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Na PTL, Tuyen NDK, Dang BT. Sorption of four antibiotics onto pristine biochar derived from macadamia nutshell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130281. [PMID: 38181996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the sorption properties of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim on biochar derived from macadamia nut shells were investigated. The raw biomass was pyrolyzed at 600 °C to create a highly porous material with a surface area of 392 m2 g-1. The produced biochar was found to be a valuable material for both environmental remediation and carbon sequestration due to its high carbon and oxygen content. The sorption properties of four antibiotics on the produced biochar were compared using Bayesian nonlinear regression based on second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model. The Bayesian estimation successfully compared the adsorption coefficients of the antibiotics, which can be directly visualized through graphical grammar using the probability density distribution. The results demonstrated the ability of macadamia nut shell biochar to remove antibiotics from water at neutral pH, and this material has the potential to be used for treating other emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Le Na
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Do Kim Tuyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Trong Dang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Mong GR, Liew CS, Chong WWF, Mohd Nor SA, Ng JH, Idris R, Chiong MC, Lim JW, Zakaria ZA, Woon KS. Environment impact and bioenergy analysis on the microwave pyrolysis of WAS from food industry: Comparison of CO 2 and N 2 atmosphere. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115665. [PMID: 35842993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The alarming output of waste activated sludge (WAS) from industries requires proper management routes to minimize its impact on the environment during disposal. Pyrolysis is a feasible way of processing and valorizing WAS into higher-value products of alternate use. Despite extensive research into the potential of WAS through pyrolysis, the technology's long-term viability and environmental impact have yet to be fully revealed. In addition, the environmental effects of utilizing different pyrolysis atmosphere (N2 or CO2) has not been studied before, although benefits of CO2 reactivity during pyrolysis have been discovered. This study evaluates the process's environmental impact, carbon footprint, and bioenergy yield when different pyrolysis atmospheres are used. The global warming potential (GWP) for a functional unit of 1 t of dried WAS is 203.81 kg CO2 eq. The heat required during pyrolysis contributes the most (63.7%) towards GWP due to high energy usage, followed by the drying process (23.6%). Transportation contributes the most towards toxicity impact (59.3%) through dust, NOx, NH3 and SO2 emissions. The initial moisture content of raw WAS (65%) greatly impacts overall energy consumption and environmental impact. Pyrolysis in an N2 atmosphere will result in a higher overall bioenergy yield (833 kWh/tonne) and a lower carbon footprint (-1.09 kg CO2/tonne). However, when CO2 was used, the specific energy value within the biochar is higher (22.26 MJ/kg) due to enhanced carbonization. The carbon content of gas derived increased due to higher CO yield. From an energy perspective, the current setup will achieve a net positive bioenergy yield of 561 kW (CO2) and 833 kW (N2), where end products like biochar, bio-oil and gas can be used for power production. Despite the energy-intensive process, microwave pyrolysis has excellent potential to achieve a negative carbon footprint. The biochar used for soil amendment served as a good carbon sink. The utilization of CO2 as carrier gases provides a pathway to utilize anthropogenic CO2, which helps reduce global warming. This work demonstrates microwave pyrolysis as a negative emission, bioenergy-producing approach for WAS disposal and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ren Mong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - William Woei Fong Chong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Automotive Development Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Nor
- QL Figo (Johor) Sdn Bhd, Lot 3627, Jalan Harmoni 1, Taman Harmoni, 81000, Kulai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Han Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Malaysia (UoSM), 79200, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rubia Idris
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Meng Choung Chiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Akmar Zakaria
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Sin Woon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Santos Andrade L, Silva NGS, Ornellas Cortat LIC, Mulinari DR.
Approach in
Macadamia integrifolia
residue based
low‐density polyethylene
composites on mechanical and thermal performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laert Santos Andrade
- Department of Engineering Volta Redonda University Center (UNIFOA) Volta Redonda Brazil
| | - Nycolle Gonçalves Souza Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Technology College (FAT) State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rod. Pres. Dutra, km 298 Resende Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Daniella Regina Mulinari
- Department of Mechanical and Energy, Technology College (FAT) State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Resende Brazil
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Jung S, Lee S, Dou X, Kwon EE. Valorization of disposable COVID-19 mask through the thermo-chemical process. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 405:126658. [PMID: 32834763 PMCID: PMC7426216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It becomes common to wear a disposable face mask to protect from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) amid this pandemic. However, massive generations of contaminated face mask cause environmental concerns because current disposal processes (i.e., incineration and reclamation) for them release toxic chemicals. The disposable mask is made of different compounds, making it hard to be recycled. In this regard, this work suggests an environmentally benign disposal process, simultaneously achieving the production of valuable fuels from the face mask. To this end, CO2-assisted thermo-chemical process was conducted. The first part of this work determined the major chemical constituents of a disposable mask: polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, and Fe. In the second part, pyrolysis study was employed to produce syngas and C1-2 hydrocarbons (HCs) from the disposable mask. To enhance syngas and C1-2 HCs formations, multi-stage pyrolysis was used for more C-C and C-H bonds scissions of the disposable mask. Catalytic pyrolysis over Ni/SiO2 further expedited H2 and CH4 formations due to its capability for dehydrogenation. In the presence of CO2, catalytic pyrolysis additionally produced CO, while pyrolysis in N2 did not produce it. Therefore, the thermo-chemical conversion of disposable face mask and CO2 could be an environmentally benign way to remove COVID-19 plastic waste, generating value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Dou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Kwon D, Yi S, Jung S, Kwon EE. Valorization of synthetic textile waste using CO 2 as a raw material in the catalytic pyrolysis process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115916. [PMID: 33126030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since an invention of synthetic fibers (textiles), our life quality has been improved. However, the cumulative production and disposal of them have perceived as significant since they are not biodegradable and hard to be upcycled/recycled. From washing textiles, microplastics are released into the environment, which are regarded as emerging contaminants. As a means for source reduction of microplastics, this study proposed a rapid disposal platform for waste textiles (WTs), converting them into value-added products. To this end, catalytic pyrolysis of WT was studied. To offer more environmentally sound process, CO2 was used as a raw material for WT pyrolysis. Thermal cracking of WT led to the production of syngas and CH4 under the CO2 environment. CO2 resulted in additional CO production via gas phase reaction with volatile compounds evolved from pyrolysis of WT. To expedite the reaction kinetics for syngas formation, catalytic pyrolysis was done over Co-based catalyst. Comparing to non-catalytic pyrolysis, CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis had 3- and 8-times higher production of H2 and CO, respectively. This process also suppressed catalyst deactivation, converting more than 80 wt% of WT into syngas and CH4. The more generation of CO from the use of CO2 as a raw material offers an effective means to minimize the formations of harmful chemical species, such as benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Yi
- Division of Resource Circulation, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Lee T, Jung S, Hong J, Wang CH, Alessi DS, Lee SS, Park YK, Kwon EE. Using CO 2 as an Oxidant in the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Peat Moss from the North Polar Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6329-6343. [PMID: 32343132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As global warming and climate change become perceived as significant, the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) stored in the earth's polar regions is considered a matter of concern. Here, we focused on exploiting GHGs to address potential global warming challenges in the north polar regions. In particular, we used CO2 as a soft oxidant to recover energy as syngas (CO and H2) and to produce biochars from pyrolysis of peat moss. CO2 expedited homogeneous reaction with volatile matters from peat moss pyrolysis, and the mechanistic CO2 role resulted in the conversion of CO2 and peat moss to CO at ≥530 °C. Steel slag waste was then used as an ex situ catalyst to increase reaction kinetics, addressing the issue of the role of CO2 being limited to ≥530 °C, with the result where substantial H2 and CO formation was achieved at a milder temperature. The porosity of biochars, a solid peat moss pyrolysis product, was modified in the presence of CO2, with a significant improvement in CO2 adsorption capacity compared to those achieved by N2 pyrolysis. Therefore, CO2 has the potential to serve as an initial feedstock in sustainable biomass-to-energy applications and biochar production, mitigating atmospheric carbon concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Hong
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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