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Jiang X, Jiang Z, Cheng Q, Sun W, Jiang M, Sun Y. Cholecystectomy promotes the development of colorectal cancer by the alternation of bile acid metabolism and the gut microbiota. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1000563. [PMID: 36213655 PMCID: PMC9540502 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been markedly increasing worldwide, causing a tremendous burden to the healthcare system. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the risk factors and pathogenesis of CRC. Cholecystectomy is a gold standard procedure for treating symptomatic cholelithiasis and gallstone diseases. The rhythm of bile acids entering the intestine is altered after cholecystectomy, which leads to metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that cholecystectomy might be associated with the development of CRC. It has been reported that alterations in bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota are the two main reasons. However, the potential mechanisms still need to be elucidated. In this review, we mainly discussed how bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota, and the interaction between the two factors influence the development of CRC. Subsequently, we summarized the underlying mechanisms of the alterations in bile acid metabolism after cholecystectomy including cellular level, molecular level, and signaling pathways. The potential mechanisms of the alterations on gut microbiota contain an imbalance of bile acid metabolism, cellular immune abnormality, acid-base imbalance, activation of cancer-related pathways, and induction of toxin, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongxiu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Sun,
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