1
|
Rikhotso RR, Mitchell EM, Wilson DT, Doede A, Matume ND, Bessong PO. Prevalence and distribution of selected cervical human papillomavirus types in HIV infected and HIV uninfected women in South Africa, 1989-2021: A narrative review. S Afr J Infect Dis 2022; 37:363. [PMID: 35815224 PMCID: PMC9257898 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus infection, a causative agent of cervical cancer, is of great concern, more so in populations with high HIV prevalence, such as South Africa. Aim This review aimed to examine the prevalence and distribution of selected cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) types in HIV infected and HIV uninfected women in South Africa. Methods PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using key words. For data integrity, data was assessed by two authors independently. The study inclusion criteria comprised records on cervical HPV, HPV genotyping and HPV type distribution among South African women. Statistical analysis was performed using Social Science Statistics. Results Sixty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Data on cervical HPV prevalence and type distribution was available only for five of the nine provinces of South Africa. Only 4/69 studies used sequencing as an approach to identify HPV types. In a general population, HPV type 16 was the most frequent (8.80%), followed by types 35 (4.86%), 18 (4.14%), 58 and 52 with the frequency of 3.65% and 3.62%, respectively. Furthermore, the least frequent type was HPV 70 (0.74%). Both HIV infected and HIV uninfected populations had a higher prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types 16, 18 and 35 than other HPV types; while HPV types 6, 11 and 70 were the least frequent types from these populations. Lastly, HPV 16 was the most predominant type among women with normal (2.03%) and abnormal cervical cytology (6.60%). Conclusion Expanding on HPV genotyping will improve the knowledge in patterns of HPV type distribution in South Africa that will further help in decision making to improve current diagnostics, and future vaccine development and assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rixongile R Rikhotso
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Emma M Mitchell
- Department of Family, Community and Mental Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Daniel T Wilson
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Doede
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nontokozo D Matume
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Pascal O Bessong
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Center for Global Health Equity, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Donkoh ET, Asmah RH, Agyemang-Yeboah F, Dabo EO, Wiredu EK. Prevalence and Distribution of Vaccine-Preventable Genital Human Papillomavirus(HPV) Genotypes in Ghanaian Women Presenting for Screening. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221094721. [PMID: 35536890 PMCID: PMC9096183 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221094721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecologic cancer in Ghana where it is also the second most common cause of all female cancers. A number of vaccines are available to provide both individual and population-level protection against persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) and reduce the burden of cervical cancer. Data on the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable papillomaviruses in Ghana is scant. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was implemented from May 2011 to November 2014 to understand the epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and cervical dysplasia in the Greater Kumasi area of Ghana. A nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NMPCR) assay incorporating degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers was used for the detection and typing of eighteen (18) HPV genotypes among women who had never attended cervical screening prior to this study. RESULTS The general prevalence of HPV infection in Kumasi was 37.2%. The age-standardized prevalence was 40.9% overall. The frequency of HR-HPV genotypes present in decreasing order were HPV-52, -56, -35, -18, -58, -68, -51, -39, -45, -16, -59, -33 and -31. Low-risk HPVs were also detected in the following order: HPV-42, -43, -66, -6/11 and -44. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that currently available prophylactic vaccines have the potential to be useful in the primary prevention of HPV infections in the country. This study strengthens the belief that prophylactic HPV vaccination could be a long-term strategy to reduce the burden of HPV infections and potentially reduce the burden of HPV-associated cancers and epithelial cell abnormalities among health-seeking women in Kumasi. Efforts to make vaccines available to young girls should be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel T Donkoh
- Center for Research in Applied Biology, School of Sciences, 384346University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Richard H Asmah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, 549574University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Ellis O Dabo
- School of Public Health, 260806KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin K Wiredu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fitzpatrick MB, Dube Mandishora RS, Katzenstein DA, McCarty K, Weber J, Sahoo MK, Manasa J, Chirenje ZM, Pinsky BA. hrHPV prevalence and type distribution in rural Zimbabwe: A community-based self-collection study using near-point-of-care GeneXpert HPV testing. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 82:21-29. [PMID: 30807869 PMCID: PMC6538272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: High-risk human papilloma viruses (hrHPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths among Zimbabwean women. The objective of this study was to describe the hrHPV types found in Zimbabwe for consideration in cervical cancer screening and vaccination efforts. Design and methods: To determine hrHPV prevalence and type distribution in Zimbabwe we implemented a community-based cross-sectional study of self-collected cervicovaginal samples with hrHPV screening using near-point-of-care Cepheid GeneXpert HPV. Results: The hrHPV prevalence was 17% (112/643); 33% (41/123) vs. 14% (71/520) among HIV-1-positive and -negative participants, respectively (p = 2.3E-07). Typing via Xpert HPV showed very good overall agreement (77.2%, kappa = 0.698) with the Seegene Anyplex II HPV HR Detection kit. The most common types were HPV16, HPV18, HPV35, HPV52, HPV58, HPV68, HPV18, and HPV51, each of which appeared in 14–20% of infections. 37% (28/76) of women with positive cytology results (ASCUS+) had a type not included in the basic vaccine and 25% (19/76) had a type not currently in the nine-valent vaccine. Conclusions: hrHPV type distribution includes less common high-risk types in rural Zimbabwe. The distribution and carcinogenicity of hrHPV type distribution should be considered during screening assay design, program development, as well as vaccine distribution and design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Fitzpatrick
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Racheal S Dube Mandishora
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - David A Katzenstein
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jenna Weber
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justen Manasa
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zvavahera Mike Chirenje
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dylla L, Abar B, Williamson AL, Meiring TL, Bekker LG, Adler DH. Human papillomavirus clustering patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:202-206. [PMID: 29707404 PMCID: PMC5920558 DOI: 10.5897/jahr2017.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of disease caused by both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest in the developing world, with the highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. South African women not only have high rates of infection with HPV, but also have high rates of multiple concurrent infections with two or more HPV genotypes, and are among the world's most vulnerable to developing invasive cervical cancer. HIV co-infection increases these risks. Understanding clustering patterns of concurrent HPV infections in this population has important implications for HPV screening and will help define vaccination strategies in the future as vaccines continue to be developed to target more HPV genotypes. Latent class analysis was used to identify four distinct patterns of HPV co-infection: individuals with at least one low risk HPV genotype, but no high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections; individuals with a disperse pattern of HR-HPV infections; individuals infected with members of the alpha-7 group, but not HPV-18; and individuals infected with HPV-16, but not HPV-18. In this analysis, although alpha-7 HPV infections were more prevalent among HIV-infected adolescents than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, overall clustering patterns were not different based on HIV status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United Sates
| | - Beau Abar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United Sates
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy L Meiring
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David H Adler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United Sates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mbatha JN, Taylor M, Kleppa E, Lillebo K, Galappaththi-Arachchige HN, Singh D, Kjetland EF, Baay MFD, Mkhize-Kwitshana ZL. High-risk human papillomavirus types in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for vaccination. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:601-608. [PMID: 28403727 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1312513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infections and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions occur frequently in young women. The available vaccines cover up to seven hr-HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV58) and two low-risk HPV types (HPV6 and HPV11). The objective of this study was to describe the hr-HPV genotypes present among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected young women in rural high schools. METHODS Cervicovaginal lavages were obtained from sexually active young women recruited from high schools in KwaZulu-Natal (n = 1223). HPV testing was done by the polymerase chain reaction using GP5+/GP6 + primers and enzyme immunoassay. HIV testing was done using rapid test kits. RESULTS Of the 1223 cervicovaginal lavages, 301 (25%) were positive for hr-HPV. The HPV prevalence was higher in HIV infected (32.20%, 95% CI: 0.27-0.38) than in HIV-uninfected women (22.50%, 95% CI: 0.21-0.26), (p = .001). Similarly, multiple infections were slightly more common in HIV infected (59.32%) than in HIV-uninfected women (53.51%), (p = .37). The nine predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV types 16 (n = 99, 22.10%), 51 (n = 58, 12.91%), 18 (n = 56, 12.50%), 35 (n = 50, 11.10%), 33 (n = 47, 10.82%), 56 (n = 42, 9.31%), 45 (n = 34, 7.60%), 52 (n = 32, 7.14%) and 59 (n = 31, 6.91%). HPV 35, 51, 56 and 59 (40.62%), which are not covered by any vaccine, were among the most prevalent in the schools of KwaZulu-Natal. CONCLUSION Four of the most predominant high-risk HPV types in this region are not covered by the new nine-valent HPV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce N Mbatha
- a Department of Infection, Prevention and Control , University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science , Durban , South Africa.,b Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Myra Taylor
- c Discipline of Public Health , Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Elisabeth Kleppa
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Kristine Lillebo
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hashini N Galappaththi-Arachchige
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Deepak Singh
- f Department of Physics , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Eyrun F Kjetland
- c Discipline of Public Health , Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Marc F D Baay
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,g University of Antwerp , Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana
- a Department of Infection, Prevention and Control , University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science , Durban , South Africa.,h Department of Biomedical Sciences , Mangosuthu University of Technology , Faculty of Natural Sciences , Durban , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silveira FA, Almeida G, Furtado YL, Cavalcanti S, Silva KS, Maldonado P, Carvalho MGC. The association of HPV genotype with the regression, persistence or progression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:702-6. [PMID: 26546836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted virus causing cytological alterations that precede cervical cancer. Approximately 130 genotypes have been sequenced. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are the most frequent cytological alteration and have an uncertain behavior. OBJECTIVES To analyze the frequency of HPV types in LSIL and their association with the regression, persistence or progression of these lesions. METHODS A cohort study of forty patients with LSIL cytology was conducted from December 2007 to March 2011. The follow-up lasted two years and included cytology and colposcopy. HPV detection was performed using PCR, and genotyping was performed using PCR-specific and RFLP techniques. RESULTS DNA-HPV was detected in 87% (35/40) of the cases, with oncogenic HPV accounting for 76%; type 16 in 32% (11/35) and type 18 in 20%. LSIL regression, persistence and progression rates at the end of the study were 60%, 23% and 17%, respectively. There was 50% regression in lesions in the high oncogenic risk group (types 16 and 18). CONCLUSION HPV 16 was the most frequent genotype found in LSIL. The persistence and progression of the LSIL were related to the persistence of oncogenic HPV. The longer the follow-up time, the lower the LSIL persistence rate and the higher its regression rate; the progression rate remained stable. In addition to the presence of oncogenic HPV, other factors are necessary for the progression of LSIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Silveira
- Institute of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Almeida
- Institute of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y L Furtado
- Institute of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - S Cavalcanti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - K S Silva
- National Institute for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Maldonado
- Institute of Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M G C Carvalho
- Pathology Department, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ogembo RK, Gona PN, Seymour AJ, Park HSM, Bain PA, Maranda L, Ogembo JG. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes among African women with normal cervical cytology and neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122488. [PMID: 25875167 PMCID: PMC4396854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several meta-analyses confirmed the five most prevalent human papillomavirus (HPV) strains in women with and without cervical neoplastic diseases are HPV16, 18, 31, 52, and 58. HPV16/18 are the predominant oncogenic genotypes, causing approximately 70% of global cervical cancer cases. The vast majority of the women studied in previous analyses were from Europe, North America, Asia, and most recently Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite the high burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Africa, a robust meta-analysis of HPV genotype prevalence and distribution in African women is lacking. METHODS AND FINDINGS We systematically searched 14 major databases from inception to August 2013 without language restriction, following the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Seventy-one studies from 23 African countries were identified after screening 1162 citations and data abstracted and study quality appraised from 195 articles. HPV type-specific prevalence and distribution was estimated from 17,273 cases of women with normal cervical cytology; 1019 women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS); 1444 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); 1571 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and 4,067 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC). Overall prevalence of HPV16/18 were 4.4% and 2.8% of women with normal cytology, 12.0% and 4.4% with ASCUS, 14.5% and 10.0% with LSIL, 31.2% and 13.9% with HSIL, and 49.7% and 18.0% with ICC, respectively. Study limitations include the lack of adequate data from Middle and Northern African regions, and variations in the HPV type-specific sensitivity of different genotyping protocols. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive assessment of the overall prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in African women with and without different cervical neoplasias. We have established that HPV16/18 account for 67.7% of ICC cases among African women. Based on our findings, we highly recommend the administration of existing prophylactic vaccines to younger women not infected with HPV16/18 and an increase in HPV screening efforts for high-risk genotypes to prevent cervical cancer. REVIEW REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42013006558.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kemunto Ogembo
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Henry Soo-Min Park
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Bain
- Countway Library of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Louise Maranda
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Javier Gordon Ogembo
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Human papillomavirus genotypes and cofactors causing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in Korean women. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 22:1570-6. [PMID: 23051954 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e31826aa5f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, but the risk associated with the various viral types and related cofactors have not been adequately assessed in Korean women. This study aimed to investigate the genotype distribution of HPV and cofactors related to cervical carcinogenesis in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in 215 women with histologically confirmed cervical neoplasia (111 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] and 104 cases of invasive cervical cancer [ICC]) and 1214 healthy control women. Polymerase chain reaction-based dot blot assays were used for detection of 16 high-risk HPV types. To clarify the cofactors, we administered questionnaires evaluating smoking, drinking, and sexual and reproductive history from women infected with HPV. RESULTS Human papillomavirus was detected in 86.5% of the women with CIN and 96.2% of the women with ICC compared to 14.6% of the control women. The most common HPV types were, in descending order of frequency, types 16, 58, 18, 33, and 66 for CIN, and types 16, 18, 31, and 33 for ICC. Among the control women, HPV 16, 66, 33, 58, 18, and 31 were the most common types. Smoking and higher number of births (≥3) were associated with CIN (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-5.15, and OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.36-5.28, respectively). This relationship was also found in the women with ICC (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.59-7.38, and OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08-4.38, respectively) compared to controls. In addition, the circumcision of sexual partner and the sexual habit of condom use were protective factors for ICC (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24-0.90, and OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.57, respectively). CONCLUSION Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 58 are the major causative genotypes for cervical carcinogenesis in Korean women. Smoking and multiparity seem to be the most significant cofactors.
Collapse
|
9
|
McDonald AC, Denny L, Wang C, Tsai WY, Wright TC, Kuhn L. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among HIV-negative women with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in South Africa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44332. [PMID: 22970201 PMCID: PMC3435398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large studies describing the profile of high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes among women in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Here we describe the prevalence and distribution of hrHPV genotypes among HIV-negative women in South Africa, with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS We report data on 8,050 HIV-negative women, aged 17-65 years, recruited into three sequential studies undertaken in Cape Town, South Africa. Women had no history of previous cervical cancer screening. Cervical samples were tested for hrHPV DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay and all positive samples were genotyped using a PCR-based assay (Line Blot). Women underwent colposcopy and biopsy/endocervical curettage to determine CIN status. The prevalence and distribution of specific hrHPV genotypes were examined by age and CIN status. RESULTS Overall, 20.7% (95% CI, 19.9-21.6%) of women were hrHPV-positive by HC2, with women with CIN having the highest rates of positivity. Prevalence decreased with increasing age among women without CIN; but, a bimodal age curve was observed among women with CIN. HPV 16 and 35 were the most common hrHPV genotypes in all age and CIN groups. HPV 45 became more frequent among older women with CIN grade 2 or 3 (CIN2,3). Younger women (17-29 years) had more multiple hrHPV genotypes overall and in each cervical disease group than older women (40-65 years). CONCLUSION HPV 16, 35, and 45 were the leading contributors to CIN 2,3. The current HPV vaccines could significantly reduce HPV-related cervical disease; however, next generation vaccines that include HPV 35 and 45 would further reduce cervical disease in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weinberg A, Song LY, Saah A, Brown M, Moscicki AB, Meyer WA, Bryan J, Levin MJ. Humoral, mucosal, and cell-mediated immunity against vaccine and nonvaccine genotypes after administration of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to HIV-infected children. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1309-18. [PMID: 22859825 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (QHPV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, we studied their immune responses to 3 or 4 doses. METHODS HIV-infected children aged 7-12 years with a CD4 cell percentage of ≥15% of lymphocytes, received 3 doses of QHPV with or without a fourth dose after 72 weeks. Type-specific and cross-reactive antibodies and cell-mediated immunity were measured. RESULTS Type-specific antibodies to HPV6, 11, and 16 were detected in 100% and ≥94% of children at 4 and 72 weeks, respectively, after the third QHPV dose. Corresponding numbers for HPV18 were 97% and 76%, respectively. A fourth QHPV dose increased seropositivity to ≥96% for all vaccine genotypes. Four weeks after the third QHPV dose, 67% of vaccinees seroconverted to HPV31, an HPV16-related genotype not in the vaccine; 69% and 39% of vaccinees developed mucosal HPV16 and 18 immunoglobulin G antibodies, respectively; and 60% and 52% of vaccinees developed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for HPV16 and 31, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Three QHPV doses generated robust and persistent antibodies to HPV6, 11, and 16 but comparatively weaker responses to HPV18. A fourth dose increased antibodies against all vaccine genotypes in an anamnestic fashion. CTLs and mucosal antibodies against vaccine genotypes, as well as cross-reactive antibodies and CTL against nonvaccine genotypes, were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Weinberg
- University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaquet A, Horo A, Charbonneau V, Ekouevi DK, Roncin L, Toure B, Coffie P, Minga A, Sasco AJ, Garrigue I, Fleury H, Dabis F. Cervical human papillomavirus and HIV infection in women of child-bearing age in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 2010. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:556-63. [PMID: 22782349 PMCID: PMC3405229 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We sought to document the association of Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and immunodeficiency with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with no cervical neoplastic lesions identified through a cervical cancer screening programme in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: A consecutive sample of women stratified on their HIV status and attending the national blood donor clinic or the closest HIV clinic was recruited during a cervical cancer screening programme based on the visual inspection. Diagnosis of HPV infection and genotype identification were based on the Linear Array; HPV test. Results: A total of 445 (254 HIV-positive and 191 HIV-negative) women were included. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection was 53.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 47.9–59.9) in HIV-positive women and 33.7% (95% CI 27.1–40.3) in HIV-negative women (odds ratio (OR)=2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.3)). In multivariate analysis, HIV-positive women with a CD4 count <200 cells mm3 or between 200 and 499 cells mm3 were more likely to harbour an oncogenic HPV compared with women with a CD4 count ⩾500 cells mm3 with OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.1–8.1) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.9), respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of oncogenic HPV was found in women with no cervical neoplastic lesions, especially in HIV-positive women. Despite antiretroviral use, immunodeficiency was a main determinant of the presence of oncogenic HPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jaquet
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897- Epidémiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dols JAM, Reid G, Brown JM, Tempelman H, Bontekoe TR, Quint WGV, Boon ME. HPV Type Distribution and Cervical Cytology among HIV-Positive Tanzanian and South African Women. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 2012:514146. [PMID: 22811925 PMCID: PMC3394385 DOI: 10.5402/2012/514146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. There are limited data on high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) genotypes among HIV-positive women in Africa, and little is known about their relationship with cervical cytology in these populations. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 194 HIV-positive women (143 from Tanzania, and 51 from South Africa) to evaluate HPV genotypes among HIV-positive women with normal and abnormal cytology. Cervical samples were genotyped for HPV types, and slides were evaluated for atypical squamous cell changes according to the Bethesda classification system. Results. Prevalence of high grade squamous intraepithelial dysplasia (HSIL) was 9%. Overall, more than half (56%) of women were infected with an hr-HPV type; 94% of women with HSIL (n = 16), 90% of women with LSIL (n = 35), and 42% of women within normal limits (WNL) (n = 58) tested positive for hr-HPV. Overall, the most prevalent hr-HPV subtypes were HPV16 (26%) and HPV52 (30%). Regional differences in the prevalence of HPV18 and HPV35 were found. Conclusion. Regional differences in HPV genotypes among African women warrant the need to consider different monitoring programmes for cervical preneoplasia. HPV-based screening tests for cervical preneoplasia would be highly inefficient unless coupled with cytology screening of the HPV-positive sample, especially in HIV-positive women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joke A M Dols
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Mattos AT, de Freitas LB, Lima BMC, Miranda AE, Spano LC. Diversity and uncommon HPV types in HIV seropositive and seronegative women attending an STI clinic. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:786-93. [PMID: 24031694 PMCID: PMC3769843 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110002000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the causal relationship between specific types of HPV with cervical cancer and precursor lesions, it is important to identify the viral type involved. The aim of this study is to access the prevalence of HPV types in HIV seropositive and seronegative women. Accordingly, 77 HPV positive cervical samples were obtained from 284 women (seropositive (n=112) and seronegative (n=172) for HIV) who attended a Sexually Transmitted Infection clinic, in Vitoria, Southeastern Brazil. Viral DNA was amplified by PCR using MY09/MY11 degenerated primers and the genotyping was performed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Seventy five out of the 77 HPV samples were genotyped: 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 26, 31, 31b, 32, 33, 34, 35, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 71, 81, 83, 84. The most prevalent type was HPV16 followed by HPV types 6, 11 and 53. Fifty five percent and 45% belonged to high and low risk types, respectively. High risk types corresponded to 59% and 54.5% of the HPV detected in HIV seronegative and seropositive women, respectively. The uncommon HPV 13 type in cervical samples was also observed in this study. The oncogenic types were more common in the HIV seronegative samples and the number of cases with multiple infections was similar for the two groups. HPV typing is not only important clinically for the establishment of monitoring and treatment of a patient, it also provides knowledge of the viral types circulating in a population, which is of interest in the development of prevention and treatment programs for this disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Costa RF, Barros SMOD. Prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais em atipias de significado indeterminado em um serviço público de referência para neoplasias cervicais. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-21002011000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais de baixo e alto grau, em mulheres com diagnóstico colpocitológico de atipias de significado indeterminado no Município de Maceió, Alagoas. Conhecer a influência da idade e dos agentes etiológicos para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis sobre o risco de desenvolvimento das lesões intraepiteliais de baixo e alto grau. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de prevalência em um serviço público de referência para neoplasias cervicais. Foram estudados 253 prontuários de mulheres com diagnóstico de atipias de significado indeterminado, no ano de 2007. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais foi a de 23,7%, sendo 26,7% de baixo grau e 73,3% de alto grau. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau em mulheres com diagnóstico colpocitológico de atipias de significado indeterminado (ASCUS) foi de 23,7%, o aumento do risco foi diretamente proporcional ao da idade e houve maior prevalência de lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau,associada à infecção pelo Papilomavirus humano.
Collapse
|
15
|
The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Mombasa, Kenya. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:2309-13. [PMID: 20938733 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence survey was done in Mombasa, Kenya, to improve the knowledge of HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in sub-Saharan African countries overall, and in women of different ages. METHODS HPV prevalence was assessed using PCR in women older than 15 years attending family planning and mother-child care services. RESULTS Among 496 women, HPV prevalence was high (42.3%; 95% CI: 37.9-46.8; world age-standardized). Moreover, 46% of HPV-positive women harbored multiple-type infections. The most common types were HPV58 (10.5% of women), HPV16 (7.7%), HPV53 (6.7%), HPV18 (4.6%), and HPV6 (4.4%), and the prevalence of any high-risk HPV type was 28.8%. HPV prevalence was elevated among all age-groups (range 36.4-45.7%). Independent associations with HPV positivity were found for being in a polygamous marriage (OR = 1.7) and lifetime number of sexual partners (OR for ≥ 3 vs. 1 = 1.5), although they were of only borderline statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These findings differ from other world regions, showing a high HPV burden in all age-groups with a high proportion of multiple-type infections. Our data strengthen the urgency of HPV vaccination in Kenya but also highlight the elevated number of women who would have positive results in an HPV-based screening program in the country.
Collapse
|