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Muthukrishnan M, Singanallur Balasubramanian N, Villuppanoor Alwar S. Experimental Infection of Foot and Mouth Disease in Indian Sheep and Goats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:356. [PMID: 32671112 PMCID: PMC7330060 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important contagious disease of livestock mainly cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pig. There is limited data available on pathogenesis of foot and mouth disease in goats. In the study, the sheep and goats were infected experimentally with a serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus by different challenge routes. The sheep and goats challenged by coronary band route and coronary band and intra-dermo-lingual route exhibited FMD clinical signs at 2-5 days post challenge. Whereas intra-dermo-lingual challenged sheep and goats did not exhibit FMD clinical signs. Live virus could be isolated from blood of infected sheep and goats at 2-5 days post challenge. Viral RNA could be detected from blood of infected sheep and goats at 1-10 days post challenge. The neutralizing antibody titre was detected at 10 days post challenge and maintained up to 35 days post challenge in all infected sheep and goats. Non structural protein (NSP) antibodies were detected as early as 5-10 days post challenge and remain positive up to 35 days post challenge in the infected sheep and goats. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of sheep and goats with serotype O foot and mouth disease virus by different challenge routes could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhanmohan Muthukrishnan
- Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Srinivasan Villuppanoor Alwar
- Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, India
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Farooq U, Ahmed Z, Naeem K, Bertram M, Brito B, Stenfeldt C, Pauszek SJ, LaRocco M, Rodriguez L, Arzt J. Characterization of naturally occurring, new and persistent subclinical foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in vaccinated Asian buffalo in Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1836-1850. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Animal Health Program National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Khalid Naeem
- Animal Health Program National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Miranda Bertram
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Barbara Brito
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Michael LaRocco
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Luis Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
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Sala JM, Trotta MV, Mansilla FC, Pérez-Filgueira M, Caspe SG, Capozzo AV. Alternatives for the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine immunity in buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1335641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Sala
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Myrian Vanesa Trotta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Mariano Pérez-Filgueira
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Gastón Caspe
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to stop FMDV transmission in mixed populations of sheep and cattle. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:2279-86. [PMID: 25464822 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814003033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantified the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mixed cattle-sheep populations and the effect of different vaccination strategies. The (partial) reproduction ratios (R) in groups of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle and/or sheep were estimated from (published) transmission experiments. A 4 × 4 next-generation matrix (NGM) was constructed using these estimates. The dominant eigenvalue of the NGM, the R for a mixed population, was determined for populations with different proportions of cattle and sheep and for three different vaccination strategies. The higher the proportion of cattle in a mixed cattle-sheep population, the higher the R for the mixed population. Therefore the impact of vaccination of the cattle is higher. After vaccination of all animals R = 0·1 independent of population composition. In mixed cattle-sheep populations with at least 14% of cattle, vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to reduce R to < 1.
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Abstract
We review the literature and discuss control options regarding foot and mouth disease (FMD) in wildlife around the world. There are more than 100 species of wild, feral, laboratory, or domesticated animals that have been infected naturally or experimentally with FMD virus. Apart from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in sub-Saharan Africa, wildlife has not been demonstrated to play a significant role in the maintenance of FMD. More often, wildlife are passively infected when outbreaks of FMD occur in domestic livestock, and, in some wild ungulates, infection results in severe disease. Efforts to control FMD in wildlife may not be successful when the disease is endemic in livestock and may cause more harm to wildlife, human livelihoods, and domestic animals. Currently in sub-Saharan Africa, the complete eradication of FMD on a subcontinental scale in the near term is not possible, given the presence of FMD-infected African buffalo and the existence of weak veterinary infrastructures in some FMD-endemic countries. Therefore efforts to control the disease should be aimed at improved vaccines and improved use of vaccines, improved livestock management practices, and utilization of programs that can help in disease control such as the FMD Progressive Control Program and regulatory frameworks that facilitate trade such zonation, compartmentalization, and commodity-based trade. Though not meeting the definition of wildlife used in this review, feral domestic animals warrant a special concern with regard to FMD control.
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Madhanmohan M, Yuvaraj S, Nagendrakumar SB, Srinivasan VA, Gubbins S, Paton DJ, Parida S. Transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from experimentally infected Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to in-contact naïve and vaccinated Indian buffalo and cattle. Vaccine 2014; 32:5125-30. [PMID: 24837776 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from experimentally infected Indian buffalo to in-contact naïve and vaccinated cattle and buffalo. In each of six rooms, two donor buffalo that had been inoculated with FMDV were housed for five days with four recipient animals, comprising one vaccinated buffalo, one vaccinated calf, one unvaccinated buffalo and one unvaccinated calf. Vaccination was carried out with current Indian vaccine strain (O/IND/R2/75) and challenged on 28 days post-vaccination with an antigenically similar strain (O/HAS/34/05). All 12 donor buffalo and the six unvaccinated cattle and six unvaccinated calves developed clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In contrast, all six vaccinated cattle (100%) and four out of six vaccinated buffalo (66.6%) were protected from disease but all became infected with FMDV. This confirms that buffalo have the potential to spread FMD by direct contact and that vaccination can block this spread. The numbers of animals in the study were too small to determine if the differences in clinical protection afforded by vaccination of cattle and buffalo are significant and warrant a different dose regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madhanmohan
- Foot-and-Mouth disease Virus laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - S Yuvaraj
- Foot-and-Mouth disease Virus laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - S B Nagendrakumar
- Foot-and-Mouth disease Virus laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - V A Srinivasan
- Foot-and-Mouth disease Virus laboratory, Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - David James Paton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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Mohana Subramanian B, Senthuran S, Dhinakar Raj G, Tirumurugaan KG, Thiagarajan D. Difference in the level of interferon gamma mRNA transcripts on stimulation of cattle and buffalo mononuclear cells with foot and mouth disease virus-antigen: a possible role of sequence variation in promoter region. Res Vet Sci 2010; 90:55-8. [PMID: 20541234 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to resolve the claim that buffaloes differ from cattle in disease progression, this study was undertaken to compare the mitogen (conA) or antigen (foot and mouth disease virus) induced expression levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time quantitative PCR. In general, the levels of IFN-γ mRNA were lower in buffaloes than in crossbred cattle. Significantly higher levels of IFN-γ mRNA were also observed in crossbred cattle when induced with FMD virus (1 μg). Analysis of the partial promoter sequences of the IFN-γ gene from the respective species revealed a conserved 4 base (GTCT) deletion in all the buffalo promoter sequences. In-silico analysis indicated the binding of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and erythroid nuclear factor (NF-E) to this region in cattle. GR has been shown to be a transcription factor by itself and also regulates other major transcription factors like NF-κB and AP-1. The differential expression levels of IFN-γ mRNA between these species could be due to this deletion in the promoter region of buffalo. Further studies involving mobility shift and promoter assays would throw more light on the differential expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mohana Subramanian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India
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Maroudam V, Nagendrakumar SB, Rangarajan PN, Thiagarajan D, Srinivasan VA. Genetic characterization of Indian type O FMD virus 3A region in context with host cell preference. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:703-9. [PMID: 20302973 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The 3A region of foot-and-mouth disease virus has been implicated in host range and virulence. For example, amino acid deletions in the porcinophilic strain (O/TAW/97) at 93-102aa of the 153 codons long 3A protein have been recognized as the determinant of species specificity. In the present study, 18 type O FMDV isolates from India were adapted in different cell culture systems and the 3A sequence was analyzed. These isolates had complete 3A coding sequence (153aa) and did not exhibit growth restriction in cells based on species of origin. The 3A region was found to be highly conserved at N-terminal half (1-75aa) but exhibited variability or substitutions towards C-terminal region (80-153). Moreover the amino acid substitutions were more frequent in recent Indian buffalo isolates but none of the Indian isolates showed deletion in 3A protein, which may be the reason for the absence of host specificity in vitro. Further inclusive analysis of 3A region will reveal interesting facts about the variability of FMD virus 3A region in an endemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maroudam
- Research and Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli Post, Hyderabad 500 032, Andhra Pradesh, India
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WU ZY, HE CQ, LIU YY, FENG Q, TENG JL, CHEN JG. A Study of Homologous Recombination in Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus in China. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2009.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Immune response and viral persistence in Indian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:1832-6. [PMID: 19828770 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00302-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite their potential role in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the immune response and viral persistence in FMD virus (FMDV)-infected Indian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) have been unexplored. We found similar kinetics of neutralizing antibody responses in the sera and secretory fluids of buffaloes following experimental FMDV Asia 1 infection, but the lymphocyte-proliferative response in infected buffaloes was of low magnitude. Despite inducing a significant systemic and secretory immune response, viral persistence seems to be a common outcome in buffaloes following FMDV Asia 1 infection, which is associated with a weak cellular immune response.
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