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Pan YA, Wang YP, Lee GS, Hsieh LC, Chen YC. Increased nasality of connected speech in patients underwent modified Lothrop procedure for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis: Cross-sectional and prospective study. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:1154-1159. [PMID: 36000964 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is performed to create a large frontal neostium in patients who had failed previous frontal sinus surgeries. EMLP causes obvious changes in the volume and anatomy of the sinuses, which may cause a more significant change in nasality. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in nasalance in patients who underwent EMLP by comparing their preoperative nasalance to the established normative values and postoperative nasalance. METHODS This was a prospective study. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with refractory frontal sinusitis who were indicated to undergo EMLP were enrolled. One hundred one healthy participants were enrolled as norm references. The Nasometer II Model 6400 (KayPENTAX) was used to analyze the nasalance scores. Nasalance scores were tested before surgery and 1 and 3 months after the surgery. RESULTS The normative references of nasalance were (mean ± SD) 14.6% ± 6.7%, 39.4% ± 8.4%, and 55.8% ± 8.3% for the oral passage, oral-nasal passage, and nasal sentences, respectively. The mean nasalance scores pre-EMLP and 1 and 3 months post-EMLP were 23.2% ± 9.6%, 29.0% ± 9.3%, and 29.9% ± 0.4% for the oral passage; 48.7% ± 10.7%, 54.7% ± 7.7%, and 56.4% ± 7.2% for the oral-nasal passage; and 62.7% ± 10.9%, 69.8% ± 6.7%, and 70.7% ± 6.4% for the nasal sentences, respectively. Compared with the normative references, pre-EMLP nasalance was higher for all the three speech stimuli (t-test, p < 0.05). Post-EMLP nasalance also significantly increased for all the three stimuli at the 1- and 3-month follow-up visits (Paired t-test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION EMLP has a short-term impact on resonance; however, long-term follow-up is required for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Piao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guo-She Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Yangming Campus, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Special Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Verma S, Bhupali NR, Singh SP, Vir D, Lal C. Nasalance Scores as a Function of Skeletal Malocclusion of English-Speaking Adults in the North Indian Population. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2021; 74:78-88. [PMID: 34412052 DOI: 10.1159/000516225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is quantitative assessment of nasalance for skeletal Class I (normative values), Class II, and III malocclusion in the English language for the North Indian population and to compare the normative values with the nasalance scores obtained from individuals with skeletal Class II and III malocclusion and to evaluate the normative values as a function of gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on a total sample of 200 patients with 100, 50, and 50 in group 1 (control group, Skeletal Class I), group 2 (Skeletal Class II), and group 3 (Skeletal Class III), respectively. ANB angle (anteroposterior angle formed by point A, nasion, and point B) measured on lateral cephalogram was used to categorize the patients into 3 groups. The normative nasalance scores were compared for males and females in the control group. The nasalance scores of skeletal Class II and III subjects were compared to the combined normative scores of the control group. The NasalView was used for the objective assessment of nasalance. Oral syllables (/pa/and/pi/), nasal syllables (/ma/and/mi/), and 3 passages (Zoo passage, Rainbow passage, and Nasal sentences) were used to determine the nasalance scores. RESULTS The intragroup comparison of nasalance scores in group 1 showed statistically significant differences for different stimuli. The gender-related comparison showed no statistically significant differences in nasalance scores. The intergroup comparison of nasalance scores for skeletal malocclusion showed no statistically significant differences for different stimuli except statistically significant lower nasalance values for nasal sentences in group 3 compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The study concluded that the nasalance scores for nasal sentences in skeletal Class III malocclusion were significantly lower than in the control group and were not statistically significant between the 3 groups for all other stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Verma
- Unit of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Oral Health Sciences Centre (OHSC), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Oral Health Sciences Centre (OHSC), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dharam Vir
- Department of Otolaryngology, Audiology and Speech Therapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chaman Lal
- Unit of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Oral Health Sciences Centre (OHSC), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Nguyen DM, Lee SAS, Hayakawa T, Yamamoto M, Natsume N. Normative Nasalance Values in Vietnamese With Southern Dialect: Vowel and Tone Effects. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1515-1525. [PMID: 33909445 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the current study was to examine normative nasalance values in Vietnamese adult speakers with Southern dialect and to investigate the effects of vowels and tones on nasalance. Previous studies examining nasalance have been mainly conducted with Indo-European languages. Limited information on nasalance is available in tone languages other than Chinese. Furthermore, tone and vowel effects on nasalance scores in tone languages have not been fully examined. Method Nasalance scores of various speech stimuli including passages, syllables, and prolonged vowels were obtained from Vietnamese-speaking adults with Southern dialect (M age = 23 years) using a nasometer (KayPENTAX 6450). Results The average nasalance scores of Southern Vietnamese adult speakers were 24.16%, 38.17%, and 70.03% for the oral, oral-nasal, and nasal passages, respectively. Southern Vietnamese speakers produced the highest nasalance scores on the vowel /a/, followed by /i/ and /u/. Nasalance scores of stimuli produced with the falling and restricted tone were significantly lower than those produced with the other tones. Conclusions The normative nasalance values of the current study will contribute as a reference index for the Vietnamese language. The effects of vowels and tones can also provide insight into the development of nasalance testing stimuli and for characterizing nasalance values across languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Minh Nguyen
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| | - Sue Ann S Lee
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences , School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
- PhD Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | - Toko Hayakawa
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Nagato Natsume
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Kara M, Calis M, Kara I, Kulak Kayikci ME, Gunaydin RO, Ozgur F. Comparison of speech outcomes using type 2b intravelar veloplasty or furlow double-opposing Z plasty for soft palate repair of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 49:215-222. [PMID: 33485752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare speech outcomes, fistula rates, and rates of secondary speech surgeries after palatoplasty using Furlow palatoplasty or type 2b intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had either Furlow palatoplasty or intravelar veloplasty for soft palate repair were retrospectively evaluated for demographic and perioperative variables and speech outcomes. Fistula rate, secondary surgical intervention for improved speech results, and findings of speech assessment were further reviewed for the patients who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 76 patients, 36 in the Furlow palatoplasty group and 40 in the intravelar veloplasty group, were included in the study. In the speech assessment, nasalance values were statistically similar between the two groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in velopharyngeal motility (p = 0.103). The total rates of secondary surgeries and fistula were statistically similar between the groups (p = 0.347 and 0.105, respectively). CONCLUSION The similar outcomes of speech and surgical evaluation between the two groups make the surgeon's preference determinant in the selection of the surgical technique for soft palate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kara
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Calis
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ilkem Kara
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mavis Emel Kulak Kayikci
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Onder Gunaydin
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Ozgur
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate and Craniomaxillofacial Disorders Treatment and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Pokharel A, Naina P, Sebastain S, Syed KA, John M, Varghese AM. Normative nasalance scores in Tamil-speaking Indian children. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2020; 47:43-48. [PMID: 33269640 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2020.1849391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain normative nasalance scores for Indian Tamil-speaking children. METHODS Mean nasalance scores were obtained from 175 consecutive Tamil-speaking normal children (95 males, 80 females) aged 5-16 years during the repetition of six standardized sentences: two oral, two oronasal, and two nasal sentences. The nasal view was used to obtain nasalance scores for the standardized sentences. RESULTS Group mean and standard deviation (SD) nasalance scores of children for oral, oronasal, and nasal sentence were 35.65(SD 7.20), 44.42(SD 7.37), and 57.21(SD 8.15), respectively. The mean nasalance values of children aged 9-12 years were greater than children aged 5-8 years and 13-16 years for nasal sentences (p < .001). Males were found to have significantly higher nasalance scores for oral and oronasal sentences (p < .05) although these differences were within the range of normal variation. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides normative nasalance scores for Tamil-speaking Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apar Pokharel
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P Naina
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Mary John
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Yang X, Pratama GB, Choi Y, You H, Tâm NPM, Kim GW, Jo YJ, Ko MH. Measurement of Nasalance Scores Without Touching the Philtrum for Better Comfort During Speech Assessment and Therapy: A Preliminary Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:446-454. [PMID: 32924600 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620953340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Kay Pentax nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate can restrict the natural movement of the patient's upper lip and generate unpleasant pressure on the patient's philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy. METHODS Nasalance scores of 10 males and 10 females having no speech disorders were measured under 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mm) of the gap between the plate and the philtrum (denoted as plate-to-philtrum gap) using Nasometer II 6450 for nasal (Nasal Sentences) and oral (Zoo Passage) stimuli. Regression formulas were established to examine the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the stimuli. To provide nasalance scores equivalent to those measured for the contact condition, compensation factors for the 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap measurement condition were identified for the stimuli. RESULTS The nasalance scores were significantly different between the 4 different plate-to-philtrum gaps for the stimuli. Compensation factors for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage were identified as 1.17 and 0.71, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap condition after multiplying the compensation factors can provide equivalent nasalance scores to the conventional contact measurement condition which may provide better comfort in speech assessment and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, 66374Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Gradiyan Budi Pratama
- Department of Industrial Engineering, 89224Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Younggeun Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, 34995Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, 34995Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyễn Phu'ò'c Minh Tâm
- Department of Medicine, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Jo
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Nasometric evaluation of resonance disorders: A norm study In Turkish. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 131:109888. [PMID: 31981919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to adapt the Simplified Nasometric Assessment Procedures-Revised (SNAP-R) [1] to Turkish, gather norms from Turkish speakers, and test the sensitivity and specificity of the adapted test. Finally, this study was designed to determine if there are any differences in average nasalance scores due to age, gender, and vowel content of the passage. METHODS 240 children without any known speech, language or hearing disorders and 40 children with cleft palate participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to their age (ages 4-7; 8-12; and 13-18). Data for this descriptive study was collected in the school settings and in a center of speech and language therapy. RESULTS This study showed a slight increase in nasalance with age, but no difference in nasalance based on gender. Furthermore, the nasalance score is determined by vowel content of the passage and that high vowels have higher nasalance than the low vowels. CONCLUSION This paper offers a new test for nasometric evaluation in the Turkish language, which has relatively high specificity and sensitivity in the evaluation of hypernasality.
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Srinivas V, Bressmann T. Effects of Knowledge of Task on Control of Oral-Nasal Balance in Speech. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 73:15-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000503861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Previous research has shown that altering the nasal signal level auditory feedback changed the control of oral-nasal balance in normal speakers. The present study investigated whether knowledge of the task and the instruction not to compensate would change the participants’ response to the manipulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty participants (10 females) in 2 groups continuously repeated a sentence while their nasal signal level was increased or decreased and fed back to them via headphones, so the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal, respectively. After the first recording session, participants were debriefed about the true nature of the experiment. They were instructed not to compensate in the second recording session. The outcome measures were the percentage changes of nasalance scores from the first baseline. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Statistical analysis using a repeated measures analysis of variance showed an effect of the nasal signal level, <i>F</i>(5,80) = 2.51, <i>p</i> = 0.049, and a nasal signal level by knowledge of task interaction effect, <i>F</i>(5,80) = 3.25, <i>p</i> = 0.019. Post hoc tests showed that the maximum nasal signal level auditory feedback resulted in a significant decrease of nasality from the initial baseline. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite knowledge of the task, speakers were unable to resist compensating. As found in previous research, there was a numerically higher compensation response at the maximum than at the minimum nasal signal level auditory feedback condition.
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de Boer G, Marino V, Berti L, Fabron E, Spazzapan EA, Bressmann T. Influence of Altered Auditory Feedback on Oral-Nasal Balance in Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:3752-3762. [PMID: 31639320 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study explored the role of auditory feedback in the regulation of oral-nasal balance in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Method Twenty typical speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (10 male, 10 female) wore a Nasometer headset and headphones while continuously repeating stimuli with oral and nasal sounds. Oral-nasal balance was quantified with nasalance scores. The signals from 2 additional oral and nasal microphones were played back to the participants through the headphones. The relative loudness of the nasal channel in the mix was gradually changed, so that the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance of the mean nasalance scores of the stimuli at baseline, minimum, and maximum nasal feedback conditions demonstrated significant effects of nasal feedback condition (p < .0001) and stimuli (p < .0001). Post hoc analyses demonstrated that the mean nasalance scores were lowest for the maximum nasal feedback condition. The scores of the minimum nasal feedback condition were significantly higher than 2 of 3 baseline feedback conditions. The speaking amplitude of the participants did not change between the nasal feedback conditions. Conclusions Increased nasal signal level feedback led to a compensatory adjustment in the opposite direction, confirming that oral-nasal balance is regulated by auditory feedback. However, reduced nasal signal level feedback resulted in a compensatory response that was lower in magnitude. This suggests that, even in Brazilian Portuguese, a language with phonetic and phonological vowel nasalization, decreased nasality was not perceived as critically as increased nasality by the speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian de Boer
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Viviane Marino
- Department of Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília, Brazil
| | - Larissa Berti
- Department of Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília, Brazil
| | - Eliana Fabron
- Department of Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília, Brazil
| | | | - Tim Bressmann
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Odeh OM, Madison CL, Riski JE. Nasalance in Arabic-Speaking Jordanians: A Comparative Study. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 72:370-377. [PMID: 31505489 DOI: 10.1159/000502171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation sought to establish nasalance scores for Jordanian Arabic (JA) speakers, to develop nasalance speech stimuli for JA speakers, and to compare JA adult nasalance scores with those of Standard American English (SAE) speakers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants included normal native JA speakers (n = 100; males/females and adults/children) and adult SAE speakers (n = 49). Four speech tasks for JA speakers were developed, which included repetition of vowels, syllables, words, and sentences. Parallel speech tasks were also developed for SAE speakers. A nasometer (Nasometer II 6400; PENTAX Medical, Montvale, NJ, USA) was used to establish nasalance scores for all speakers across all speech tasks. RESULTS Nasalance values were established for adult and child JA speakers. The nasalance values were higher for Jordanian adults than for Jordanian children. No differences in nasalance were found between male and female Arabic speakers for nonnasal elements. JA speakers were significantly more nasal than SAE speakers on selected speech tasks. CONCLUSIONS Nasalance values for JA speakers were established for both adults and children, and Arabic speech materials were developed. The results of this investigation add to the growing body of research documenting differences in nasalance scores for normal speakers across different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruba M Odeh
- King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Charles L Madison
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - John E Riski
- Speech Pathology Laboratory, Center for Craniofacial Disorders, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Vanpoucke B, Cosyns M, Bettens K, Van Borsel J. Nasality in Homosexual Men: A Comparison with Heterosexual Men and Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1443-1449. [PMID: 30232654 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies reported that pitch and articulation may vary according to a person's sexual orientation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether homosexual males also demonstrate differences in nasal resonance compared to heterosexual males. Speech samples of 30 self-identified homosexual males, 35 heterosexual males, and 34 heterosexual females were compared both instrumentally and perceptually. Nasalance scores were calculated for the sounds /a/, /i/, /u/, and /m/ and for an oronasal, oral, and nasal text. In addition, the Nasality Severity Index was determined. Spontaneous speech samples were used for a perceptual evaluation of nasal resonance. Neither the nasalance scores nor the Nasality Severity Index were significantly different between the homosexual and heterosexual males. Heterosexual females, on the other hand, showed significantly higher nasalance values for the oronasal and oral text and a significantly lower Nasality Severity Index than both the homosexual and the heterosexual males. The perceptual judgment revealed no significant differences between the three groups. The results of this study suggest that, in contrast to pitch and articulation, nasality does not tend to vary with sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Vanpoucke
- Logopaedic and Audiological Sciences, Ghent University, UZ Gent 2P1, De Pintaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Cosyns
- Logopaedic and Audiological Sciences, Ghent University, UZ Gent 2P1, De Pintaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bettens
- Logopaedic and Audiological Sciences, Ghent University, UZ Gent 2P1, De Pintaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Borsel
- Logopaedic and Audiological Sciences, Ghent University, UZ Gent 2P1, De Pintaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Normal Patterns of Nasometric Values in Adult Jordanian Speakers of Arabic. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:2043-2047. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Xu J, Kang YA, Park SK, Yoon YH, Bai SJ, Jin YD, Kim YM, Rha KS. Nasality Changes With Age in Normal Korean-Speaking Adults. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 12:95-99. [PMID: 30257547 PMCID: PMC6315219 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects of aging on nasality and the influence of age-related changes in nasal cavity volume and nasal patency on nasality. Methods A total of 180 healthy Korean-speaking adult volunteers, who had no nasal or voice-related complaints, were enrolled in this study. Nasometry, acoustic rhinometry, and rhinomanometry were performed to obtain the nasalance score, nasal cavity volume, and nasal resistance, respectively. Changes in these parameters with age were analyzed. Results Nasal cavity volume increased significantly, and nasal resistance decreased significantly, with age. The nasalance scores for the nasal passage and oronasal passage decreased significantly with age, while there were no age-related changes in nasalance scores for the oral passage. Conclusion Nasalance scores for the passages containing nasal consonants decreased with age although significant increases were observed in nasal cavity volume and nasal patency with age. Therefore, the age-related decreases in nasalance scores may result from factors other than changes in the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Young-Ae Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shang Jie Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Yong De Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sang Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Nguyen VT, Lehes L, Truong TTH, Hoang TVA, Jagomägi T. Normative nasalance scores for Vietnamese-speaking children. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2017; 44:51-57. [DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2017.1389985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Thai Nguyen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Lagle Lehes
- Tartu University Hospital ENT Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Thi Van Anh Hoang
- The Office of Genetic Counseling and Disabled Children, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Triin Jagomägi
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Khwaileh FA, Alfwaress FSD, Kummer AW, Alrawashdeh M. Validity of test stimuli for nasalance measurement in speakers of Jordanian Arabic. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2017; 43:93-100. [PMID: 28879790 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2017.1370724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to establish the validity of passages for measuring nasalance of Jordanian speakers of Arabic. DESIGN Two Arabic text passages were constructed; the Spring Passage is devoid of nasal consonants and the Home Passage contains both oral and nasal consonants. Nasalance was measured for participants while reciting each passage three times. Perceptual ratings of hypernasality were also obtained for each participant on each passage using a 5-point equal-appearing rating scale. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven children and adults ranging in age between 9 and 26 years participated in the study. Twenty-three participants had no history of communication disorders, and 24 had repaired cleft palate. RESULTS Correlation coefficient between ratings of hypernasality and the nasalance scores was significant for the Spring Passage (r = 0.88, p > 0.001) and for the Home Passage (r = 0.78, p > .001). Using cutoff scores of 17% and 36% of nasalance for the Spring and the Home Passages, respectively, and a threshold score of 1.5 for hypernasality, sensitivity for the Spring Passage was 88% and the Home Passage was 78%. CONCLUSIONS Results showed the validity of the Spring Passage and the Home Passage in measuring nasalance scores as proved by their high sensitivity and strong correlation with perceptual rating of hypernasality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa A Khwaileh
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Firas S D Alfwaress
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Ann W Kummer
- b Division of Speech Language Pathology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ma'moun Alrawashdeh
- d Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Division , King Abdullah University Hospital , Irbid , Jordan
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Bruneel L, Luyten A, Bettens K, D'haeseleer E, Dhondt C, Hodges A, Galiwango G, Vermeersch H, Van Lierde K. Delayed primary palatal closure in resource-poor countries: Speech results in Ugandan older children and young adults with cleft (lip and) palate. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2017; 69:1-14. [PMID: 28675808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Unrepaired clefts still regularly occur in resource-poor countries as a result of limited health-care access. The purpose of the present study was to report resonance, airflow and articulation characteristics following delayed (≥8years) primary palatal closure. METHODS Fifteen Ugandan participants with cleft (lip and) palate (CP±L) were included as well as 15 age- and gender-matched Ugandan subjects without clefts. Palatal closure was performed at a mean age of 15;10 years using the Sommerlad technique. Speech evaluations were carried out on a single occasion postoperatively (mean age: 18;10 years). Resonance and nasal airflow were perceptually evaluated and detailed phonetic and phonological assessments were carried out. Additionally, nasalance values were determined. RESULTS Nasal emission occurred postoperatively in only 27% (4/15) of the patients, whereas resonance disorders and articulation errors were prevalent in 87% (13/15) of the patient group. Compared with the control group, a significantly higher prevalence of hypernasality and significantly higher nasalance values for all oral and oronasal speech samples were obtained in the CP±L group. Moreover, significantly smaller consonant inventories and significantly more phonetic and phonological disorders were observed. CONCLUSIONS Delayed palatal repair (≥8years) seems to be insufficient to eliminate nasal airflow errors, resonance abnormalities, and articulation disorders. In order to prevent patients' late presentation at specialized centers, the availability of high quality surgical cleft palate treatment should increase as well as people's awareness of the possibility and importance of early surgical intervention. Moreover, speech therapy following delayed palatal closure would be beneficial. Furthermore, a standardized and validated protocol for speech assessment in future studies is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bruneel
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Anke Luyten
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kim Bettens
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Cleo Dhondt
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), P.O. Box 46, Kisubi, Uganda.
| | - George Galiwango
- Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), P.O. Box 46, Kisubi, Uganda.
| | - Hubert Vermeersch
- Ghent University, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, De Pintelaan 185 2P2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; University of Pretoria, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Lynnwood Road Hillcrest, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Maturo DS, Pirola MNDCP, Ricz LNA, Trawitzki LVV. Nasalance of Brazilian Portuguese-speaking populations from two different states. Codas 2017; 29:e20160041. [PMID: 28327782 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172016041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the nasalance scores of Brazilian Portuguese-speaking young adults from the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais in order to investigate whether dialect variations and gender affect these scores. Methods Nasalance was assessed in 36 individuals: 20 native residents of Sao Paulo state (mean age=23 y.o.) and 16 native residents of Minas Gerais state (mean age=24 y.o.), following the same criteria. Nasalance measures were taken using the Nasometer II 6400 (KayPentax) device based on the reading of three texts (nasal-1, nasal-2, and oral). Intergroup nasalance scores were compared using the unpaired Student's t test considering two experimental groups. Results The nasalance scores in individuals from the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais were 52.7% and 48.8% for the nasal-1 text, 49.6% and 49.9% for the nasal-2 text, and 14.3% and 9.8% for the oral text, respectively. Statistical analysis comparing the mean nasalance scores in both groups showed significant difference (p=0.03) only for the oral text, in which individuals from Sao Paulo state presented higher scores. Conclusion Although nasalance scores were lower in individuals from Minas Gerais state compared with those of individuals from Sao Paulo state, both groups presented values within the normal range. The variable gender was not relevant in the nasalance assessment; however, a tendency for higher scores was observed in women compared with men from Minas Gerais state in the same group in the reading of the nasal-2 text. This study contributes to the knowledge of nasalance reference scores for two different populations of Brazilian Portuguese speakers; however, the results herein reported should be interpreted with caution due to the small study sample size.
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de Boer G, Marino VCDC, Berti LC, Fabron EMG, Bressmann T. Influence of Voice Focus on Oral-Nasal Balance in Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2016; 68:152-158. [DOI: 10.1159/000452245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bettens K, Wuyts FL, Jonckheere L, Platbrood S, Van Lierde K. Influence of gender and age on the Nasality Severity Index 2.0 in Dutch-speaking Flemish children and adults. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2016; 42:133-140. [PMID: 27841710 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2016.1245781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of gender and age on the Nasality Severity Index 2.0 (NSI 2.0), an instrumental multiparametric index to determine hypernasality. Additionally, reference values will be established for this new index. Influence of gender and age on the NSI 2.0 was explored in 80 Flemish-speaking children (4-12 years; 40 boys, 40 girls) and 60 Flemish-speaking adults (18-60 years, 30 men, 30 women) without resonance disorders by determining its incorporated acoustic parameters: nasalance of the vowel/u/and an oral text, determined by a Nasometer, and voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) of the vowel/i/. The equation yields NSI 2.0 = 13.20 - (0.0824 × nasalance/u/(%)) - (0.26 × nasalance oral text (%)) - (0.242 × VLHR/i/4.47*F0 Hz (dB)). No effect of gender or age was found on the NSI 2.0 in children. However, significant differences were found for the NSI 2.0, nasalance of/u/and an oral text between adult men and women. Additionally, an interaction effect between gender and age was found for these parameters. Consequently, separate reference values for the NSI 2.0 in children, adult men and adult women were established. Based on these reference scores, deviation of the NSI 2.0 score in patients with resonance disorders can be defined, which can determine the need for (additional) intervention. Further research can explore the possible influence of language on the index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bettens
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Floris L Wuyts
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Department of Biomedical Physics , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lisa Jonckheere
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Shanah Platbrood
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
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Kim HK, Yu XM, Cao YJ, Liu XM, Huang ZM. Dialectal and gender differences in nasalance for a Mandarin population. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2016; 30:119-130. [PMID: 26853731 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2015.1116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are dialectal and gender related differences in nasalance of main Mandarin vowels and three sentences in 400 Chinese normal adults. The mean nasalance score difference for dialect and gender was significant (p < .001) in all speech materials. For different dialects, the average nasalance scores show that Chongqing > Beijing > Shanghai > Guangzhou for the nasal sentence, oro-nasal sentence, /a/, /i/ and /u/. In addition, the average nasalance scores of females were higher than those of males for all speech materials in all dialects. The clinical significance of this study can be helpful in making nasalance clinical decisions for Chinese people with cleft palate, hearing disorders and dysarthria with resonance disorders. It also shows the theoretical and socio-cultural features for linguists considering dialects and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kyung Kim
- a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China
- b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao-meng Yu
- c Department of Teacher Education , Kunming University , Kunming , China
| | - Yan-jing Cao
- d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changsha Social Work College , Changsha , China
| | - Xiao-ming Liu
- e College of Special Education, Beijing Union University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhao-Ming Huang
- a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China
- b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
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Marino VCDC, Dutka JDCR, de Boer G, Cardoso VM, Ramos RG, Bressmann T. Normative Nasalance Scores for Brazilian Portuguese Using New Speech Stimuli. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2016; 67:238-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000441976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking adults and children: Effects of age, vowel context, and stimulus length. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1235-9. [PMID: 26089139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to collect nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking children and adults and to determine whether age, vowel contexts, and stimulus length influence nasalance scores. METHODS Fifty-seven children aged 4-6 years and 17 adults participated in the study. Mean nasalance scores were obtained for eight sentences devoid of nasal consonants divided into the vowel/a/and/i/contexts; the sentences consisted of 4, 8, 16, and 31 syllables. All subjects were asked to repeat the speech stimuli twice after the examiner. The headset of the nasometer was replaced between the first and second recordings. An average value of the nasalance scores from the two recordings for each stimulus was calculated and used in the statistical analysis as a representative measure for each subject. RESULTS Mean and standard deviations of nasalance scores were obtained for each speech stimulus and each age group. The statistical analysis indicated significant effects of age and vowel context and a significant interaction between age and the vowel context on nasalance scores. However, the effect of stimulus length on nasalance scores was not significant. All speakers had higher nasalance scores for the vowel/i/contexts than for the vowel/a/contexts. Adults had higher nasalance scores compared to children in both vowel contexts. CONCLUSIONS These normal nasalance values from Korean-speaking children aged 4-6 years will provide important reference information for resonance assessment of children with cleft palate who have been considered for secondary palatal surgery. The results of the study suggest that subjects' age and the vowel content of speech stimuli should be carefully considered when interpreting the nasalance scores.
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D''haeseleer E, Bettens K, De Mets S, De Moor V, Van Lierde K. Normative Data and Dialectical Effects on Nasalance in Flemish Adults. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2015; 67:42-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000374110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Elbashti ME, Hattori M, Sumita YI, Taniguchi H. Evaluation of articulation simulation system using artificial maxillectomy models. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 42:678-84. [PMID: 25975670 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic evaluation is valuable for guiding the treatment of maxillofacial defects and determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation with an obturator prosthesis. Model simulations are important in terms of pre-surgical planning and pre- and post-operative speech function. This study aimed to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of voice generated by an articulation simulation system using a vocal tract model with or without artificial maxillectomy defects. More specifically, we aimed to establish a speech simulation system for maxillectomy defect models that both surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists can use in guiding treatment planning. Artificially simulated maxillectomy defects were prepared according to Aramany's classification (Classes I-VI) in a three-dimensional vocal tract plaster model of a subject uttering the vowel /a/. Formant and nasalance acoustic data were analysed using Computerized Speech Lab and the Nasometer, respectively. Formants and nasalance of simulated /a/ sounds were successfully detected and analysed. Values of Formants 1 and 2 for the non-defect model were 675.43 and 976.64 Hz, respectively. Median values of Formants 1 and 2 for the defect models were 634.36 and 1026.84 Hz, respectively. Nasalance was 11% in the non-defect model, whereas median nasalance was 28% in the defect models. The results suggest that an articulation simulation system can be used to help surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists to plan post-surgical defects that will be facilitate maxillofacial rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Elbashti
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hattori
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y I Sumita
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Taniguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Pegoraro-Krook MI, Marino VCDC, Silva L, Dutka JDCR. Correlação entre nasalância e nasalidade em crianças com hipernasalidade. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201415113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Effect of Gender on Measures of Electroglottographic Contact Quotient. J Voice 2013; 27:433-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abou-Elsaad T, Quriba A, Baz H, Elkassaby R. Standardization of nasometry for normal Egyptian Arabic speakers. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2013; 64:271-7. [PMID: 23328484 DOI: 10.1159/000343999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to collect the normative values of nasalance for Egyptian Arabic speakers in different age groups, using Arabic speech samples in order to compare patients with disturbed nasality. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 300 normal Egyptian volunteers divided into three groups according to their ages: group I = children (n = 92; age 3 years, 3 months to 9 years), group II = teenagers (n = 76; age 9-18 years) and group III = adults (n = 132; age above 18 years). The Nasometer II 6400 was used for the analysis of speech samples. All subjects were asked to perform four speech tasks that were based on the MacKay-Kummer SNAP Test-R and modified to be applicable to the Arabic language, especially to the Egyptian dialect. RESULTS The normative values for nasometric assessment in the different age groups were studied. The results demonstrated nasalance score variations according to age and gender. Most of the nasalance score norms of the Egyptian children demonstrated statistically significant differences when compared with the norms of children for the MacKay-Kummer Test-R. CONCLUSION The Egyptian Arabic SNAP test is an easy, noninvasive and objective procedure that is suitable for all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Abou-Elsaad
- Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Brunnegård K, Lohmander A, van Doorn J. Comparison between perceptual assessments of nasality and nasalance scores. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2012; 47:556-566. [PMID: 22938066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different reports of the usefulness of the Nasometer™ as a complement to listening, often as correlation calculations between listening and nasalance measurements. Differences between findings have been attributed to listener experience and types of speech stimuli. AIMS To compare nasalance scores from the Nasometer with perceptual assessments, for the same and different Swedish speech stimuli, using three groups of listeners with differing levels of experience in judging speech nasality. METHODS & PROCEDURES To compare nasalance scores and blinded listener ratings of randomized recordings using three groups of listeners and two groups of speakers. Speakers were either classified as having hypernasal speech or speech with typical speech resonance. Listeners were speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working predominantly with resonance disorders, other SLPs and untrained listeners. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Correlations (r(s)) between hypernasality ratings and nasalance scores for each listener group and speech stimuli were calculated. For both groups of SLPs all correlations between perceptual ratings and nasalance scores were significant at p= 0.01. The correlations between the nasalance scores and ratings by listeners in the SLP groups were higher than those for the untrained listener group regardless of stimulus type. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-tests showed that the only difference that was significant was expert SLP group versus untrained listener group. Secondly, correlations between perceptual ratings and oral stimulus nasalance scores were higher when the perceptual ratings were based on spontaneous speech rather than on the oral stimulus. However, a Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the difference was not significant. A third finding was that correlations between oral stimulus nasalance scores and perceptual scores were higher than those between mixed stimulus nasalance scores and perceptual scores. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the difference was significant. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The Nasometer might be useful for the SLP with limited experience in assessing resonance disorders in differentiating between hyper- and hyponasality. With listener reliability for ratings of hypernasality still being an issue, the use of a nasalance score as a complement to the perceptual evaluation will also aid the expert SLP. It will give an alternative way of quantifying speech resonance and might help in especially hard to judge cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Brunnegård
- Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
The aim was to establish normative nasalance values for Irish English-speaking adults. Thirty men and 30 women with normal resonance read aloud 16 sentences from the Irish nasality assessment protocol, the Zoo passage, and the Rainbow passage. The speech samples were recorded using the Nasometer II 6400. Results of a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA indicated no significant gender effect on nasalance scores. The speakers showed significantly higher nasalance scores for high-pressure consonant sentences than low-pressure consonant sentences, and for the Rainbow passage than total test sentences. There was no significant difference between high-pressure consonant sentences and the Zoo passage. Compared to previous studies, the Irish young adults had lower nasalance scores than Irish children and than young adults with North American dialects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lee
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
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Sarac ET, Kayikci MEK, Ozkan S. Nasality evaluation of Turkish phonemes in vowel-consonant combinations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:894-8. [PMID: 21612830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to find average nasalance values of Turkish syllables with the nasometer. METHODS This study is done at Hacettepe University Department of Otolaryngology Audiology and Speech Pathology Unit with 50 participating children. RESULTS The normative nasalance values of Turkish phonemes are determined. It is found that nasalance scores of syllables that is combined with/i/phoneme is statistically have higher nasalance scores than/a/and/e/phonemes (p<0.05). There is no difference find statistically between age and nasalance value (p>0.05). Statistical difference between age and nasalance score is found in "iki, şe, eşe, işi, aç, eç, çi, içi, iç, al, yi, iy, iyi, yiy, ana, ne" syllables (p<0.05). These phonemes have positive relation with the age. There is no statistical difference between sex and nasalance scores (p<0.05). Statistical difference is only found in "tat- te- li- lil- aya" syllables (p<0.05). On these phonemes it is found that girls have higher nasalance score than boys. CONCLUSION As a result, it is thought that gathered nasalance values of Turkish phonemes will be useful for resonance disorder diagnosis and follow ups on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugba Sarac
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine Ear Nose Throat Department Audiology & Speech Pathology Unit, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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