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Benito J, Marques G, Rosado MJ, Barro F, Gutiérrez A, Del Río JC, Rencoret J. Tritordeum, a hybrid cereal with a highly tricin-enriched lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129694. [PMID: 38281525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The lignin from tritordeum straw, a hybrid cereal from crossbreeding of durum wheat and wild barley, was isolated and chemically characterized. Its composition and structure were studied by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) method, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The data revealed an enrichment of guaiacyl (G) units (H:G:S of 3:61:36), which had a significant impact on the distribution of inter-unit linkages. The predominant linkages were the β-O-4' alkyl-aryl ethers (78 % of all linkages), with substantial proportions of condensed linkages such as phenylcoumarans (11 %), resinols (4 %), spirodienones (4 %), and dibenzodioxocins (2 %). Moreover, DFRC revealed that tridordeum straw lignin was partly acylated at the γ-OH with both acetates and p-coumarates. Acetates were principally attached to G-units, whereas p-coumarates were predominantly attached to S-units. Furthermore, and more importantly, tritordeum lignin incorporates remarkable amounts of a valuable flavone, tricin, exceeding 30 g per kilogram of straw. Given the diverse industrial applications associated with this high-value molecule, tritordeum straw emerges as a promising and sustainable resource for its extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Benito
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Gisela Marques
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Mario J Rosado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Barro
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José C Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
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Arora K, Gaudioso G, Solovyev P, Tuohy K, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M, Fava F. In vitro faecal fermentation of Tritordeum breads and its effect on the human gut health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 6:100214. [PMID: 38116184 PMCID: PMC10727946 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous fermentation of Tritordeum flour enhances the nutritional potential of this hybrid cereal. However, the effect of consumption of Tritordeum sourdough bread (SDB) on gut health remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the effect of in vitro digestion and faecal fermentation of SDB compared to that of traditional baker's yeast (BYB) Tritordeum bread. After 24-h anaerobic faecal fermentation, both SDB and BYB (1% w/v) induced an increase in the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, Mitsuokella, and Phascolarctobacterium genera compared to baseline, while concentrations of acetate and butyrate were significantly higher at 24 h for SDB compared to those for BYB. Integrity of intestinal epithelium, as assessed through in vitro trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, was slightly increased after incubation with SDB fermentation supernatants, but not after incubation with BYB fermentation supernatants. The SDB stimulated in vitro mucosal immune response by inducing early secretion of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by downregulation of the inflammatory trigger through induction of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. Overall, our findings suggest that Tritordeum sourdough can modulate gut microbiota fermentation activity and positively impact the gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashika Arora
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaudioso
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pavel Solovyev
- Traceability Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Shewry PR, Brouns F, Dunn J, Hood J, Burridge AJ, America AHP, Gilissen L, Proos-Huijsmans ZAM, van Straaten JP, Jonkers D, Lazzeri PA, Ward JL, Lovegrove A. Comparative compositions of grain of tritordeum, durum wheat and bread wheat grown in multi-environment trials. Food Chem 2023; 423:136312. [PMID: 37182491 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three genotypes each of bread wheat, durum wheat and tritordeum were grown in randomized replicated field trials in Andalusia (Spain) for two years and wholemeal flours analysed for a range of components to identify differences in composition. The contents of all components that were determined varied widely between grain samples of the individual species and in most cases also overlapped between the three species. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences between the compositions of the three species were observed. Notably, tritordeum had significantly higher contents of protein, some minerals (magnesium and iron), total phenolics and methyl donors. Tritordeum also had higher levels of total amino acids (but not asparagine) and total sugars, including raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat and tritordeum had similar contents of the two major dietary fibre components in white flour, arabinoxylan and β-glucan, with significantly lower contents in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jack Dunn
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jessica Hood
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Amanda J Burridge
- Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Antoine H P America
- BU Bioscience, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Luud Gilissen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, PoBox 16, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsan A M Proos-Huijsmans
- Nederlands Bakkerij Centrum, Agro Business Park 75-83, 6708 PV Wageningen, Postbus 360, 6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Philip van Straaten
- Nederlands Bakkerij Centrum, Agro Business Park 75-83, 6708 PV Wageningen, Postbus 360, 6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Lazzeri
- Vivagran SL, Calle Calabria 35, SA2, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane L Ward
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Suchowilska E, Kandler W, Wiwart M, Krska R. Is Tritordeum (×Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas, nothosp. nov.) grain a potentially useful source of essential minerals in the human diet? J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sourdough performances of the golden cereal Tritordeum: Dynamics of microbial ecology, biochemical and nutritional features. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 374:109725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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