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Zhao J, Chen X, Ho KH, Cai C, Li CW, Yang M, Yi C. Nanotechnology for diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: Evolution towards theranostic approaches. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhou N, Zhi Z, Liu D, Wang D, Shao Y, Yan K, Meng L, Yu D. Acid-Responsive and Biologically Degradable Polyphosphazene Nanodrugs for Efficient Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4285-4293. [PMID: 33463351 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the damage to normal tissues in cancer chemotherapy, it is indispensable to develop drug delivery carriers with controllable release and good biocompatibility. In this work, acid-responsive and degradable polyphosphazene (PPZ) nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of hexachlorotripolyphosphonitrile (HCCP) with 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid (4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide (HBHBH) and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The controlled release of DOX could be realized based on the acid responsiveness of acylhydrazone in HBHBH. Experimental results showed that polyphosphazene nanoparticles remained stable in the body's normal fluids (pH ∼ 7.4), while they were degraded and controllable release of DOX in an acidic environment such as tumors (pH ∼ 6.8) and lysosome and endosome (∼5.0) in cancer cells In particular, the doxorubicin (DOX)-loading ratio was fair high and could be tuned from 10.6 to 52.6% by changing the dosing ratio of DOX to HBHBH. Meanwhile, the polyphosphazene nanodrugs showed excellent toxicity to tumor cells and reduced the side effect to normal cells both in vitro and in vivo due to their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and pH-sensitive degradation properties. Therefore, the constructed pH-sensitive drug delivery system has great potential for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhe Zhi
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daomeng Liu
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daquan Wang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Yan L, Gu X, Wang Z, Qi Z. Fe
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‐Responsive Micelle Based on an Amphiphilic Polymer and a Rhodamine B‐Containing Amphiphile in Aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and BioengineeringGuilin University of Technology Guilin, Guangxi 541004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189 P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189 P. R. China
| | - Zhengjian Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189 P. R. China
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Yang M, Feng X, Ding J, Chang F, Chen X. Nanotherapeutics relieve rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 2017; 252:108-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ullah RS, Wang L, Yu H, Abbasi NM, Akram M, -ul-Abdin Z, Saleem M, Haroon M, Khan RU. Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with different side groups and various tactics for drug delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are hybrid polymers comprising a main chain containing nitrogen and phosphorous linked through interchanging single and double bonds, and side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Summe Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Nasir M. Abbasi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zain -ul-Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Suksiriworapong J, Phoca K, Ngamsom S, Sripha K, Moongkarndi P, Junyaprasert VB. Comparison of poly(ε-caprolactone) chain lengths of poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-d-α-tocopheryl-poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate nanoparticles for enhancement of quercetin delivery to SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 101:15-24. [PMID: 26802701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the different hydrophobic chain lengths of poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (P(CL)-TPGS) copolymers on the nanoparticle properties and delivery efficiency of quercetin to SKBR3 breast cancer cells. The 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 P(CL)-TPGS copolymers were fabricated and found to be composed of 25.0%, 45.2% and 66.8% of hydrophobic P(CL) chains with respect to the polymer chain, respectively. The DSC measurement indicated the microphase separation of P(CL) and TPGS segments. The crystallization of P(CL) segment occurred when the P(CL) chain was higher than 25% due to the restricted mobility of P(CL) by TPGS. The longer P(CL) chain had the higher crystallinity while decreasing the crystallinity of TPGS segment. The increasing P(CL) chain length increased the particle size of P(CL)-TPGS nanoparticles from 20 to 205 nm and enhanced the loading capacity of quercetin due to the more hydrophobicity of the nanoparticle core. The release of quercetin was retarded by an increase in P(CL) chain length associated with the increasing hydrophobicity and crystallinity of P(CL)-TPGS copolymers. The P(CL)-TPGS nanoparticles potentiated the toxicity of quercetin to SKBR3 cells by at least 2.9 times compared to the quercetin solution. The cellular uptake of P(CL)-TPGS nanoparticles by SKBR3 cells occurred through cholesterol-dependent endocytosis. The 10:1 P(CL)-TPGS nanoparticles showed the highest toxicity and uptake efficiency and could be potentially used for the delivery of quercetin to breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraphong Suksiriworapong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kittisak Phoca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supakanda Ngamsom
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Sripha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Primchanien Moongkarndi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Varaporn Buraphacheep Junyaprasert
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Ceschan NE, Bucalá V, Ramírez-Rigo MV. Polymeric microparticles containing indomethacin for inhalatory administration. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ke X, Ng VWL, Ono RJ, Chan JM, Krishnamurthy S, Wang Y, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Role of non-covalent and covalent interactions in cargo loading capacity and stability of polymeric micelles. J Control Release 2014; 193:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wei X, Lv X, Zhao Q, Qiu L. Thermosensitive β-cyclodextrin modified poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles prolong the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin following local injection. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6953-63. [PMID: 23416577 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel biodegradable and injectable in situ gel-forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive β-cyclodextrin-modified poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) co-polymer (PCEC-β-CD) was studied in this work. The drug encapsulating capacity has been improved by introducing β-CD bound to the PCEC co-polymer. The prepared PCEC-β-CD co-polymers self-assembled in water to form micelles, and underwent a temperature-dependent gel-sol transition, which was in the form of a flowing injectable solution at low temperatures but became a non-flowing gel at around physiological body temperature. Furthermore, a small hydrophobic drug molecule indomethacin (IND) was successfully encapsulated in PCEC-β-CD micelles by dialysis at a high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity. The IND-loaded micelles (IND-M) exhibited controlled release in vitro. Additionally, a pharmacodynamic study in vivo based on both the carrageenan-induced acute and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis models indicated that sustained therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through subcutaneous injection of IND-loaded micelles. A significant improvement in the anti-inflammatory effect of IND in rats occurred on encapsulation in PCEC-β-CD micelles.
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Teasdale I, Brüggemann O. Polyphosphazenes: Multifunctional, Biodegradable Vehicles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2013; 5:161-187. [PMID: 24729871 PMCID: PMC3982046 DOI: 10.3390/polym5010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly[(organo)phosphazenes] are a unique class of extremely versatile polymers with a range of applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery, as hydrogels, shape memory polymers and as stimuli responsive materials. This review aims to divulge the basic principles of designing polyphosphazenes for drug and gene delivery and portray the huge potential of these extremely versatile materials for such applications. Polyphosphazenes offer a number of distinct advantages as carriers for bioconjugates; alongside their completely degradable backbone, to non-toxic degradation products, they possess an inherently and uniquely high functionality and, thanks to recent advances in their polymer chemistry, can be prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities, as well as self-assembled supra-molecular structures. Importantly, the rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers can be carefully tuned to suit the desired application. In this review we detail the recent developments in the chemistry of polyphosphazenes, relevant to drug and gene delivery and describe recent investigations into their application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
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Che L, Zhou J, Li S, He H, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Jia Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li X. Assembled nanomedicines as efficient and safe therapeutics for articular inflammation. Int J Pharm 2012; 439:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Qiu L, Chen Y, Gao M, Zheng C, Zhao Q. Phagocytic uptake and ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in human hepatic cell line of amphiphilic polyphosphazene nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:285-97. [PMID: 22969066 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pH-responsive amphiphilic polyphosphazenes bearing N,N-diisopropylethylenediamine (DPA) have been proven to be promising nanovehicles for drug antitumor therapy. To further modify these amphiphilic polyphosphazenes with fluorescent labeling agent or other biochemical functional groups, serine methyl ester containing active chemical group NH(2) was chosen to be introduced to get a novel polymer [NP(PEG)(0.24) (DPA)(0.5)(SME)(1.26) (n) (PDS-NH(2) ). Considering the possible toxic effect of -NH(2) group, the biocompatibility in bloodstream and nanotoxicity on human normal hepatic L-02 cells was evaluated in this study. The polymer [NP(PEG)(0.24)(DPA)(0.5)(SME-BOC)(1.26)](n) (PDS-BOC) linked with tert-butyloxycarbonyl groups to protect and hide -NH(2) group was applied as the comparison. First, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and phagocytic uptake behavior in human THP-1 macrophages were performed. The results suggested that only a minor percentage of the nanoparticles were involved in BSA binding and phagocytic uptake as the result of PEGylation on the particulate surface. To determine the nanotoxicity on human normal hepatic L-02 cells, we measured cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, reactive oxygen species generation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the levels of the apoptotic signaling proteins in L-02 cells after the cells being exposed to nanoparticles of different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/mL) for 24 h. Our data indicated that the two nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner; PDS-NH(2) caused more cytotoxicity than PDS-BOC as a result of -NH(2) exposure. The increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 suggested that they triggered apoptosis through mitochondria-dependent pathways in L-02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Qiu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Tian Y, Mao S. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles as the nanocarrier for peroral delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:687-700. [PMID: 22519507 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.681299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many amphiphilic copolymers have recently been synthesized as novel promising micellar carriers for the delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs. Studies on the formulation and oral delivery of such micelles have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing drug uptake and absorption, and exhibit prolonged circulation time in vitro and in vivo. AREAS COVERED In this review, literature on hydrophobic modifications of several hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene glycol, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, pluronic and tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, is summarized. Parameters influencing the properties of polymeric micelles for oral chemotherapy are discussed and strategies to overcome main barriers for polymeric micelles peroral absorption are proposed. EXPERT OPINION During the design of polymeric micelles for peroral chemotherapy, selecting or synthesizing copolymers with good compatibility with the drug is an effective strategy to increase drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Stability of the micelles can be improved in different ways. It is recommended to take permeability, mucoadhesion, sustained release, and P-glycoprotein inhibition into consideration during copolymer preparation or to consider adding some excipients in the formulation. Furthermore, both the copolymer structure and drug loading methods should be controlled in order to get micelles with appropriate particle size for better absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, China
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Sahib MN, Darwis Y, Peh KK, Abdulameer SA, Fung Tan YT. Incorporation of Beclomethasone Dipropionate into Polyethylene Glycol-Diacyl Lipid Micelles as a Pulmonary Delivery System. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Naji Sahib
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Yusrida Darwis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang; Malaysia
| | - Kok Khiang Peh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang; Malaysia
| | | | - Yvonne Tze Fung Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang; Malaysia
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Functionalized (poly(ɛ-caprolactone))2-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles with grafting nicotinic acid as drug carriers. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sahib MN, Darwis Y, Peh KK, Abdulameer SA, Tan YTF. Rehydrated sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for nebulization: physicochemical characterization and in vitro, in vivo evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2351-66. [PMID: 22072872 PMCID: PMC3205131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled corticosteroids provide unique systems for local treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the use of poorly soluble drugs for nebulization has been inadequate, and many patients rely on large doses to achieve optimal control of their disease. Theoretically, nanotechnology with a sustained-release formulation may provide a favorable therapeutic index. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for pulmonary delivery via nebulization. METHODS PEG(5000)-DSPE polymeric micelles containing budesonide (BUD-SSMs) were prepared by the coprecipitation and reconstitution method, and the physicochemical and pharmacodynamic characteristics of BUD-SSMs were investigated. RESULTS The optimal concentration of solubilized budesonide at 5 mM PEG(5000)-DSPE was 605.71 ± 6.38 μg/mL, with a single-sized peak population determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and a particle size distribution of 21.51 ± 1.5 nm. The zeta potential of BUD-SSMs was -28.43 ± 1.98 mV. The percent entrapment efficiency, percent yield, and percent drug loading of the lyophilized formulations were 100.13% ± 1.09%, 97.98% ± 1.95%, and 2.01% ± 0.02%, respectively. Budesonide was found to be amorphous by differential scanning calorimetry, and had no chemical interaction with PEGylated polymer according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopic images of BUD-SSMs revealed spherical nanoparticles. BUD-SSMs exhibited prolonged dissolution behavior compared with Pulmicort Respules (P < 0.05). Aerodynamic characteristics indicated significantly higher deposition in the lungs compared with Pulmicort Respules. The mass median aerodynamic, geometric standard deviation, percent emitted dose, and the fine particle fraction were 2.83 ± 0.08 μm, 2.33 ± 0.04 μm, 59.13% ± 0.19%, and 52.31% ± 0.25%, respectively. Intratracheal administration of BUD-SSMs 23 hours before challenge (1 mg/kg) in an asthmatic/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rat model led to a significant reduction in inflammatory cell counts (76.94 ± 5.11) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with administration of Pulmicort Respules (25.06 ± 6.91). CONCLUSION The BUD-SSMs system might be advantageous for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Naji Sahib
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Tan SW, Wang HJ, Tu KH, Jiang HL, Wang LQ. Ibuprofen induced drug loaded polymeric micelles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Influence of indomethacin-loading on the micellization and drug release of thermosensitive dextran-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:832-864. [PMID: 21769165 PMCID: PMC3136871 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
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Jadhav VB, Toti US, Cui JX, Jun YJ, Sohn YS. Amphiphilic Cyclotriphosphazenes Grafted with Branched Oligopeptides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kuskov AN, Voskresenskaya AA, Goryachaya AV, Artyukhov AA, Shtilman MI, Tsatsakis AM. Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles containing indomethacin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1521-1530. [PMID: 20177741 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone derivatives (Amph-PVP) with different molecular weight of hydrophilic PVP fragment and one terminal hydrophobic n-alkyl fragment of different length were synthesized for preparation of nano-scaled particles in aqueous media. To estimate novel polymer efficiency and perspective as basis for drug delivery systems, the polymeric micelle-like particles were prepared by dialysis and solvent evaporation methods. Indomethacin was incorporated into hydrophobic inner core of these nanoparticles as a typical model drug. From the dynamic light-scattering measurements, the size of particles formed was less than 200 nm with narrow monodisperse size distribution and nanoparticles size slightly increased with the amount of indomethacin encapsulated into inner core of Amph-PVP particles. The critical aggregation concentration values for prepared polymer samples determined by fluorescence spectroscopy were in micromole range which is lower than it is for common low molecular weight surfactants. As the hydrophobic fragment of amphiphilic polymer increased, the critical aggregation concentration values decreased. An increase of polymer hydrophilic fragment molecular weight produced larger nanoaggregates. In vitro release experiments using indomethacin-loaded Amph-PVP nanoparticles exhibited the sustained release behavior without any burst effect for most polymer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Kuskov
- D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemistry Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L, Gu W, Li Y. Urocanic Acid Improves Transfection Efficiency of Polyphosphazene with Primary Amino Groups for Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:419-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wangwen Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wanamaker CL, Bluemle MJ, Pitet LM, O'Leary LE, Tolman WB, Hillmyer MA. Consequences of polylactide stereochemistry on the properties of polylactide-polymenthide-polylactide thermoplastic elastomers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:2904-11. [PMID: 19775147 DOI: 10.1021/bm900721p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of polylactide-polymenthide-polylactide triblock copolymers containing either amorphous poly(D,L-lactide) or semicrystalline, enantiopure poly(L-lactide) or poly(D-lactide) end segments were synthesized. Small-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry data were consistent with microphase separation of these materials. The Young's moduli and ultimate tensile strengths of the semicrystalline triblock copolymers were 2- and 3-fold greater, respectively, than their amorphous analogs. Symmetric (50:50) and asymmetric (95:5) blends of the triblock copolymers containing two different enantomeric forms of the polylactide segments formed stereocomplex crystallites, as revealed by wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. Compared to the enantiopure analogs, these blends exhibited similar ultimate elongations and tensile strengths, but significantly increased Young's moduli. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the properties of these new biorenewable thermoplastic elastomers can be systematically modulated by changing the stereochemistry of the polylactide end blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Wanamaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
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26
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Fluorescence spectroscopy of small peptides interacting with microheterogeneous micelles. Int J Pharm 2010; 383:154-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hesaraki S, Moztarzadeh F, Nezafati N. Evaluation of a bioceramic-based nanocomposite material for controlled delivery of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Med Eng Phys 2009; 31:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past few years, health and medicine have been domains where nanotechnologies have shown great promise, in particular in the area of drug carriers and drug targeting. Many active substances suffer from poor solubility, instability in biological medium and low bioavailability. Inaccurate distribution and accumulation of the drug in the body could lead to some side effects possibly detrimental to drug development. With the advent of nanosciences applied to medicine, new tools are becoming available, giving rise to a whole range of drug carriers with different properties and functionalities. Nanocarriers should play a crucial role in the controlled and sustained delivery of drugs. Various types of functional nanosystems are currently being explored and the aim of this review is to give an overview of the most recent advances in the field of nanometric drug carriers, including future strategies and perspectives.
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Rutnakornpituk M, Meerod S, Boontha B, Wichai U. Magnetic core-bilayer shell nanoparticle: A novel vehicle for entrapmentof poorly water-soluble drugs. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qiu LY, Yan MQ. Constructing doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles through amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes containing ethyl tryptophan and PEG segments. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2132-41. [PMID: 19282261 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By changing the molar ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, a series of novel amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes (PEG/EtTrp-PPPs) was synthesized via thermal ring-opening polymerization and a subsequent two-step substitution reaction of hydrophilic methoxyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and hydrophobic ethyl tryptophan (EtTrp). (1)H-Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies validated the expected synthesis of copolymers. The copolymer composition was also confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The molar ratio of the segment PEG to group EtTrp was 1.33:0.67, 1.01:0.99 and 0.78:1.22, respectively. Micellization behavior of PEG/EtTrp-PPPs in an aqueous phase was characterized by fluorescence technique, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the graft copolymer in aqueous solution was 0.158, 0.033 and 0.020gl(-1), which decreased as the hydrophobic content in amphiphilic copolymers increased. Doxorubicin (DOX) was physically loaded into micelles prepared by an O/W emulsion method with a drug loading content increasing with DOX feeding. In vitro release of DOX from micelles can be accelerated in weak acidic solution. The results of cytotoxicity study using an MTT assay method with HeLa cell showed that amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes were biocompatible while DOX-loaded micelles achieved comparable cytotoxicity with that of free DOX. In summary, these novel amphiphilic copolymers exhibited potential to be used as injectable drug carriers for tumor treatment.
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Yuksel N, Beba L. Preparation and optimization of superabsorbent hydrogel micromatrices based on poly(acrylic acid), partly sodium salt-g-poly(ethylene oxide) for modified release of indomethacin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:756-67. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802582204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Feng Z, Fan G, Wang H, Gao C, Shen J. Polyphosphazene Microcapsules Fabricated through Covalent Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:448-52. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zheng C, Qiu L, Yao X, Zhu K. Novel micelles from graft polyphosphazenes as potential anti-cancer drug delivery systems: drug encapsulation and in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2009; 373:133-40. [PMID: 19429298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new class of amphiphilic methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) grafted polyphosphazene with glycine ethyl ester side groups (PPP-g-PEG/GlyEt) was synthesized and characterized. An anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into polymeric micelles derived from those copolymers, which exhibited considerably strong impact on micelle morphology: turned the rod-like and spherical drug free micelles into spheres and vesicles respectively. The in vitro release behavior of those drug-loaded micelles exhibits a sustained release manner and is affected by drug content. Cytotoxicity assay against adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line showed that drug-loaded micelles based on PPP-g-PEG/GlyEt micelles can effectively suppress cell proliferation and the cytotoxicity was both time and concentration related, an enhanced cytotoxicity was observed either with increasing drug concentration or with prolonged incubation time. Moreover, flow cytometry results revealed a particle size dependency in cellular uptake of drug-loaded micelles. These findings suggest that the present copolymers can encapsulate water insoluble anti-cancer agents and contribute to improve drug sensitivity of adriamycin-resistant cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zheng C, Qiu L, Zhu K. Novel polymersomes based on amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes and their encapsulation of water-soluble anti-cancer drug. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang J, Ma P. Polymeric Core-Shell Assemblies Mediated by Host-Guest Interactions: Versatile Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhang J, Ma PX. Polymeric core-shell assemblies mediated by host-guest interactions: versatile nanocarriers for drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:964-8. [PMID: 19101966 PMCID: PMC2790824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydrophilic-hydrophilic block copolymer with one block containing β-cyclodextrin was synthesized. Core-shell structured nano-assemblies with chemical sensitivity could be constructed by this copolymer in the presence of hydrophobic compounds. By selecting appropriate guest components, polyion complex micelles could also be assembled. These results suggest the potential versatile applications of this type of copolymers in pharmaceutics, nanomedicine, and nano-biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Qiu LY, Wu XL, Jin Y. Doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic polyphosphazenes with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and ethyl glycinate as side groups: synthesis, preparation and in vitro evaluation. Pharm Res 2008; 26:946-57. [PMID: 19101785 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct novel doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles based on polyphosphazenes containing N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers and evaluate their various properties as well as in vitro anticancer effect. METHODS These amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes PNDGP were synthesized via thermal ring-opening polymerization and subsequent two-step substitution reaction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic side groups. Micellization behavior in an aqueous phase was confirmed by fluorescence technique, DLS and TEM. Doxorubicin (DOX) was physically loaded into micelles by dialysis or O/W emulsion method. CLSM and MTT test were applied to observe intracellular drug distribution and determine cytotoxicity of drug-loaded micelles on Hela and HepG2 cells lines, respectively. RESULTS A series of PNDGPs with controlled substitution ratios were obtained. Poly(NIPAm-co-DMAA) can act as hydrophilic segments in micellular system since its LCST was over 37 degrees C when PNIPAm was copolymerized with DMAA. The CMC value was decreased with the increase of Glyet content. In addition, more hydrophobic group content introduced into the polymer would facilitate DOX encapsulation into the micelle. DOX-loaded micelle could achieve comparative cytotoxicity as free drug via endocytosis and succedent drug release into cytoplasm of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that these polymers might be used as potential carriers of hydrophobic anti-tumor drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan Qiu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang JX, Li SH, Li XH, Qiu LY, Li XD, Li XJ, Jin Y, Zhu KJ. Physicochemical characterization,in vitro, andin vivoevaluation of indomethacin-loaded nanocarriers self-assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:914-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yang L, Kuang J, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang LM. Loading andin vitro Controlled Release of Indomethacin Using Amphiphilic Cholesteryl-Bearing Carboxymethylcellulose Derivatives. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:279-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Lu HW, Zhang LM, Liu JY, Chen RF. Synthesis of an Amphiphilic Polysaccharide Derivative and Its Micellization for Drug Release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911507088272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new route for the synthesis of novel amphiphilic polysaccharides was developed, in which a synthetic biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) was capped with a phenylalanine group (PCL-phenylalanine). The ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) was carried out in the absence of a metal catalyst with L-phenylalanine as the initiator; this was followed by a coupling reaction with biodegradable dextran in the presence of carbonyldimidazole. The FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirm the coupling reaction. Fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm that in aqueous solution the amphiphilic polysaccharides self-assemble into the nanoscale spherical micelles with good stability. The in vitro drug release behavior of the nonsteroidal indomethacin drug exhibits sustained drug release profile as described by the Higuchi model without a burst effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China,
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ru-Fu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Sun Yet-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Yu JM, Li YJ, Qiu LY, Jin Y. Self-aggregated nanoparticles of cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan conjugate: Preparation, characterization, and preliminary assessment as a new drug delivery carrier. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Bone healing process in critical-sized defects by rhBMP-2 using poloxamer gel and collagen sponge as carriers. Micron 2008; 39:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Controllable synthesis and micelles preparation of tri-block copolymers from 2,2-dimethyl-trimethylene carbonate and ethylene glycol. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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