRI is pivotal in the evaluation of MF, with the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique used as a primary end point. The LGE technique focuses on the pattern and distribution of gadolinium accumulation in the myocardium and assists in the diagnosis and establishment of the cause of both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. LGE MRI also aids prognostication and risk stratification. In addition, LGE MRI is used to guide the management of patients considered for ablation for arrhythmias. Parametric mapping techniques, including T1 mapping and extracellular volume measurement, allow detection and quantification of diffuse fibrosis, which may not be detected by LGE MRI. These techniques also allow monitoring of disease progression and therapy response. This review provides an update on the imaging of MF, including prognostication and risk stratification tools, electrophysiologic considerations, and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri R Karur
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashish Aneja
- Department of Cardiology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Kate Hanneman
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Varma PK, Radhakrishnan RM, Gopal K, Krishna N, Jose R. Selecting the appropriate patients for coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy-importance of myocardial viability. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 40:341-352. [PMID: 38681722 PMCID: PMC11045715 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-023-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in ischemic cardiomyopathy have a survival advantage over medical therapy at 10 years. The survival advantage of CABG over medical therapy is due to its ability to reduce future myocardial infarction, and by conferring electrical stability. The presence of myocardial viability does not provide a differential survival advantage for CABG over medical therapy. Presence of angina and inducible ischemia are also less predictive of outcome. Moreover, CABG is associated with significant early mortality. Hence, careful patient selection is more important for reducing the early mortality and improving the long-term outcome than relying on results of myocardial viability. Younger patients with good exercise tolerance benefit the most, while patients who are frail and patients with renal dysfunction and dysfunctional right ventricle seem to have very high operative mortality. Elderly patients, because of poor life expectancy, do not benefit from CABG, but the age cutoff is not clear. Patients also need to have revascularizable targets, but this decision is often based on experience of the surgical team and heart team discussion. These recommendations are irrespective of the myocardial viability tests. Optimal medical treatment remains the cornerstone for management of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kerala Varma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Rohik Micka Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Kirun Gopal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Neethu Krishna
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
| | - Rajesh Jose
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Kochi, India
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7
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Ha S, Jang Y, Lee BK, Hong Y, Kim BK, Park S, Yoo SK, Chang HJ. Simultaneous Viability Assessment and Invasive Coronary Angiography Using a Therapeutic CT System in Chronic Myocardial Infarction Patients. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:257-264. [PMID: 38653564 PMCID: PMC11045343 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In a preclinical study using a swine myocardial infarction (MI) model, a delayed enhancement (DE)-multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scan was performed using a hybrid system alongside diagnostic invasive coronary angiography (ICA) without the additional use of a contrast agent, and demonstrated an excellent correlation in the infarct area compared with histopathologic specimens. In the present investigation, we evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of a myocardial viability assessment by DE-MDCT using a hybrid system comprising ICA and MDCT alongside diagnostic ICA without the additional use of a contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 13 patients (median age: 67 years) with a previous MI (>6 months) scheduled to undergo ICA. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging before diagnostic ICA. MDCT viability scans were performed concurrently with diagnostic ICA without the use of additional contrast. The total myocardial scar volume per patient and average transmurality per myocardial segment measured by DE-MDCT were compared with those from DE-CMR. RESULTS The DE volume measured by MDCT showed an excellent correlation with the volume measured by CMR (r=0.986, p<0.0001). The transmurality per segment by MDCT was well-correlated with CMR (r=0.900, p<0.0001); the diagnostic performance of MDCT in differentiating non-viable from viable myocardium using a 50% transmurality criterion was good with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 87.5%, 99.5%, 87.5%, 99.5%, and 99.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION The feasibility of the DE-MDCT viability assessment acquired simultaneously with conventional ICA was proven in patients with chronic MI using DE-CMR as the reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Ha
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonggul Jang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngtaek Hong
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Ontact Health Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Keuk Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seil Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kook Yoo
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Ontact Health Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Juncà G, Delgado V. Dual (Ischemic and Nonischemic) Cardiomyopathy: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing. Circulation 2024; 149:822-824. [PMID: 38466790 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.068090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Juncà
- Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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9
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Adhaduk M, Paudel B, Liu K, Ashwath M, Gebska MA, Delcour K, Samuelson RJ, Giudici M. Comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the assessment of myocardial viability: meta-analysis and systematic review. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2514-2524. [PMID: 37758962 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (Ce-CMR) and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are frequently utilized in clinical practice to assess myocardial viability. However, studies evaluating direct comparison between Ce-CMR and FDG-PET have a smaller sample size, and no clear distinction between the two imaging modalities has been defined. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing Ce-CMR and FDG-PET for the assessment of myocardial viability. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to 4/20/2022 with search terms "viability" AND "heart diseases" AND "cardiac magnetic resonance imaging" AND "positron-emission tomography." We extracted patient characteristics, segment level viability assessment according to Ce-CMR and FDG-PET, and change in regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) at follow-up. RESULTS We included four studies in the meta-analysis which provided viability assessment with Ce-CMR and FDG-PET in all patients and change in RWMA at follow-up. There were 82 patients among the four included studies, and 585 segments were compared for viability assessment. There were 59 (72%) males, and mean age was 65 years. The sensitivity (95% confidence interval-CI) and specificity (CI) of Ce-CMR for predicting myocardial recovery were 0.88 (0.66-0.96) and 0.64 (0.49-0.77), respectively. The sensitivity (CI) and specificity (CI) of FDG-PET for predicting myocardial recovery were 0.91 (0.63-0.99) and 0.67 (0.49-0.81), respectively. CONCLUSION FDG-PET and Ce-CMR have comparable diagnostic parameters in myocardial viability assessment and are consistent with prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Adhaduk
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
| | - Bishow Paudel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mahi Ashwath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Milena A Gebska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kimberly Delcour
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Michael Giudici
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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10
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Tchantchaleishvili V, Entwistle JW. Comparative accuracy of myocardial viability assessment modalities. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad399. [PMID: 38058219 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Entwistle
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Tsigkriki L, Kleitsioti P, Dimitriadis F, Sidiropoulos G, Alkagiet S, Efstratiou D, Kalaitzoglou M, Charisopoulou D, Siarkos M, Mavrogianni AD, Giannakopoulou P, Zarifis J, Koulaouzidis G. The Utility of Low-Dose-Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Update. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2920. [PMID: 37761286 PMCID: PMC10527914 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in medical therapy, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) continues to be a significant cause of death and disability. Reversible ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction due to viable myocardium is one such contributing factor. In these cases, coronary revascularization has shown promise in improving left ventricular function and prognosis. For patients with HFrEF and wide QRS, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective option to address electromechanical dyssynchrony. However, approximately 30% of patients do not respond positively to CRT, highlighting the need to refine candidate selection for this treatment. In some patients with reduced HFrEF, there is a condition known as classical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (AS) that may be observed. This condition is characterized by a low transaortic flow, which leads to reductions in both the transaortic mean gradient and aortic valve area. Decision-making regarding revascularization, CRT, and pharmacological treatment play a crucial role in managing HFrEF. Cardiac imaging can be valuable in guiding decision-making processes and assessing the prognosis of patients with HFrEF. Among the imaging modalities, dobutamine stress echocardiography has come a long way in establishing itself as a feasible, safe, effective, relatively cheap non-invasive technique. The aim of this review is to explore the current literature on the utility of low-dose stress echocardiography in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Tsigkriki
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Panagiota Kleitsioti
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fotis Dimitriadis
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - George Sidiropoulos
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Stelina Alkagiet
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dimitris Efstratiou
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Maria Kalaitzoglou
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | | | - Michail Siarkos
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Angeliki-Despoina Mavrogianni
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pinelopi Giannakopoulou
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - John Zarifis
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.T.); (P.K.); (F.D.); (G.S.); (S.A.); (D.E.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (A.-D.M.); (P.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - George Koulaouzidis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Kazakauskaite E, Vajauskas D, Bardauskiene L, Ordiene R, Zabiela V, Zaliaduonyte D, Gustiene O, Lapinskas T, Jurkevicius R. The incremental value of myocardial viability, evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance for mortality prediction in patients with previous myocardial infarction and symptomatic heart failure. Perfusion 2023; 38:1288-1297. [PMID: 35503304 PMCID: PMC10466976 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find the imaging mortality predictors in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI), symptomatic heart failure (HF), and reduced left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF). METHODS for the study 39 patients were selected prospectively with prior MI, symptomatic HF, and LVEF ≤40%. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI), 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (FDG PET). 31 patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Patients were divided into two groups: 1 group - cardiac death; 2 group - no cardiac death. Myocardial scars were assessed on a 5-point-scale. Follow-up data was obtained. RESULTS Imaging features disclosed significant difference (p < 0.05) of defect score (CMR and SPECT-PET), LV end-diastolic diameter (EDD) (TTE), LVEDD index (CMR), LV global longitudinal strain (CMR) and LV global circumferential strain (CMR) between the groups. Predictors of cardiac death were: LVEDD index (TTE) and LV global longitudinal strain. The cut-off values to predict cardiac death were: defect score (CMR) 25 (AUC, 79.5%; OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7), SPECT-PET defect score 22 (AUC, 73.9%; OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7), LVEDD (TTE) 58 mm (AUC, 88.4%; OR 23.6, 95% CI 2.6-217.7), LVEDDi 30 mm/m2 (TTE) (AUC, 73.6%; OR 22.0, 95% CI 1.9-251.5), LVEDDi 33.6 mm/m2 (CMR) (AUC, 73.6%; OR 22.0, 95% CI 1.9-251.5), LV global longitudinal strain -13.4 (AUC, 87.8%; OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7) and LV global circumferential strain -16.3 (AUC, 76.1%; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0). CONCLUSIONS Imaging features, such as defect score (CMR) >25, SPECT-PET defect score >22, LVEDD (TTE) >58 mm, LVEDDi (TTE) >30 mm/m2, LVEDDi (CMR) >33.6 mm/m2, LV global longitudinal strain -13.4 and LV global circumferential strain -16.3, may increase sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET and LGE CMR predicting of late mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kazakauskaite
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Vajauskas
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Lina Bardauskiene
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ordiene
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Zabiela
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Diana Zaliaduonyte
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Olivija Gustiene
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Lapinskas
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
| | - Renaldas Jurkevicius
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
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Singh S, Al-Imam A, Tirpude AP, Chaudhary N, Al-Alwany A, Konuri V. Past Myocardial Infarctions and Gender Predict the LVEF Regardless of the Status of Coronary Collaterals: An AI-Informed Research. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The degree of the development of coronary collaterals is long considered an alternate – that is, a collateral – source of blood supply to an area of the myocardium threatened with vascular ischemia or insufficiency. Hence, the coronary collaterals are beneficial but can also promote harmful (adverse) effects. For instance, the coronary steal effect during the myocardial hyperemia phase and that of restenosis following coronary angioplasty.
OBJECTIVES: Our study explores the contribution of coronary collaterals – if any exist – while considering other potential predictors, including demographics and medical history, toward the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction measured through the LV ejection fraction (LVEF).
METHODS: Our cross-sectional design study used convenience sampling of 100 patients (n = 100; a male-to-female ratio of 4:1). We conducted frequentist inference statistics using IBM-SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Office Excel 2016 with the analysis ToolPak plugin; we ran parallel neural networks (supervised machine learning (ML)) and a two-step clustering (non-supervised ML) for robust conjoint inference with frequentist statistics.
RESULTS: The past incidents of myocardial infarction (p = 0.036) and gender (p = 0.072) influenced the LVEF; both are significant predictors at a 90% confidence interval. We found that gender and past incidents of MI influenced the LVEF regardless of the status of coronary collaterals. Our study did not yield any positive or significant findings concerning the status of coronary collaterals or the coronary circulation dominance patterns.
CONCLUSION: Regardless of the status of coronary collaterals, we verified that the female gender is protective of the LV function, contrary to the past infarction incidents that predispose to a deteriorated LV function. Our study’s innovation relates to its status as the first study from India to explore the coronary collaterals and the ejection fraction while incorporating frequentist statistics and narrow artificial intelligence to infer reliable results.
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Pica S, Di Odoardo L, Testa L, Bollati M, Crimi G, Camporeale A, Tondi L, Pontone G, Guglielmo M, Andreini D, Squeri A, Monti L, Roccasalva F, Grancini L, Gasparini GL, Secco GG, Bellini B, Azzalini L, Maestroni A, Bedogni F, Lombardi M. Collateral presence and extent do not predict myocardial viability and ischemia in chronic total occlusions: A stress-CMR study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:10-15. [PMID: 36181950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-developed collaterals are assumed as a marker of viability and ischemia in chronic total occlusions (CTO). We aim to correlate viability and ischemia with collateral presence and extent in CTO patients by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS Multicentre study of 150 CTO patients undergoing stress-CMR, including adenosine if normal systolic function, high-dose-dobutamine for patients with akinetic/>2 hypokinetic segments and EF ≥35%, otherwise low-dose-dobutamine (LDD); all patients underwent late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Viability was defined as mean LGE transmurality ≤50% for adenosine, as functional improvement for dobutamine-stress-test, ischemia as ≥1.5 segments with perfusion defects outside the scar zone. RESULTS Rentrop 3/CC 2 defined well-developed (WD, n = 74) vs poorly-developed collaterals (PD, n = 76). Viability was equally prevalent in WD vs PD: normo-functional myocardium with ≤50% LGE in 52% vs 58% segments, p = 0.76, functional improvement by LDD in 48% vs 52%, p = 0.12. Segments with none, 1-25%,26-50%,51-75% LGE showed viability by LDD in 90%,84%,81%,61% of cases, whilst in 12% if 76-100% LGE (p < 0.01). There was no difference in WD vs PD for ischemia presence (74% vs 75%, p = 0.99) and extent (2.7 vs 2.8 segments, p = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of CTO patients, presence and extent of collaterals did not predict viability and ischemia by stress-CMR. Scar extent up to 75% LGE was still associated with viability, whereas ischemia was undetectable in 25% of patients, suggesting that the assessment of CTO patients with CMR would lead to a more comprehensive evaluation of viability and ischemia to guide revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pica
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Di Odoardo
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - L Testa
- Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bollati
- Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - G Crimi
- Interventional Cardiology, Cardio Thoraco-Vascular-Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Camporeale
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tondi
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pontone
- Cardiology Department, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Guglielmo
- Cardiology Department, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Andreini
- Cardiology Department, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Squeri
- Cardiology Department, Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Monti
- Cardiology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Roccasalva
- Cardiology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Grancini
- Cardiology Department, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G L Gasparini
- Cardiology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - G G Secco
- Interventional Cardiology Department, A.O.Ss. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy
| | - B Bellini
- Interventional Cardiology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Azzalini
- Division of Cardiology, VCU Health Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Maestroni
- Cardiology Department, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - F Bedogni
- Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - M Lombardi
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Babes EE, Tit DM, Bungau AF, Bustea C, Rus M, Bungau SG, Babes VV. Myocardial Viability Testing in the Management of Ischemic Heart Failure. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1760. [PMID: 36362914 PMCID: PMC9698475 DOI: 10.3390/life12111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although major advances have occurred lately in medical therapy, ischemic heart failure remains an important cause of death and disability. Viable myocardium represents a cause of reversible ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary revascularization may improve left ventricular function and prognosis in patients with viable myocardium. Although patients with impaired left ventricular function and multi-vessel coronary artery disease benefit the most from revascularization, they are at high risk of complications related to revascularization procedure. An important element in selecting the patients for myocardial revascularization is the presence of the viable myocardium. Multiple imaging modalities can assess myocardial viability and predict functional improvement after revascularization, with dobutamine stress echocardiography, nuclear imaging tests and magnetic resonance imaging being the most frequently used. However, the role of myocardial viability testing in the management of patients with ischemic heart failure is still controversial due to the failure of randomized controlled trials of revascularization to reveal clear benefits of viability testing. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the concept of viable myocardium, depicts the role and tools for viability testing, discusses the research involving this topic and the controversies related to the utility of myocardial viability testing and provides a patient-centered approach for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Emilia Babes
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Marius Rus
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Victor Vlad Babes
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Melotti E, Belmonte M, Gigante C, Mallia V, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Neglia D, Pontone G, Collet C, Sonck J, Grancini L, Bartorelli AL, Andreini D. The Role of Multimodality Imaging for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:823091. [PMID: 35586657 PMCID: PMC9108201 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.823091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) has been traditionally considered a challenging procedure, with a lower success rate and a higher incidence of complications compared to non-CTO-PCI. An accurate and comprehensive evaluation of potential candidates for CTO-PCI is of great importance. Indeed, assessment of myocardial viability, left ventricular function, individual risk profile and coronary lesion complexity as well as detection of inducible ischemia are key information that should be integrated for a shared treatment decision and interventional strategy planning. In this regard, multimodality imaging can provide combined data that can be very useful for the decision-making algorithm and for planning percutaneous CTO recanalization.AimsThe purpose of this article is to appraise the value and limitations of several non-invasive imaging tools to provide relevant information about the anatomical characteristics and functional impact of CTOs that may be useful for the pre-procedural assessment and follow-up of candidates for CTO-PCI. They include echocardiography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), nuclear imaging, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). As an example, CCTA can accurately delineate CTO location and length, distal coronary bed, vessel tortuosity and calcifications that can predict PCI success, whereas stress CMR, nuclear imaging and stress-CT can provide functional evaluation in terms of myocardial ischemia and viability and perfusion defect extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Melotti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Belmonte
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Gigante
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mallia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Collet
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV-Clinic, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Sonck
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV-Clinic, Aalst, Belgium
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Grancini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio L. Bartorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Andreini
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Determination of scar area using native and post-contrast T1 mapping: Agreement with late gadolinium enhancement. Eur J Radiol 2022; 150:110242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Comparative Analysis of Myocardial Viability Multimodality Imaging in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction and Symptomatic Heart Failure. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58030368. [PMID: 35334543 PMCID: PMC8955633 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To compare the accuracy of multimodality imaging (myocardial perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT MPI), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the evaluation of left ventricle (LV) myocardial viability for the patients with the myocardial infarction (MI) and symptomatic heart failure (HF). Materials and Methods: 31 consecutive patients were included in the study prospectively, with a history of previous myocardial infarction, symptomatic HF (NYHA) functional class II or above, reduced ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%. All patients had confirmed atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), but conflicting opinions regarding the need for percutaneous intervention due to the suspected myocardial scar tissue. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), SPECT MPI, 18F-FDG PET, and CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) examinations. Quantification of myocardial viability was assessed in a 17-segment model. All segments that were described as non-viable (score 4) by CMR LGE and PET were compared. The difference of score between CMR and PET we named reversibility score. According to this reversibility score, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, reversibility score > 10 (viable myocardium with a chance of functional recovery after revascularization); Group 2, reversibility score ≤ 10 (less viable myocardium when revascularisation remains questionable). Results: 527 segments were compared in total. A significant difference in scores 1, 2, 3 group, and score 4 group was revealed between different modalities. CMR identified “non-viable” myocardium in 28.1% of segments across all groups, significantly different than SPECT in 11.8% PET in 6.5% Group 1 (viable myocardium group) patients had significantly higher physical tolerance (6 MWT (m) 3892 ± 94.5 vs. 301.4 ± 48.2), less dilated LV (LVEDD (mm) (TTE) 53.2 ± 7.9 vs. 63.4 ± 8.9; MM (g) (TTE) 239.5 ± 85.9 vs. 276.3 ± 62.7; LVEDD (mm) (CMR) 61.7 ± 8.1 vs. 69.0 ± 6.1; LVEDDi (mm/m2) (CMR) 29.8 ± 3.7 vs. 35.2 ± 3.1), significantly better parameters of the right heart (RV diameter (mm) (TTE) 33.4 ± 6.9 vs. 38.5 ± 5.0; TAPSE (mm) (TTE) 18.7 ± 2.0 vs. 15.2 ± 2.0), better LV SENC function (LV GLS (CMR) −14.3 ± 2.1 vs. 11.4 ± 2.9; LV GCS (CMR) −17.2 ± 4.6 vs. 12.7 ± 2.6), smaller size of involved myocardium (infarct size (%) (CMR) 24.5 ± 9.6 vs. 34.8 ± 11.1). Good correlations were found with several variables (LVEDD (CMR), LV EF (CMR), LV GCS (CMR)) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.72. According to the cut-off values (LVEDV (CMR) > 330 mL, infarct size (CMR) > 26%, and LV GCS (CMR) < −15.8), we performed prediction of non-viable myocardium (reversibility score < 10) with the overall percentage of 80.6 (Nagelkerke R2 0.57). Conclusions: LGE CMR reveals a significantly higher number of scars, and the FDG PET appears to be more optimistic in the functional recovery prediction. Moreover, using exact imaging parameters (LVEDV (CMR) > 330 mL, infarct size (CMR) > 26% and LV GCS (CMR) < −15.8) may increase sensitivity and specificity of LGE CMR for evaluation of non-viable myocardium and lead to a better clinical solution (revascularization vs. medical treatment) even when viability is low in LGE CMR, and FDG PET is not performed.
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Di Bella G, Aquaro GD, Bogaert J, Piaggi P, Micari A, Pizzino F, Camastra G, Carerj S, Campisi M, Bracco A, Carerj ML, Emdin M, Khandheria BK, Pingitore A. Non-transmural myocardial infarction associated with regional contractile function is an independent predictor of positive outcome: an integrated approach to myocardial viability. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:121. [PMID: 34719402 PMCID: PMC8559354 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance permits assessment of irreversible myocardial fibrosis and contractile function in patients with previous myocardial infarction. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of myocardial fibrotic tissue with preserved/restored contractile activity. METHODS In 730 consecutive myocardial infarction patients (64 ± 11 years), we quantified left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes, ejection fraction (EF), regional wall motion (WM) (1 normal, 2 hypokinetic, 3 akinetic, 4 dyskinetic), and WM score index (WMSI), and measured the transmural (1-50 and 51-100) and global extent of the infarct scar by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Contractile fibrotic (CT-F) segments were identified as those showing WM-1 and WM-2 with LGE ≤ or ≥ 50%. RESULTS During follow-up (median 2.5, range 1-4.7 years), cardiac events (cardiac death or appropriate implantable defibrillator shocks) occurred in 123 patients (17%). At univariate analysis, age, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, WMSI, extent of LGE, segments with transmural extent > 50%, and CT-F segments were associated with cardiac events. At multivariate analysis, age > 65 years, LVEF < 30%, WMSI > 1.7, and dilated LVEDV independently predicted cardiac events, while CT-F tissue was the only independent predictor of better outcome. After adjustment for LVEF < 30% and LVEDV dilatation, the presence of CT-F tissue was associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In addition to CMR imaging parameters associated with adverse outcome (severe LV dysfunction, poor WM, and dilated EDV), the presence of fibrotic myocardium showing contractile activity in patients with previous myocardial infarction yields a beneficial effect on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Di Bella
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Jan Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Gasthuisberg Campus. Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Micari
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Pizzino
- Department of Cardiology, "Santa Maria Dei Battuti" Hospital, Conegliano - ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Via Brigata Bisagno 2, 31015, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camastra
- Cardiac Department, Vannini Hospital Rome, via Acqua Bullicante 4, 00177, Roma, Italy
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Campisi
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bracco
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, ISMETT" Hospital, via Ernesto Tricomi, 5, 90127, Palermo, Province of Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ludovica Carerj
- Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bijoy K Khandheria
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Advocate Aurora Health, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Ste. 880, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA.
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- C.N.R. Clinical Physiology Institute, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Schumacher SP, Everaars H, Stuijfzand WJ, van Diemen PA, Driessen RS, Bom MJ, de Winter RW, Somsen YBO, Huynh JW, van Loon RB, van de Ven PM, van Rossum AC, Opolski MP, Nap A, Knaapen P. Viability and functional recovery after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:E668-E676. [PMID: 34329539 PMCID: PMC9291134 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated myocardial viability as well as global and regional functional recovery after successful chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using sequential quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. BACKGROUND The patient benefits of CTO PCI are being questioned. METHODS In a single high-volume CTO PCI center patients were prospectively scheduled for CMR at baseline and 3 months after successful CTO PCI between 2013 and 2018. Segmental wall thickening (SWT) and percentage late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were quantitatively measured per segment. Viability was defined as dysfunctional myocardium (<2.84 mm SWT) with no or limited scar (≤50% LGE). RESULTS A total of 132 patients were included. Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction was modest after CTO PCI (from 48.1 ± 11.8 to 49.5 ± 12.1%, p < 0.01). CTO segments with viability (N = 216, [31%]) demonstrated a significantly higher increase in SWT (0.80 ± 1.39 mm) compared to CTO segments with pre-procedural preserved function (N = 456 [65%], 0.07 ± 1.43 mm, p < 0.01) or extensive scar (LGE >50%, N = 26 [4%], -0.08 ± 1.09 mm, p < 0.01). Patients with ≥2 CTO segments viability showed more SWT increase in the CTO territory compared to patients with 0-1 segment viability (0.49 ± 0.93 vs. 0.12 ± 0.98 mm, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Detection of dysfunctional myocardial segments without extensive scar (≤50% LGE) as a marker for viability on CMR aids in identifying patients with significant regional functional recovery after CTO PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. Schumacher
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Everaars
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wijnand J. Stuijfzand
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pepijn A. van Diemen
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roel S. Driessen
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michiel J. Bom
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben W. de Winter
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yvemarie B. O. Somsen
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jennifer W. Huynh
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ramon B. van Loon
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van de Ven
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert C. van Rossum
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maksymilian P. Opolski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and AngiologyInstitute of CardiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Alexander Nap
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Knaapen
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Kiko T, Yokokawa T, Misaka T, Masuda A, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Kunii H, Nakazato K, Takeishi Y. Myocardial viability with chronic total occlusion assessed by hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2335-2342. [PMID: 32002845 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was performed to compare the relationship of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) transmurality with the improvement of left ventricular function in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) assessed by hybrid FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty-eight consecutive patients with CTO underwent FDG PET/MRI. Twenty-three patients then underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the final study population comprised 15 patients who underwent both initial and follow-up MRI. The degree of wall motion abnormality in each of the 17 myocardial segments was evaluated based on the extent of wall thickening on cine MRI using a 5-point scale. RESULTS Among all 646 myocardial segments at baseline, FDG uptake significantly decreased as the transmurality of LGE is advanced. Of the 15 patients who underwent PCI, 152 segments showed wall motion abnormalities at baseline. The functional recovery of the wall motion abnormality of the PET-viable/MRI-viable segments was highest, and that of the PET-nonviable/MRI-nonviable segments was lowest. There were no differences in functional recovery between the PET-viable/MRI-nonviable and PET-nonviable/MRI-viable segments. CONCLUSION Simultaneous assessment of FDG and LGE using a hybrid PET/MRI system can help to predict functional recovery after PCI in patients with CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoyo Kiko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Yokokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Masuda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
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Kersten J, Eberhardt N, Prasad V, Keßler M, Markovic S, Mörike J, Nita N, Stephan T, Tadic M, Tesfay T, Rottbauer W, Buckert D. Non-invasive Imaging in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusions of the Coronary Arteries-What Does the Interventionalist Need for Success? Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713625. [PMID: 34527713 PMCID: PMC8435679 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries is a common finding in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Although tremendous advances have been made in the interventional treatment of CTOs over the past decade, correct patient selection remains an important parameter for achieving optimal results. Non-invasive imaging can make a valuable contribution. Ischemia and viability, two major factors in this regard, can be displayed using echocardiography, single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. Although most have been studied in patients with CAD in general, there is an increasing number of studies with positive preselectional factors for patients with CTOs. The aim of this review is to provide a structured overview of the current state of pre-interventional imaging for CTOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kersten
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Eberhardt
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vikas Prasad
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sinisa Markovic
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Mörike
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Nita
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tilman Stephan
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marijana Tadic
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Temsgen Tesfay
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Buckert
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Mpanya D, Ayeni A, More S, Hadebe B, Sathekge M, Tsabedze N. The clinical utility of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography in guiding myocardial revascularisation. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Almeida AG, Carpenter JP, Cameli M, Donal E, Dweck MR, Flachskampf FA, Maceira AM, Muraru D, Neglia D, Pasquet A, Plein S, Gerber BL. Multimodality imaging of myocardial viability: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:e97-e125. [PMID: 34097006 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical decision making, myocardial viability is defined as myocardium in acute or chronic coronary artery disease and other conditions with contractile dysfunction but maintained metabolic and electrical function, having the potential to improve dysfunction upon revascularization or other therapy. Several pathophysiological conditions may coexist to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac imaging may allow identification of myocardial viability through different principles, with the purpose of prediction of therapeutic response and selection for treatment. This expert consensus document reviews current insight into the underlying pathophysiology and available methods for assessing viability. In particular the document reviews contemporary viability imaging techniques, including stress echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and computed tomography and provides clinical recommendations for how to standardize these methods in terms of acquisition and interpretation. Finally, it presents clinical scenarios where viability assessment is clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Almeida
- Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon University, University Hospital Santa Maria/CHLN, Portugal
| | - John-Paul Carpenter
- Cardiology Department, University Hospitals Dorset, NHS Foundation Trust, Poole Hospital, Longfleet Road, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena, Italy
| | - Erwan Donal
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI-UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh & Edinburgh Heart Centre, Chancellors Building Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Dept. of Med. Sciences, Uppsala University, and Cardiology and Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Akademiska, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicia M Maceira
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Ascires Biomedical Group Colon St, 1, Valencia 46004, Spain; Department of Medicine, Health Sciences School, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Lluís Vives St. 1, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio-Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnès Pasquet
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Cardiovasculaire, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, and Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Av Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Kadoglou NPE, Papadopoulos CH, Papadopoulos KG, Karagiannis S, Karabinos I, Loizos S, Theodosis-Georgilas A, Aggeli K, Keramida K, Klettas D, Kounas S, Makavos G, Ninios I, Ntalas I, Ikonomidis I, Sahpekidis V, Stefanidis A, Zaglavara T, Athanasopoulos G, Karatasakis G, Kyrzopoulos S, Kouris N, Patrianakos A, Paraskevaidis I, Rallidis L, Savvatis K, Tsiapras D, Nihoyannopoulos P. Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: an expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 64:30-57. [PMID: 34329766 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established and valid technique, widely-used for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases. This statement of the Echocardiography Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology summarizes the consensus of the writing group regarding the applications of SE, based on the expertise of their members and on a critical review of current medical literature. The main objectives of the consensus document include a comprehensive review of SE methodology and training, focusing on the preparation, the protocols used and the analysis of the SE images and an updated, evidence-based knowledge about SE applications on ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases, such as in cardiomyopathies, heart failure and valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Konstantina Aggeli
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George Makavos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Sotiria University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Ninios
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George Karatasakis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Kouris
- Cardiology Department, Thriasio Hospital, Elefsina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsiapras
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- Metropolitan Hospital Center, Piraeus, Greece; Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Myocardial Work, an Echocardiographic Measure of Post Myocardial Infarct Scar on Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Am J Cardiol 2021; 151:1-9. [PMID: 34034906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relation of non-invasive myocardial work and myocardial viability following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) assessed on late gadolinium contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE CMR) and characterizes the remote zone using non-invasive myocardial work parameters. STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. Several non-invasive myocardial work parameters were derived from speckle tracking strain echocardiography and sphygmomanometric blood pressure, e.g.: myocardial work index (MWI), constructive work (CW), wasted work (WW) and myocardial work efficiency (MWE). LGE was quantified to determine infarct transmurality and scar burden. The core zone was defined as the segment with the largest extent of transmural LGE and the remote zone as the diametrically opposed segment without LGE. A total of 53 patients (89% male, mean age 58 ± 9 years) and 689 segments were analyzed. The mean scar burden was 14 ± 7% of the total LV mass, and 76 segments (11%) demonstrated transmural hyperenhancement, 280 (41%) non-transmural hyperenhancement and 333 (48%) no LGE. An inverse relation was observed between segmental MWI, CW and MWE and infarct transmurality (p < 0.05). MWI, CW and MWE were significantly lower in the core zone compared to the remote zone (p<0.05). In conclusion, non-invasive myocardial work parameters may serve as potential markers of segmental myocardial viability in post-STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI. Non-invasive myocardial work can also be utilized to characterize the remote zone, which is an emerging prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target.
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Contemporary Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Management of Patients with Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070649. [PMID: 34202588 PMCID: PMC8303732 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a useful non-invasive radiation-free imaging modality for the management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). CMR cine imaging provides the “gold standard” assessment of ventricular function, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) provides useful data for the diagnosis and extent of myocardial scar and viability, while stress imaging is an established technique for the detection of myocardial perfusion defects indicating ischemia. Beyond its role in the diagnosis of CAD, CMR allows accurate risk stratification of patients with established CAD. This review aims to summarize the data regarding the role of CMR in the contemporary management of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease.
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Le Ven F, Dacher JN, Pontana F, Barone-Rochette G, Macron L, Garot J, Genée O, Mandry D, Christiaens LP, Gilard M, Boyer L, Furber A, Jacquier A. Position paper on stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in chronic coronary syndrome: Endorsed by the Société française de radiologie (SFR), the Société française d'imagerie cardiovasculaire (SFICV) and the Société française de cardiologie (SFC). Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 114:325-335. [PMID: 33888446 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper is intended to update the former consensus between the French Societies of Radiology and Cardiology about the use of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in chronic coronary syndrome, published in 2009. The Delphi method was used to build the present consensus. This expert panel consensus includes recommendations for indications, the procedure (with patient preparation), stress-inducing drugs, the acquisition protocol, interpretation and risk stratification by stress magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Ven
- Department of Cardiology, Brest University Hospital, EA3878GETBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29609 Brest, France.
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dacher
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Department of Medical Imaging, Cardiac Imaging Unit, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - François Pontana
- Université de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59045 Lille, France; INSERM U1011, 59019 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Barone-Rochette
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, INSERM U1039, Grenoble Alpes University, 38700 La Tronche, France; French Alliance Clinical Trial, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Macron
- Department of Imaging, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jerome Garot
- Cardiac MRI-Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Jacques-Cartier Private Hospital-Ramsay Health, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Olivier Genée
- Pôle Santé Oréliance, Centre Cardiologique d'Orléans, 45770 Saran, France
| | - Damien Mandry
- Lorraine University, IADI, INSERM U1254, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Radiology, Brabois, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Martine Gilard
- Department of Cardiology, Brest University Hospital, EA 4324 ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Louis Boyer
- Pôle Imagerie Diagnostique et Radiologie Interventionnelle, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Furber
- Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083, CNRS 6015, Équipe Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Service de Cardiologie, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Hôpital Timone, AP-HM, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), 13385 Marseille, France
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Le Ven F, Pontana F, Barone-Rochette G, Macron L, Garot J, Genée O, Mandry D, Christiaens L, Furber A, Dacher JN, Jacquier A. Position paper on stress cardiac MRI in chronic coronary syndrome: Endorsed by the Société Française de Radiologie (SFR) the Société Française d'Imagerie CardioVasculaire (SFICV) and the Société Française de Cardiologie (SFC). Diagn Interv Imaging 2021; 102:337-345. [PMID: 33712412 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This position paper was intended to update the former consensus between the French Societies of Radiology and Cardiology about the use of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronic coronary syndrome published in 2009. The Delphi method was used to build the present consensus. This expert panel consensus includes recommendations for indications, procedure with patient preparation, stress inducing drugs, acquisition protocol, interpretation and risk stratification by stress MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Ven
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, 29000 Brest, France. EA3878-GETBO-West Brittany study Group on Thrombosis-University of West Brittany, 29000 Brest, France
| | - François Pontana
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Barone-Rochette
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble Alpes University, French Alliance Clinical Trial, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Macron
- Department of Imaging, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, 93200 Paris, France
| | - Jérome Garot
- Cardiac MRI - ICPS, Jacques Cartier Private Hospital - Ramsay Health, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Olivier Genée
- Cardioréliance, Centre Cardiologique d'Orléans, Pôle Santé Oréliance, 45770 Saran, France
| | - Damien Mandry
- Lorraine Université de Lorraine, IADI, INSERM U1254, Department of Radiology, Brabois, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Luc Christiaens
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Alain Furber
- Institut MITOVASC, UMR INSERM U1083 and CNRS 6015, Équipe Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Service de Cardiologie, CHU d'Angers, Université Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jean Nicolas Dacher
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Medical Imaging (Cardiac Imaging Unit), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Hôpital Timone, CNRS, CRMBM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale) CEMEREM (Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), 13385 Marseille, France.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with heart failure (HF). Recent Findings CMR is an important non-invasive imaging modality in the assessment of ventricular volumes and function and in the analysis of myocardial tissue characteristics. The information derived from CMR provides a comprehensive evaluation of HF. Its unique ability of tissue characterization not only helps to reveal the underlying etiologies of HF but also offers incremental prognostic information. Summary CMR is a useful non-invasive tool for the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients suffering from heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfen Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Victor A. Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Yuchi Han
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial viability is an important pathophysiologic concept which may have significant clinical impact in patients with left ventricular dysfunction due to ischemic heart disease. Understanding the imaging modalities used to assess viability, and the clinical implication of their findings, is critical for clinical decision-making in this population. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of dobutamine echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to predict functional recovery following revascularization is well-established. Despite different advantages and disadvantages for each imaging modality, each modality has demonstrated reasonable performance characteristics in identifying viable myocardium. Recent data, however, has called into question whether this functional recovery leads to improved clinical outcomes. Although the assessment of viability can be used to aid in clinical decision-making prior to revascularization, its broad application to all patients is limited by a lack of data confirming improvement in clinical outcomes. Thus, viability assessments may be best applied to select patients (such as those with increased surgical risk) and integrated with clinical, laboratory, and imaging data to guide clinical care. Future research efforts should be aimed at establishing the impact of viability on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjan Parikh
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alana Choy-Shan
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Division of Cardiology, VA Harbor Medical Center, Manhattan Campus, 423 E 23rd Street, 12 West, Cardiology, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Munir Ghesani
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert Donnino
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, VA Harbor Medical Center, Manhattan Campus, 423 E 23rd Street, 12 West, Cardiology, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Shokry KAA, Farag ESM, Salem AMH, Abdelaziz M, El-Zayat A, Ibrahim IM. Relationship between quality of coronary collateral and myocardial viability in chronic total occlusion: a magnetic resonance study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:623-631. [PMID: 32940819 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Revascularization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still debated regarding its indications and therapeutic benefits. Guidelines recommend patient selection based on ischemia detection and viability assessment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the quality of coronary collaterals (CC), graded by Rentrop classification, and myocardial viability assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Unselected 100 consecutive patients with a single CTO were prospectively enrolled. CC of Rentrop grade two or three were considered as well-developed. Analyzing late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images, CTO territories with mean segmental transmural scar extent < 50% were considered viable. Of the 100 patients (70 male, mean age 58.0 ± 6 years), 73 patients (73%) had angiographically visible CC. Based on LGE, patients were classified into viable (n = 50) and non-viable (n = 50) groups. Significant differences between both groups existed regarding frequency of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.044), frequency of congestive heart failure (p = 0.032), presence of pathological Q in CTO territory (p = 0.039); and presence of well-developed CC (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that presence of well-developed CC could independently (OR 9.4, 95% CI: 2.6-33.6, p < 0.001) predict myocardial viability with a sensitivity and a specificity of 72% and 74%, respectively (AUC: 0.796, 95% CI: 0.708-0.884, P < 0.001). The presence of well-developed CC could independently predict with high accuracy myocardial viability assessed by LGE in territories subtended by CTO vessels. Therefore, search for viable myocardium using different imaging modalities, e.g. CMR, may be recommended in CTO patients with well-developed CC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Abdelaziz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Zayat
- Department of Cardiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Schumacher SP, Everaars H, Stuijfzand WJ, Huynh JW, van Diemen PA, Bom MJ, de Winter RW, van Loon RB, van de Ven PM, van Rossum AC, Opolski MP, Nap A, Knaapen P. Coronary collaterals and myocardial viability in patients with chronic total occlusions. EUROINTERVENTION 2020; 16:e453-e461. [PMID: 32122823 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-19-01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate associations between coronary collaterals and myocardial viability as assessed by quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with a chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 218 patients with a CTO who underwent CMR between 2013 and 2018 were included. A concomitant collateral connection (CC) score 2 and Rentrop grade 3 defined well-developed collaterals in 146 (67%) patients, whereas lower CC scores or Rentrop grades characterised poorly developed collaterals. Dysfunctional myocardium (<3 mm segmental wall thickening [SWT]) and ≤50% late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) defined viability. Extensive scar (LGE >50%) was observed in only 5% of CTO segments. In the CTO territory, SWT was greater (3.72±1.51 vs 3.05±1.60 mm, p<0.01) and the extent of scar was less (7.0 [0.1-16.7] vs 13.1% [2.8-22.2], p=0.048) in patients having well-developed versus poorly developed collaterals. Viability was more prevalent in CTO segments among patients with poorly developed versus well-developed collaterals (44% vs 30% of segments, p<0.01), predominantly due to a higher prevalence of dysfunctional myocardium (51% vs 34% of segments, p<0.01) in the poorly developed collateral group. CONCLUSIONS The infarcted area in myocardium subtended by a CTO is generally limited. Well-developed collaterals are associated with less myocardial scar and enhanced preserved function. However, viability was regularly present in patients with poorly developed collaterals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P Schumacher
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Garcia MJ, Kwong RY, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Taub CC, Blankstein R, Lima J, Bonow RO, Eshtehardi P, Bois JP. State of the Art: Imaging for Myocardial Viability: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e000053. [PMID: 32833510 DOI: 10.1161/hci.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction develop clinical heart failure, which remains a common and major healthcare burden. It has been shown that in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, ischemic episodes lead to a global pattern of cardiomyocyte remodeling and dedifferentiation, hallmarked by myolysis, glycogen accumulation, and alteration of structural proteins. These changes, in conjunction with an impaired global coronary reserve, may eventually become irreversible and result in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, noninvasive imaging of myocardial scar and hibernation can inform the risk of sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it would be intuitive that imaging of myocardial viability is an essential tool for the proper use of invasive treatment strategies and patient prognostication. However, this notion has been challenged by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating that, in the modern era of improved guideline-directed medical therapies, imaging of myocardial viability failed to deliver effective guidance of coronary bypass surgery to a reduction of adverse cardiac outcomes. In addition, current available imaging technologies in this regard are numerous, and they target diverse surrogates of structural or tissue substrates of myocardial viability. In this document, we examine these issues in the current clinical context, collect current evidence of imaging technology by modality, and inform future directions.
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Nudi F, Iskandrian AE, Schillaci O, Nudi A, DI Belardino N, Frati G, Biondi Zoccai G. Noninvasive cardiovascular imaging for myocardial necrosis, viability, stunning and hibernation: evidence from an umbrella review encompassing 12 systematic reviews, 286 studies, and 201,680 patients. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 69:191-200. [PMID: 32643896 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concomitant presence of myocardial necrosis with myocardial ischemia, stunning or hibernation may complicates appraisal of left ventricular (LV) function and patient management. Several imaging modalities have been proposed for the accurate assessment of myocardial necrosis, viability, stunning and hibernation, with mixed results. We aimed to review the evidence base on myocardial necrosis, stunning and hibernation by conducting an umbrella review (i.e. overview of systematic reviews). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched PubMed and The Cochrane Library for meta-analyses focusing on the diagnostic, prognostic, or management appraisal of myocardial necrosis, viability, stunning and hibernation. Diagnostic test accuracy, prognostic yield, and clinical outcomes were systematically abstracted from shortlisted reviews. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS From an initial set of 6069 citations, 12 systematic reviews were finally included, encompassing 286 studies and 201,680 patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) had favorable results in 4 reviews that focused on the diagnosis of myocardial stunning or hibernation in patients followed for 6±4 months after coronary revascularization (sensitivity 96% and specificity 91%). Positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and CMR in 6 meta-analyses had each a significant and independent prognostic role for the prediction of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in patients with follow-up of 2.8±1.7 years. Finally, 2 reviews with 2.3±1.1 years of follow-up showed moderate quality evidence in favor of coronary revascularization in patients with objective signs of myocardial viability. CONCLUSIONS The appraisal of myocardial necrosis and residual viability remains a cornerstone of the modern management of patients with CAD. Current imaging modalities (echocardiography, PET, SPECT and CMR) are widely used. Further trials using contemporary methods are warranted to further clarify the impact of viability assessment on patient management, and the cumulative risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nudi
- Service of Hybrid Cardio Imaging, Madonna della Fiducia Clinic, Rome, Italy.,Replycare, Rome, Italy
| | - Ami E Iskandrian
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nudi
- Service of Hybrid Cardio Imaging, Madonna della Fiducia Clinic, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Rome, Italy - .,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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Mghaieth Zghal F, Boudiche S, Haboubi S, Neji H, Ben Halima M, Rekik B, Mechri M, Ouali S, Hantous S, Mourali MS. Diagnostic accuracy of strain imaging in predicting myocardial viability after an ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19528. [PMID: 32384424 PMCID: PMC7220414 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) viability imaging techniques are not validated and/or not available.This study aimed to evaluate the ability of strain parameters assessed in the acute phase of STEMI, to predict myocardial viability after revascularization.Thirty-one STEMI patients whose culprit coronary artery was recanalized and in whom baseline echocardiogram showed an akinesia in the infarcted area, were prospectively included. Bidimensional left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), and territorial longitudinal strain (TLS) in the territory of the infarct related artery were obtained within 24 hours from admission. Delayed enhancement (DE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was used as a reference test to assess post-revascularization myocardial viability. DE-CMR was performed 3 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. According to myocardial viability, patients were divided into 2 groups; CMR viable myocardium patients with more than half of infarcted segments having a DE <50% (group V) and CMR nonviable myocardium patients with half or more of the infarcted segments having a DE >50% (group NV).GLS and TLS were lower in group V compared to group NV (respectively: -14.4% ± 2.9% vs -10.9% ± 2.4%, P = .002 and -11.0 ± 4.1 vs -3.2 ± 3.1, P = .001). GLS was correlated with DE-CMR (r = 0.54, P = .002) and a cut off value of -13.9% for GLS predicted viability with 86% sensitivity (Se) and 78% specificity (Sp). TLS showed the strongest correlation with DE-CMR (r = 0.69, P < .001). A cut off value of -9.4% for TLS yielded a Se of 78% and a Sp of 95% to predict myocardial viability.GLS and TLS measured in the acute phase of STEMI predicted myocardial viability assessed by 3 months DE-CMR. They are prognostic indicators and they can be used to guide the priority and usefulness of percutaneous coronary intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Mghaieth Zghal
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Selim Boudiche
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sofiane Haboubi
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Neji
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Imaging, Abderrahmane Mami University Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Halima
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Rekik
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Mechri
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ouali
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hantous
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service of Medical Imaging, Abderrahmane Mami University Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Sami Mourali
- Service of Functional Exploration and Cardio Reanimation, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Left ventricular systolic dysfunction because of coronary artery disease is common, and ascertaining which patients will benefit from revascularization can be challenging. Viability testing is an accepted means by which to base this decision, with multiple noninvasive imaging modalities available for this purpose. This review aims to highlight the key role of cardiac magnetic resonance in myocardial viability assessment, with a focus on its unique strengths over other imaging modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Transmural extent of hyperenhancement with late gadolinium imaging has been shown to be greater acutely in ST elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and regress at follow-up studies. An explanation for this reported phenomenon and an argument against redefining CMR viability criteria in the acute setting will be offered. SUMMARY Although not universally available, cardiac magnetic resonance is an exceptionally powerful and well tolerated imaging modality that should be considered when viability testing will influence patient management. Although observational outcomes data suggest a promising prognostic role for viability, randomized studies in this area are needed.
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Cabac‐Pogorevici I, Muk B, Rustamova Y, Kalogeropoulos A, Tzeis S, Vardas P. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Pathophysiological insights, diagnostic management and the roles of revascularisation and device treatment. Gaps and dilemmas in the era of advanced technology. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:789-799. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Cabac‐Pogorevici
- Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Balazs Muk
- Department of Cardiology Medical Centre Hungarian Defence Forces Budapest Hungary
| | - Yasmin Rustamova
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 Azerbaijan Medical University Baku Azerbaijan
| | | | - Stylianos Tzeis
- Cardiology Department Mitera General Clinic ‐ Hygeia Group Athens Greece
| | - Panos Vardas
- Hygeia Hospitals Group, Heart Sector Athens Greece
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Han Y, Chen Y, Ferrari VA. Contemporary Application of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Annu Rev Med 2020; 71:221-234. [PMID: 31986088 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-041818-015923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a comprehensive and versatile diagnostic and prognostic imaging modality that plays an increasingly important role in management of patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss CMR applications in nonischemic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, right ventricular diseases, and valvular heart disease. We emphasize the quantitative nature of CMR in current practice, from volumes, function, myocardial strain analysis, and late gadolinium enhancement to parametric mapping, including T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times and extracellular volume fraction assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Han
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Departments of Cardiology and Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Victor A. Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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The Association between Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Myocardial Scar and Their Collective Impact on All-Cause Mortality. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 33:161-170. [PMID: 31836269 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) and myocardial scar are important contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that myocardial scar is a substrate of DD and that collectively they contribute to increased risk for all-cause mortality. METHODS The study included 607 consecutive patients who underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging within 1 week. DD was assessed by echocardiography according to the contemporary guidelines and myocardial scar by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). All-cause mortality was the main outcome. RESULTS Scar prevalence was significantly higher comparing no DD with mild and advanced DD (25%, 61%, and 80%, respectively; P < .001), and scar burden was greater by semiquantitative LGE scores (1.4 ± 3.4, 4.8 ± 6.3, and 6.8 ± 8.8, respectively; P < .001). After 10 years of follow-up, 50 patients (8.2%) had died. The mortality incidence was significantly higher comparing no DD with mild and advanced DD (2.5, 17.3, and 55.7 deaths per 1,000 person-years, respectively; P < .001). It was also higher in patients with higher LGE scores (4.3, 22.7, and 35.2 deaths per 1,000 person-years in groups with LGE scores of 0, 1-6, and ≥7, respectively; P < .001). The risk for death was higher among patients with both DD and scar. The additive interaction of DD and scar for mortality was significant (P < .001). In the multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis, DD and scar were associated with mortality (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong link between the echocardiographic findings of DD and the morphologic changes of myocardial tissue. DD assessed according to contemporary guidelines effectively differentiates mortality risk. The additive interaction of DD and scar on mortality risk highlights the pivotal role of myocardial tissue characterization in patients with DD.
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Schiau C, Schiau Ş, Dudea SM, Manole S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: contribution to the exploration of cardiomyopathies. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:326-336. [PMID: 31750431 PMCID: PMC6853046 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive and non-irradiating imaging method, complementary to cardiac ultrasound in the assessment of cardiovascular disease and implicitly of cardiomyopathies. Although it is not a first intention imaging method, it is superior in the assessment of cardiac volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction, in the analysis of cardiac wall dyskinesia and myocardial tissue characteristics with and without using a contrast agent. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and its applications in cardiomyopathy analysis. Methods In order to create this review, relevant articles were searched and analyzed by using MeSH terms such as: “cardiac magnetic resonance imaging”, “cardiomyopathy”, “myocardial fibrosis”. Three main international databases PubMed, Web of Science and Medscape were searched. We carried out a narrative review focused on the current indications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in cardiomyopathies, both common and raret, of ischemic and nonischemic types. Results Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has a very important role in the diagnosis, assessment and prognosis of common cardiomyopathies (the dilated, hypertrophic and inflammatory types) or other more rare ones such as (amyloidosis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular, non-compaction or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy), as it represents the gold standard for evaluating the ejection fraction, ventricular volumes and mass. CMR techniques, such as late gadolinium enhancement, T1 and T2 mapping have proven their usefulness, helping differentiate between ischemic (subendocardial enhancement) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (varied pattern) or also establish the etiology. Another important feature of this imaging technique is that it can establish the myocardial viability, thus the chance of contractile recovery after revascularization. This feature is based on the transmural extent of LGE, left ventricle wall thickness and the assessment of the contractile reserve after administration of low dose dobutamine. Conclusions Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is an indispensable tool, with proven efficiency, capable of providing the differential diagnosis between ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy or establishing the etiology in the nonischemic type. In addition, these findings have a prognostic value, they may guide the patient management plan and, if necessary, can evaluate treatment response. Therefore, this technique should be part of any routine investigation of various cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Călin Schiau
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Şerban Schiau
- "Niculae Stancioiu" Heart Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin M Dudea
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Manole
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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The Current Role of Viability Imaging to Guide Revascularization and Therapy Decisions in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Left Ventricular Function. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1015-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Viabilidad miocárdica: multimodalidad – resonancia magnética cardíaca. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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45
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Korosoglou G, Giusca S, Hofmann NP, Patel AR, Lapinskas T, Pieske B, Steen H, Katus HA, Kelle S. Strain-encoded magnetic resonance: a method for the assessment of myocardial deformation. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:584-602. [PMID: 31021534 PMCID: PMC6676282 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the usefulness of strain‐encoded magnetic resonance (SENC) for the quantification of myocardial deformation (‘strain’) in healthy volunteers and for the diagnostic workup of patients with different cardiovascular pathologies. SENC was initially described in the year 2001. Since then, the SENC sequence has undergone several technical developments, aiming at the detection of strain during single‐heartbeat acquisitions (fast‐SENC). Experimental and clinical studies that used SENC and fast‐SENC or compared SENC with conventional cine or tagged magnetic resonance in phantoms, animals, healthy volunteers, or patients were systematically searched for in PubMed. Using ‘strain‐encoded magnetic resonance and SENC’ as keywords, three phantom and three animal studies were identified, along with 27 further clinical studies, involving 185 healthy subjects and 904 patients. SENC (i) enabled reproducible assessment of myocardial deformation in vitro, in animals and in healthy volunteers, (ii) showed high reproducibility and substantially lower time spent compared with conventional tagging, (iii) exhibited incremental value to standard cine imaging for the detection of inducible ischaemia and for the risk stratification of patients with ischaemic heart disease, and (iv) enabled the diagnostic classification of patients with transplant vasculopathy, cardiomyopathies, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic heart disease. SENC has the potential to detect a wide range of myocardial diseases early, accurately, and without the need of contrast agent injection, possibly enabling the initiation of specific cardiac therapies during earlier disease stages. Its one‐heartbeat acquisition mode during free breathing results in shorter cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocols, making its implementation in the clinical realm promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Korosoglou
- Departments of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, GRN Hospital Weinheim, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Sorin Giusca
- Departments of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, GRN Hospital Weinheim, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Nina P Hofmann
- Departments of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Pneumology, GRN Hospital Weinheim, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Amit R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomas Lapinskas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Steen
- Department of Cardiology, Marien Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Departments of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Bax JJ, Di Carli M, Narula J, Delgado V. Multimodality imaging in ischaemic heart failure. Lancet 2019; 393:1056-1070. [PMID: 30860031 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure, extensive evaluation with modern non-invasive imaging modalities is needed to assess causes, pathophysiology, and haemodynamics, to determine prognosis and consider therapeutic options. This systematic evaluation includes a stepwise assessment of left ventricular size and function, the presence and severity of coronary artery disease, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilation and dysfunction, and tricuspid regurgitation. Based on this imaging-derived information, the need for specific therapies besides optimised medical therapy can be determined. The need for revascularisation, implantation of an implantable cardiac defibrillator, and mitral or tricuspid valve repair or replacement, can be (partially) guided by non-invasive imaging. Importantly, randomised controlled trials on the use of non-inasive imaging to guide therapy are scarce in this field and most non-pharmacological therapies are based on expert-consensus, but whenever trials are available, they will be addressed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Marcelo Di Carli
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, NY, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Rustamova YK. Actual Problems of Diagnostics of Viable Myocardium. KARDIOLOGIIA 2019; 59:68-78. [PMID: 30853023 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.2.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The article presents modern analysis of the studies and reflects the key problems concerning the feasibility of performing cardiac MRI for assessment of myocardial viability in patients with history of myocardial infarction (with postinfarction cardiosclerosis), as well as the effectiveness of the method for predicting restoration of the function of hibernating myocardium after myocardial revascularization.
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Chen Y, Zheng X, Jin H, Deng S, Ren D, Greiser A, Fu C, Gao H, Zeng M. Role of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction Measured with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Prediction of Left Ventricular Functional Outcome after Revascularization of Chronic Total Occlusion of Coronary Arteries. Korean J Radiol 2018; 20:83-93. [PMID: 30627024 PMCID: PMC6315067 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the value of the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in predicting myocardial functional outcome after revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Materials and Methods Thirty patients with CTO underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) before and 6 months after revascularization. Three baseline markers of functional outcome were evaluated in the dysfunctional segments assigned to the CTO vessels: ECV, transmural extent of infarction (TEI), and unenhanced rim thickness (RIM). At the global level, the ECV values of the whole myocardium with and without a hyperenhanced region (global and remote ECV) were respectively measured. Results In per-segment analysis, ECV was superior to TEI and RIM in predicting functional recovery (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.86 vs. 0.75 and 0.73, all p values < 0.010), and it emerged as the only independent predictor of regional functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.89; p < 0.001) independent of collateral circulation. In per-patient analysis, global baseline ECV was indicative of ejection fraction (EF) at the follow-up examination (β = −0.61, p < 0.001) and changes in EF (β = −0.57, p = 0.001) in multivariate regression analysis. A patient with global baseline ECV less than 30.0% (AUC, 0.93; sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%) was more likely to demonstrate significant EF improvement (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17–0.85; p = 0.019). Conclusion Extracellular volume fraction obtained by CMR may provide incremental value for the prediction of functional recovery both at the segmental and global levels in CTO patients, and may facilitate the identification of patients who can benefit from revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinde Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance (C.F.), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
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Dastidar AG, Harries I, Pontecorboli G, Bruno VD, De Garate E, Moret C, Baritussio A, Johnson TW, McAlindon E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Native T1 mapping to detect extent of acute and chronic myocardial infarction: comparison with late gadolinium enhancement technique. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:517-527. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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50
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Ker WDS, Nunes THP, Nacif MS, Mesquita CT. Practical Implications of Myocardial Viability Studies. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:278-288. [PMID: 29694555 PMCID: PMC5898779 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many non-invasive methods, such as imaging tests, have been developed aiming to
add a contribution to existing studies in estimating patients’ prognosis after
myocardial injury. This prognosis is proportional to myocardial viability, which
is evaluated in coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction
patients only. While myocardial viability represents the likelihood of a dysfunctional muscle
(resulting from decreased oxygen supply for coronary artery obstruction),
hibernation represents post-interventional functional recovery itself. This article proposes a review of pathophysiological basis of viability,
diagnostic methods, prognosis and future perspectives of myocardial viability.
An electronic bibliographic search for articles was performed in PubMed, Lilacs,
Cochrane and Scielo databases, according to pre-established criteria. The studies showed the ability of many imaging techniques in detecting viable
tissues in dysfunctional areas of left ventricle resulting from coronary artery
injuries. These techniques can identify patients who may benefit from myocardial
revascularization and indicate the most appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilter Dos Santos Ker
- Setor de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Helena Peixoto Nunes
- Setor de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souto Nacif
- Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudio Tinoco Mesquita
- Setor de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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