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Salman MM, Al-Obaidi Z, Kitchen P, Loreto A, Bill RM, Wade-Martins R. Advances in Applying Computer-Aided Drug Design for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4688. [PMID: 33925236 PMCID: PMC8124449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. In this review, we provide an introduction to CADD and examine the progress in applying CADD and other molecular docking studies to NDs. We provide an updated overview of potential therapeutic targets for various NDs and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Zaid Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Andrea Loreto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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Shafiee A, Moradi L, Lim M, Brown J. Coronavirus disease 2019: A tissue engineering and regenerative medicine perspective. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:27-38. [PMID: 32820868 PMCID: PMC7461291 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) are generally used to manage rather than cure this highly infective disease. Therefore, there is a significant unmet medical need for a safe and effective treatment for COVID‐19. Inflammation is the driving force behind coronavirus infections, and the majority of deaths caused by COVID‐19 are the result of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is crucial to control the inflammation as early as possible. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) products, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their derivatives (eg, exosomes) for coronavirus infections, which could be applied for the COVID‐19. In this review, first, the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the present and future of TERM research and products are briefly presented. Then, the recent clinical trials and the therapeutic benefits of MSCs in coronavirus‐induced ARDS are critically reviewed. Last, recent advances in the field of tissue engineering relevant to coronavirus infections, including three‐dimensional platforms to study the disease progression and test the effects of antiviral agents, are described. Moreover, the application of biomaterials for vaccine technology and drug delivery are highlighted. Despite promising results in the preclinical and clinical applications of MSC therapy for coronavirus infections, controversy still exists, and thus further investigation is required to understand the efficacy of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lida Moradi
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Brown
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Azarmi M, Maleki H, Nikkam N, Malekinejad H. Transcellular brain drug delivery: A review on recent advancements. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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