1
|
Şahbat Y, Kocaoğlu B, Ollivier M, Cerciello S, Akgün D, Alentorn-Geli E, Kayaalp ME, Akın HF, Knauer P, Hariri A, Mocini F, Bartroli AP, Seil R. Information videos posted on Instagram by orthopaedics and sports traumatology surgeons mostly explain surgical technique, and the least mentioned topics are injury prevention and complications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1160-1167. [PMID: 38488237 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social media has become the new information acquisition platform for all content producers. In the current literature, there are no studies examining the content quality and the strengths and weaknesses of videos on Instagram that explain anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, which is the most discussed topic of sports surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, strengths and weaknesses of information pertaining to ACL surgery that is disseminated on Instagram. METHOD An Instagram search was conducted from 30 May 2023 to 30 January 2024. The search encompassed six languages (English, Spanish, German, French, Italian and Turkish) and was performed by six different observers. The investigation focused on eight subheadings derived from current literature on the ACL. These subheadings were addressed in Instagram videos, covering ACL biology or biomechanics, injury mechanism, injury prevention, injury evaluation, surgical technique, injury or surgery complications, injury rehabilitation process and return to sport or work. RESULT The content was assessed of 127 videos from 127 Instagram accounts, spanning six different languages. Across the review of eight subheadings, the average number covered for the entire group was 3 (range, 0-8). Further analysis revealed that surgical technique was the most frequently mentioned subheading for the whole group (68.5%), followed by injury evaluation (54.3%). Prevention (10.2%) and complications (19.6%) were the least mentioned subheadings. The number of followers showed a correlation with video content quality. CONCLUSION Although the video quality scores were found to be moderate, the content often focused on surgery and evaluation subheadings. The prevalence of incomplete information underscores the importance of developing strategies to ensure more comprehensive and accurate dissemination of medical knowledge. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Şahbat
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
- Institute of Movement Sciences, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Barış Kocaoğlu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- Institute of Movement Sciences, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Simone Cerciello
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
| | - Doruk Akgün
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Alentorn-Geli
- Instituto Cugat, Hospital Quiron Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Mutualidad de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol - Delegación Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahmut Enes Kayaalp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Kartal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Furkan Akın
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Poroshista Knauer
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdulaziz Hariri
- Institute of Movement Sciences, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aleix Pons Bartroli
- Instituto Cugat, Hospital Quiron Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Mutualidad de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol - Delegación Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Seil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson AJ, Wharton BR, Geraghty EH, Bradsell H, Ishikawa A, McCarty EC, Bravman JT, Frank RM. Patient Perception of Social Media Use by Orthopaedic Surgeons: A Pilot Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241232707. [PMID: 38465258 PMCID: PMC10921856 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241232707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social media (SM) use by orthopaedic surgeons is becoming increasingly common; nonetheless, it needs to be clarified how patients perceive the content posted by physicians. Purpose To characterize SM content posted by orthopaedic surgeons while investigating patient perceptions of this content and how it may influence their health care decisions. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Posts on SM outlets by orthopaedic surgeons were reviewed and categorized. A survey to assess patient perception of these categories was administered between December 2021 and February 2022 in the clinics of 3 orthopaedic surgeons. Survey results were analyzed for differences in patient SM use and perception of SM content types. Results There were 250 completed surveys. SM use was high among all age groups; however, the 18 to 24 years (87.1%) and 25 to 34 years (86.4%) age groups were more likely than older age groups to report daily use (P = .002). Overall, 17% of patients reported using SM to see information about their health care at least once per month, 21% reported reviewing the SM account of a physician at least once per month, 19% reported that they were likely or very likely to view the SM account of their physician, and 23% reported that SM content was likely or very likely to influence which physician they see. Patients held the most consistently positive view of posts that educated patients, discussed sports team coverage, and provided patient testimonials. Patients had consistently neutral views of posts educating colleagues, discussing presentations at national meetings, displaying aspects of surgeons' personal lives, and supporting marginalized groups. Several post categories elicited highly polarized responses-including those discussing research publications and showing surgical techniques or pictures/videos taken during surgery. Respondents had a consistently negative response to posts making political statements. Conclusion SM is likely a useful tool to help physicians interact with patients. Physicians who wish to interact with patients should consider posting content viewed most positively-including posts educating patients, discussing sports team coverage, and providing patient testimonials. Content that is viewed less favorably should be posted sparingly or with a sensitive tag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hannah Bradsell
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Ishikawa
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric C McCarty
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Rachel M Frank
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kerzner B, Dasari SP, Swindell HW, Obioha OA, Khan ZA, Rea PM, Fortier LM, Haynes MS, Chahla J. Association Between Social Media Activity and Ratings on Physician Review Websites Among Orthopaedic Surgeons With an Active Online Media Presence. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671231209794. [PMID: 38332847 PMCID: PMC10851734 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social media has the potential to play a substantial role in the decision-making of patients when choosing a physician for care. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between physician social media activity and patient satisfaction ratings on physician review websites (PRWs) as well as number of reviews. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant association between physician social media utilization and patient satisfaction ratings. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine database was queried for the complete membership list. The online media profile and level of activity of the members were evaluated, and an online media presence score was calculated. The surgeons with the approximately top 10% of online media presence scores were compiled to assess the relationship between social media usage (Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook) and patient satisfaction ratings on the Google Reviews, Healthgrades, and Vitals PRWs. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare demographic variables and level of online presence. Results A total of 325 surgeons were included in the analysis. The most common platform used was Facebook (88.3%). There was no significant relationship between active social media use and overall ratings on any of the PRWs. Active Twitter use was associated with a greater number of ratings on all review websites, a greater number of comments on Google Reviews and Healthgrades, and shorter patient-reported clinic wait times on Healthgrades. Active Instagram use was associated with a greater number of comments on Vitals. No relationships were observed for YouTube or Facebook. Conclusion For the included sports medicine surgeons who were most active on social media, no significant relationships were found between social media use and overall ratings on PRWs. Of all the platforms assessed, active use of Twitter was the only significant predictor of more reviews on PRWs. Thus, when deciding which form of social media engagement to prioritize in building one's practice, Twitter may serve as a relatively low-demand, high-reward option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerzner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suhas P. Dasari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hasani W. Swindell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Obianuju A. Obioha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zeeshan A. Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Parker M. Rea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luc M. Fortier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Monique S. Haynes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasan V, Cheng CP, Lerner DK, Vujovic D, van Gerwen M, Iloreta AM. A natural language processing approach to uncover patterns among online ratings of otolaryngologists. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1384-1388. [PMID: 36938802 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients increasingly use physician rating websites to evaluate and choose potential healthcare providers. A sentiment analysis and machine learning approach can uniquely analyse written prose to quantitatively describe patients' perspectives from interactions with their physicians. METHODS Online written reviews and star scores were analysed from Healthgrades.com using a natural language processing sentiment analysis package. Demographics of otolaryngologists were compared and a multivariable regression for individual words was performed. RESULTS This study analysed 18 546 online reviews of 1240 otolaryngologists across the USA. Younger otolaryngologists (aged less than 40 years) had higher sentiment and star scores compared with older otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). Male otolaryngologists had higher sentiment and star scores compared with female otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). 'Confident', 'kind', 'recommend' and 'comfortable' were words associated with positive reviews (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Positive bedside manner was strongly reflected in better reviews, and younger age and male gender of the otolaryngologist were associated with better sentiment and star scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Vasan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David K Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Vujovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Iloreta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salimy MS, Narain AS, Curtin PB, Bellinger EC, Patel AR. Perceptions of social media utilization among orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 37684639 PMCID: PMC10486077 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing social media presence in healthcare has provided physicians with new ways to engage with patients. However, foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons have been found to underuse social media platforms despite their known benefits for patients and surgeons. Thus, this study sought to investigate the reasons for this phenomenon and to identify potential barriers to social media utilization in clinical practice. METHODS A 19-question survey was distributed to active attending physicians identified through the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society membership database. The survey included demographic, practice characteristics, and social media use questions assessed by a 5-point Likert scale. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of positive attitudes toward social media. RESULTS Fifty-eight surgeons were included. Most respondents were male (n = 43, 74.1%), in private practice (n = 31, 53.5%), and described their practice to be greater than 51% elective procedures (n = 46, 79.4%). The average years in practice was 14.8 years (standard deviation, SD: 10.0 years). A total of 32.8% (n = 19) of surgeons reported using social media as part of their clinical practice. Facebook (n = 19, 32.8%), a professional website or blog (n = 18, 31.0%), and LinkedIn (n = 15, 25.9%) were the most used platforms-primarily for practice marketing or brand development (n = 19, 32.8%). A total of 58.6% (n = 34) of surgeons reported they did not use social media. The primary reasons were the time commitment (n = 31, 53.5%), concerns about obscuring professional boundaries (n = 22, 37.9%), and concerns regarding confidentiality (n = 11, 19.0%). Many surgeons reported that social media positively influences foot and ankle surgery (n = 23, 39.7%), although no individual predictors for these views could be identified. CONCLUSIONS Foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons tended to view social media use positively, but the time investment and concerns over professionalism and confidentiality pose challenges to its use. Given the influence of a surgeon's social media identity on patient satisfaction and practice building, efforts should be made to streamline social media use for foot and ankle surgeons to establish their online presence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, cross-sectional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi S Salimy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University Campus, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ankur S Narain
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University Campus, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Patrick B Curtin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University Campus, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Bellinger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University Campus, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhay R Patel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University Campus, 55 North Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kerzner B, Hodakowski A, Fortier LM, Dasari SP, Swindell HW, Rea PM, Khan ZA, Gursoy S, Bush-Joseph CA, Verma NN, Chahla J. Evaluation of Social Media and Online Utilization Among Members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine: Implications in Practice. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671221143567. [PMID: 37123991 PMCID: PMC10134141 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221143567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social media has the potential to act as an avenue for patient recruitment, patient and surgeon education, and expansion of the physician-patient relationship. Purpose To evaluate the existing social media presence among members of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) to describe trends in different subgroups within the membership. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The AOSSM database was queried for a complete membership list. Members were excluded from analysis if they were not orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons practicing in the United States. Demographic characteristics, online media profiles, and levels of online presence were evaluated, and an online media presence score was calculated. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare demographic variables and levels of online presence. Results A total of 2870 surgeons were included in the analysis. LinkedIn was the most used platform (56%), while YouTube was the least used (10%). Surgeons in academic practice had a significantly greater overall social media presence than their private practice counterparts. Female surgeons had a more significant active online presence on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook than male surgeons. Surgeons practicing in the Northeast had a greater social media presence than those in any other United States region, and surgeons in the earlier stages of practice (0-14 years) were more likely to utilize social media than their more senior colleagues (≥15 years of practice). On multivariate analysis, surgeons in the earlier stages of practice were more likely to have active Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook accounts, and female surgeons were more likely to have an active Facebook account. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that a greater number of ResearchGate publications were associated with male sex and having an academic practice. Comparatively, active Twitter and Instagram use was associated with having an academic practice. Conclusion The most used platform in this surgeon population was LinkedIn. Orthopaedic surgeons in academic practice, female surgeons, those early in their career, and those practicing in the Northeast highlighted a subset of the sports medicine community who were more likely to have an active online presence compared to the rest of the AOSSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerzner
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Benjamin Kerzner, BS,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 West
Harrison Street, Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA (
)
| | - Alexander Hodakowski
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luc M. Fortier
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suhas P. Dasari
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hasani W. Swindell
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Parker M. Rea
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zeeshan A. Khan
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Safa Gursoy
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles A. Bush-Joseph
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhil N. Verma
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago,
Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush
University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Greif DN, Shah HA, Luxenburg D, Hodgens BH, Epstein AL, Kaplan LD, Munoz J, Letter M, Baraga MG. Word of Mouth and Online Reviews Are More Influential Than Social Media for Patients When Selecting a Sports Medicine Physician. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e1185-e1191. [PMID: 35747660 PMCID: PMC9210471 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To (1) identify the percentage of patients seen in an orthopaedic sports medicine practice who use social media and (2) identify the role that social media has in physician selection as compared with other factors. Methods After institutional review board approval was received, new patients aged 18 years or older who attended a single orthopaedic sports medicine office from February 2020 to May 2021 were identified for inclusion. Sociodemographic information was recorded, and each patient was asked to fill out a questionnaire that assessed social media usage and online resources used to choose and formulate opinions regarding the patient’s provider. Results Two hundred patients met the inclusion criteria and completed the questionnaire. Of these, 96.5% reported social media use. The most common online method of searching for and identifying a physician was Google (50.5%). Social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, or LinkedIn were only used 15.5% of the time to search for and select a physician. Older patients were more likely to use recommendations from friends and family in their consideration when selecting a physician. Conclusions Despite almost all participants stating that they use social media, only 15.5% of patients reported that they used social media to search for and potentially select their physician. Our study suggests that although social media can be a helpful tool for patient education, other factors such as physician education and physician reputation through word-of-mouth referrals, online reviews, and online ratings seem to play a larger role in the patient’s selection of his or her physician. Clinical Relevance This information may be of value to orthopaedic surgeons looking for ways to build their patient base, online reputation, or other aspects of their practice on the Internet.
Collapse
|