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Pishavar E, Luo H, Naserifar M, Hashemi M, Toosi S, Atala A, Ramakrishna S, Behravan J. Advanced Hydrogels as Exosome Delivery Systems for Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs: Application in Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126203. [PMID: 34201385 PMCID: PMC8228022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are known as water-swollen networks formed from naturally derived or synthetic polymers. They have a high potential for medical applications and play a crucial role in tissue repair and remodeling. MSC-derived exosomes are considered to be new entities for cell-free treatment in different human diseases. Recent progress in cell-free bone tissue engineering via combining exosomes obtained from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with hydrogel scaffolds has resulted in improvement of the methodologies in bone tissue engineering. Our research has been actively focused on application of biotechnological methods for improving osteogenesis and bone healing. The following text presents a concise review of the methodologies of fabrication and preparation of hydrogels that includes the exosome loading properties of hydrogels for bone regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran; (E.P.); (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.T.)
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Mahshid Naserifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran; (E.P.); (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran; (E.P.); (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Shirin Toosi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran; (E.P.); (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran; (E.P.); (M.N.); (M.H.); (S.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2G 1C5, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2G 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.B.)
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