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Putro JN, Soetaredjo FE, Lunardi VB, Irawaty W, Yuliana M, Santoso SP, Puspitasari N, Wenten IG, Ismadji S. Polysaccharides gums in drug delivery systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127020. [PMID: 37741484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
For the drug delivery system, drug carriers' selection is critical to the drug's success in reaching the desired target. Drug carriers from natural biopolymers are preferred over synthetic materials due to their biocompatibility. The use of polysaccharide gums in the drug delivery system has received considerable attention in recent years. Polysaccharide gums are renewable resources and abundantly found in nature. They could be isolated from marine algae, microorganisms, and higher plants. In terms of carbohydrates, the gums are water-soluble, non-starch polysaccharides with high commercial value. Polysaccharide gums are widely used for controlled-release products, capsules, medicinal binders, wound healing agents, capsules, and tablet excipients. One of the essential applications of polysaccharide gum is drug delivery systems. The various kinds of polysaccharide gums obtained from different plants, marine algae, and microorganisms for the drug delivery system application are discussed comprehensively in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindrayani Nyoo Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Valentino Bervia Lunardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
| | - Wenny Irawaty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Maria Yuliana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Natania Puspitasari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia.
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Aldaais EA. A comprehensive review on the COVID-19 vaccine and drug delivery applications of interpenetrating polymer networks. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:738-756. [PMID: 36443634 PMCID: PMC9707272 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An interpenetrating polymer network (IPNs) is a concoction of two or more polymers (natural, synthetic, and/or a combination of both) in which at least one polymer is synthesized or crosslinked in the intimate presence of the other. These three-dimensional networked systems have gained prominence in a series of biomedical applications, especially in the last two decades. The last decades witnessed a surge in the meaningful applications of interpenetrating polymer networks, especially in drug delivery as simple IPN systems advanced and resulted in the formation of highly efficient microspheres, nanoparticles, nanogels, and hydrogels, intelligent enough to sense and respond to changes in external stimuli such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The structure of the polymers, crosslinking agents, crosslinking density, and polymerization method play an integral role in determining the properties and application of IPNs in drug delivery. This review article is a modest effort to highlight the importance and applications of different types of interpenetrating polymer networks for the sustained, site-specific drug delivery of various therapeutic formulations, as witnessed in scientific research literature over the past 22 years (2000-2022). A special section of the manuscript is devoted to studying the efficacy of network polymers in vaccine delivery and highlighting the future scope (if any) of incorporating the IPN system in COVID-related vaccine/drug delivery. Four key focus areas in this review article [1, 2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtisam A Aldaais
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Froelich A, Jakubowska E, Jadach B, Gadziński P, Osmałek T. Natural Gums in Drug-Loaded Micro- and Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030759. [PMID: 36986620 PMCID: PMC10059891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gums are polysaccharide compounds obtained from natural sources, such as plants, algae and bacteria. Because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as their ability to swell and their sensitivity to degradation by the colon microbiome, they are regarded as interesting potential drug carriers. In order to obtain properties differing from the original compounds, blends with other polymers and chemical modifications are usually applied. Gums and gum-derived compounds can be applied in the form of macroscopic hydrogels or can be formulated into particulate systems that can deliver the drugs via different administration routes. In this review, we present and summarize the most recent studies regarding micro- and nanoparticles obtained with the use of gums extensively investigated in pharmaceutical technology, their derivatives and blends with other polymers. This review focuses on the most important aspects of micro- and nanoparticulate systems formulation and their application as drug carriers, as well as the challenges related to these formulations.
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Chandakavathe B, Kulkarni R, Dhadde S. Grafting of Natural Polymers and gums for Drug Delivery Applications: A Perspective Review. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2022; 39:45-83. [PMID: 35997101 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022035905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Biswas A, Mondal S, Das SK, Bose A, Thomas S, Ghosal K, Roy S, Provaznik I. Development and Characterization of Natural Product Derived Macromolecules Based Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Therapeutic Drug Targeting. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28699-28709. [PMID: 34746564 PMCID: PMC8567264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-based bead formulations were exploited by cross-linking different hydrophilic polymers in different combinations and at different ratios. Polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, guar gum, gellan gum, and sodium alginate (Na-alginate) were used in this work as hydrophilic polymers to enhance the solubility of diclofenac sodium and also to target the delivery at preferred locations. IPN beads based on polysaccharides were prepared by the ionic gelation method. Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data showed that the IPN microbeads solubilized and encapsulated the drug within the network. We found over 83% encapsulation efficiency of the drug delivery system for the drug, and this efficiency increased with the concentration of the polymer. Ex vivo experiments using the goat intestine revealed that the IPN microbeads were able to adhere to the intestinal epithelium, a mucoadhesive behavior that could be beneficial to the drug pharmacokinetics, while in vitro experiments in phosphate buffer showed that the IPN enabled significant drug release. We believe that these IPN microbeads are an excellent drug delivery system to solubilize drug molecules and ensure adhesion to the intestinal wall, thereby localizing the drug release to enhance bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Biswas
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sancharee Mondal
- Dr.
B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | | | - Anindya Bose
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences (SPS), Siksha
O Anusandhan University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk
University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
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Elucidating the pH influence on pulsed electric fields-induced self-assembly of chitosan-zein-poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyethylene glycol nanostructured composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:531-546. [PMID: 33429349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The high incompatibility of bio-based materials such as protein and polysaccharides require a series of modifications to develop stable microstructures effectively. By modifying the density and charge of surface residues, pulsed electric fields processing can improve inter/intramolecular interactions, compatibility, and microstructure of bio-based nanostructured composites. EXPERIMENT In this work, the impact of pulsed electric fields at a specific energy of 60-700 kJ/kg (electric field strength = 1.6 kV/cm) on self-assembly of zein-chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyethylene glycol composite dispersion was investigated at pH 4.0, 5.7, and 6.8. FINDINGS Superior complex coacervated matrices were assembled at pH 4.0 and 5.7 before and after pulsed electric fields treatment at a specific energy of 390-410 kJ/kg. The compact and homogenous behaviour was attributable to pulsed electric fields-induced alteration of functional group interactions in a pH-dependent manner. Irrespective of the pH, very high electric field intensity caused excessive system perturbation leading to severe fragmentation and poor development of coacervates. The crucial insights from this study reveal that the self-assembly behaviour and integration of biopolymer-based systems possessing different local charges can be enhanced by optimising pulsed electric fields processing parameters and the properties of the colloidal systems such as the pH.
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Bajestani MI, Kader S, Monavarian M, Mousavi SM, Jabbari E, Jafari A. Material properties and cell compatibility of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-keratin hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Upadhyay M, Adena SKR, Vardhan H, Yadav SK, Mishra B. Locust bean gum and sodium alginate based interpenetrating polymeric network microbeads encapsulating Capecitabine: Improved pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity &in vivo antitumor activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of pirfenidone loaded acrylamide grafted pullulan-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer networks. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:288-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Soni S, Bhunia BK, Kumari N, Dan S, Mukherjee S, Mandal BB, Ghosh A. Therapeutically Effective Controlled Release Formulation of Pirfenidone from Nontoxic Biocompatible Carboxymethyl Pullulan-Poly(vinyl alcohol) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11993-12009. [PMID: 30320284 PMCID: PMC6173564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop therapeutically effective controlled release formulation of pirfenidone (PFD) and explore the possibility to reduce the total administered dose and dosing regimen. For this purpose, pH-sensitive biomaterial was prepared by inducing carboxymethyl group on pullulan by Williamson ether synthesis reaction, and further, interpenetrating polymeric network microspheres were prepared by glutaraldehyde-assisted water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion cross-linking method, which showed higher swelling ratio in acidic and basic pH. The formation of microspheres was confirmed by different spectral characterization techniques, and thermal kinetic study indicated the formation of thermally stable microspheres. Cell viability and biocompatibility studies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell showed the polymeric matrix to be biocompatible. In vitro dissolution of optimized formulation (F5) showed releases of 54.09 and 76.37% in 0.1 N HCl after 2 h and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) up to 8 h, respectively. In vivo performances of prepared microsphere and marketed product of PFD were compared in rabbit. T max (time taken to reach peak plasma concentration) was found to be achieved at 0.83 h, compared to 0.5 h for Pirfenex with no significant difference complementing the immediate action, while area under curve was significantly greater for optimized formulation (9768 ± 1300 ng h/mL) compared to Pirfenex (4311 ± 110 ng h/mL), complementing the sustained action. In vivo pharmacokinetic study suggested that the prepared microsphere could be a potential candidate for therapeutically effective controlled delivery of PFD used in dyspnea and cough management due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saundray
Raj Soni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Bibhas K. Bhunia
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Subhashis Dan
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bioequivalence
Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sudipta Mukherjee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bioequivalence
Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Soni SR, Ghosh A. Exploring pullulan-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating network microspheres as controlled release drug delivery device. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:812-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Baştürk E, Yüksel Deniz D, Şen F, Kahraman MV. A novel UV-cured interpenetrating organic-inorganic hybrid polymer network based phase change materials (IPN-PCM). POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Baştürk
- Department of Chemistry; Marmara University; Istanbul 34722 Turkey
| | | | - Ferhat Şen
- Department of Chemistry; Marmara University; Istanbul 34722 Turkey
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