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Boggiatto PM, Olsen SC, Palmer MV. Pulmonary hamartoma in an elk calf. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:193-195. [PMID: 36476245 PMCID: PMC9999396 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221141091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamartomas are benign tumor-like lesions composed of disorganized growth of mature mesenchymal or epithelial tissues indigenous to the organ involved. Sporadically observed in ruminants, vascular, fibrous, nasal, and pulmonary hamartomas have been reported in calves; pulmonary and cutaneous forms have been reported in sheep. A full-term elk calf found dead had a large intrathoracic mass replacing the left caudal lung lobe and compressing other thoracic organs. Histologically, cross- and tangential sections of bronchi were separated by collagenous mesenchyme and irregularly shaped canaliculi and saccules resembling terminal bronchioles. Rarely present were regions in which saccules, lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, transitioned into attenuated epithelium lining fully developed alveoli. These findings are consistent with a pulmonary hamartoma. To our knowledge, pulmonary hamartoma has not been reported previously in a non-domestic ruminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
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Jawor P, Mee JF, Stefaniak T. Role of Infection and Immunity in Bovine Perinatal Mortality: Part 2. Fetomaternal Response to Infection and Novel Diagnostic Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2102. [PMID: 34359230 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine perinatal mortality (death of the fetus or calf before, during, or within 48 h of calving at full term (≥260 days) may be caused by noninfectious and infectious causes. Although infectious causes of fetal mortality are diagnosed less frequently, infection in utero may also compromise the development of the fetus without causing death. This review presents fetomaternal responses to infection and the changes which can be observed in such cases. Response to infection, especially the concentration of immunoglobulins and some acute-phase proteins, may be used for diagnostic purposes. Some changes in internal organs may also be used as an indicator of infection in utero. However, in all cases (except pathogen-specific antibody response) non-pathogen-specific responses do not aid in pathogen-specific diagnosis of the cause of calf death. But, nonspecific markers of in utero infection may allow us to assign the cause of fetal mortality to infection and thus increase our overall diagnosis rate, particularly in cases of the “unexplained stillbirth”. Abstract Bovine perinatal mortality due to infection may result either from the direct effects of intrauterine infection and/or the fetal response to such infection, leading to the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). Both intrauterine infection and FIRS, which causes multi-organ damage and involution of immune organs, compromise fetal survivability, sometimes fatally. Organ injury associated with FIRS may, in addition to causing fetal mortality, irreversibly compromise extrauterine adaptation of the neonate, a recognized problem in human fetuses. Diagnosis of intrauterine infection and of FIRS requires related, but independent analytical approaches. In addition to detection of pathogens, the immune and inflammatory responses of the bovine fetus may be utilized to diagnose intrauterine infection. This can be done by detection of specific changes in internal organs and the measurement of antibodies and/or elements of the acute phase reaction. Currently our ability to diagnose FIRS in bovine fetuses and neonates is limited to research studies. This review focuses on both the fetomaternal response to infection and diagnostic methods which rely on the response of the fetus to infection and inflammatory changes, as well other methods which may improve diagnosis of intrauterine infection in cases of bovine perinatal mortality.
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be one of the most common complications of preterm birth and is characterized histopathologically by impaired lung alveolarization. Extremely preterm born infants remain at high risk for the development of BPD, highlighting a pressing need for continued efforts to understand the pathomechanisms at play in affected infants. This brief review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the how the development of the newborn lung is stunted, highlighting recent reports on roles for growth factor signaling, oxidative stress, inflammation, the extracellular matrix and proteolysis, non-coding RNA, and fibroblast and epithelial cell plasticity. Additionally, some concerns about modeling BPD in experimental animals are reviewed, as are new developments in the in vitro modeling of pathophysiological processes relevant to impaired lung alveolarization in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
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da Silva P, Uscategui R, Santos V, Taira AR, Mariano R, Rodrigues M, Simões A, Maronezi MC, Avante ML, Vicente W, Feliciano M. Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound attributes of maternal-foetal structures in pregnant ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:725-732. [PMID: 29566295 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine foetal organs and placental tissue to establish a correlation between the changes in the composition of these structures associated with their maturation and the ultrasonographic characteristics of the images. Twenty-four pregnant ewes were included in the study. Ultrasonography assessments were performed in B-mode, from the ninth gestational week until parturition. The lungs, liver and kidneys of foetuses and placentomes were located in transverse and longitudinal sections to evaluate the echogenicity (hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic or mixed) and echotexture (homogeneous and heterogeneous) of the tissues of interest. For quantitative evaluation of the ultrasonographic characteristics, it was performed a computerized image analysis using a commercial software (Image ProPlus® ). Mean numerical pixel values (NPVs), pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of NPVs) and minimum and maximum pixel values were measured by selecting five circular regions of interest in each assessed tissue. All evaluated tissues presented significant variations in the NPVs, except for the liver. Pulmonary NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually through gestational weeks. The renal parameters gradually decreased with the advancement of the gestational weeks until the 17th week and later stabilized. The placentome NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually over the course of weeks. The hepatic tissue did not show echogenicity and echotexture variations and presented medium echogenicity and homogeneous echotexture throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that pixels numerical evaluation of maternal-foetal tissues was applicable and allowed the identification of quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics showing changes in echogenicity related to gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pda da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rar Uscategui
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Vjc Santos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - A R Taira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rsg Mariano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Mgk Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Apr Simões
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - M C Maronezi
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - M L Avante
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Wrr Vicente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Mar Feliciano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Sector of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Rao Y, Sun X, Yang N, Zhang F, Jiang X, Huang L, Guo X, Du W, Hao H, Zhao X, Jiang Q, Liu Y. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and underlying mechanisms in cloned cattle. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:227-235. [PMID: 29388718 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress is a major mortality factor in cloned animals, but the pathogenesis of this disease is rarely investigated. In this study, four neonatal cloned cattle, born after full-term gestation, exhibited symptoms of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), which included symptoms of hyaline membrane disease as well as disordered surfactant homeostasis in their collapsed lungs. No differences in DNA methylation or histone modifications correlated with the suppressed SPB and SPC transcription observed in the cloned cattle group (p > 0.05), whereas TTF-1 occupancy at SPB and SPC promoter regions in cloned cattle was significantly reduced to 24% and 20% that of normal lungs, respectively (SPB, p < 0.05; SPC, p < 0.01). Decreased TTF1 expression, dysregulation of SPB and SPC transcription by TTF-1, and disordered proteolytic processing of Surfactant protein B precursor together potentially contribute to the disruption of surfactant homeostasis and NRDS in bovine clones. Elucidation of the associated mechanisms should facilitate the development of novel preventive or therapeutic strategies to reduce the mortality rate of cloned animals and to improve the efficiency of SCNT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Rao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanyi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaogai Guo
- Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weihua Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuling Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Surate Solaligue DE, Rodríguez-Castillo JA, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1101-L1153. [PMID: 28971976 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly generates a steep gas diffusion concentration gradient. As such, the lung is perfectly structured to undertake the function of gas exchange: a large number of small alveoli provide extensive surface area within the limited volume of the lung, and a delicate alveolo-capillary barrier brings circulating blood into close proximity to the inspired air. Efficient movement of inspired air and circulating blood through the conducting airways and conducting vessels, respectively, generates steep oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients across the alveolo-capillary barrier, providing ideal conditions for effective diffusion of both gases during breathing. The development of the gas exchange apparatus of the lung occurs during the second phase of lung development-namely, late lung development-which includes the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development. It is during these stages of lung development that preterm-born infants are delivered, when the lung is not yet competent for effective gas exchange. These infants may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a syndrome complicated by disturbances to the development of the alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature. It is the objective of this review to update the reader about recent developments that further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and vascularization and the pathogenesis of BPD and other neonatal lung diseases that feature lung hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Alberto Rodríguez-Castillo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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Liu Y, Rao Y, Jiang X, Zhang F, Huang L, Du W, Hao H, Zhao X, Wang D, Jiang Q, Zhu H, Sun X. Transcriptomic profiling reveals disordered regulation of surfactant homeostasis in neonatal cloned bovines with collapsed lungs and respiratory distress. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:668-674. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Fanyi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Linhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Weihua Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qiuling Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
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