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Araujo TT, Dionizio A, Carvalho TS, Boas Feitosa CMV, Vertuan M, Câmara JVF, Henrique-Silva F, Marchetto R, Chiaratti MR, Santos AC, Alves LO, Ferro M, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired enamel pellicle and biofilm engineering with a combination of acid-resistant proteins (CaneCPI-5, StN15, and Hemoglobin) for enhanced protection against dental caries - in vivo and in vitro investigations. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:261. [PMID: 38642171 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed in two-legs. In the in vivo, we explored the potential of a rinse solution containing a combination (Comb) of 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (sugarcane-derive cystatin), 1.88 × 10- 5M StN15 (statherin-derived peptide) and 1.0 mg/mL hemoglobin (Hb) to change the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle(AEP) and the microbiome of the enamel biofilm. The in vitro, was designed to reveal the effects of Comb on the viability and bacterial composition of the microcosm biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo study, 10 participants rinsed (10mL,1 min) with either deionized water (H2O-control) or Comb. AEP and biofilm were collected after 2 and 3 h, respectively, after rinsing. AEP samples underwent proteomics analysis, while biofilm microbiome was assessed via 16 S-rRNA Next Generation Sequencing(NGS). In vitro study, a microcosm biofilm protocol was employed. Ninety-six enamel specimens were treated with: 1)Phosphate-Buffered Solution-PBS(negative-control), 2)0.12%Chlorhexidine, 3)500ppmNaF and 4)Comb. Resazurin, colony-forming-units(CFU) and Transversal Microradiography(TMR) were performed. RESULTS The proteomic results revealed higher quantity of proteins in the Comb compared to control associated with immune system response and oral microbial adhesion. Microbiome showed a significant increase in bacteria linked to a healthy microbiota, in the Comb group. In the in vitro study, Comb group was only efficient in reducing mineral-loss and lesion-depth compared to the PBS. CONCLUSIONS The AEP modification altered the subsequent layers, affecting the initial process of bacterial adhesion of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, as well as enamel demineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Comb group shows promise in shaping oral health by potentially introducing innovative approaches to prevent enamel demineralization and deter tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Souza Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Chelsea Maria Vilas Boas Feitosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Paulista State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Angélica Camargo Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lindomar Oliveira Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Milene Ferro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Paulista State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13500230, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, São Paulo, Bauru, 17012- 901, Brazil.
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Fernando JR, Shen P, Yuan Y, Adams GG, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Remineralisation of enamel and dentine with stabilised stannous fluoride dentifrices in a randomised cross-over in situ trial. J Dent 2024; 143:104895. [PMID: 38387598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the remineralisation efficacy and ion bioavailability of two novel SnF2-containing dentifrices in a blinded, cross-over, randomised in situ clinical study. METHODS Six participants wore removal palatal appliances holding human enamel and dentine blocks with subsurface lesions. Appliances were worn for two treatment periods of 14 consecutive days each, with a one-week washout period in-between. Participants were randomly allocated to rinse with a 1:5 diluted coded slurry of one of two dentifrices containing either 5 % casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) +1100 ppm F as SnF2 [MIPOP], or 1100 ppm F as SnF2 [CT], for 1 min, four times a day. Saliva was collected post-treatment and analysed for tin, calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Enamel and dentine lesions were analysed for percent remineralisation (%R) using transverse microradiography and percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR). RESULTS MIPOP released significantly higher F (3.00 ± 0.27 mM), Ca (15.23 ± 3.23 mM) and Sn (1.18 ± 0.13 mM) into saliva whereas CT released 2.89 ± 0.32 mM F and only 0.84 ± 0.11 mM Ca and 0.28 ± 0.10 mM Sn. MIPOP produced significantly higher %R than CT: 25.6 ± 1.5 % compared to 15.2 ± 0.7 % in enamel, and 33.6 ± 3.1 % compared to 20.6 ± 1.1 % in dentine. Additionally, MIPOP produced significantly higher %SMHR (18.2 ± 7.9 %) compared to CT (4.1 ± 0.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Both dentifrices promoted remineralisation, but the MIPOP dentifrice with added CPP-ACP and the ion-stabilising effects of CPP released higher amounts of bioavailable tin and produced significantly higher remineralisation and surface microhardness recovery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Modern dentifrices contain SnF2 for a range of oral health benefits. Challenges associated with stability of these formulations can affect ion bioavailability, reducing efficacy. Two dentifrices with SnF2 promoted remineralisation in situ, however the dentifrice with the added saliva biomimetic CPP-ACP was superior and therefore may produce greater health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fernando
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Adams
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Wang Y, Wang R, Bai H, Wang S, Liu T, Zhang X, Wang Z. Casein phosphopeptide calcium chelation: preparation optimization, in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion, and peptide fragment exploration. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:788-796. [PMID: 37669105 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is important in the formation of bones and teeth, cell metabolism, and other physiological activities. In this work, casein phosphopeptide-calcium chelate (CPP-Ca) was synthesized and the optimal process parameters for the chelation reaction were obtained. The bioavailability of calcium in CPP-Ca was investigated by in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion. The existence of phytic acid and oxalic acid in the digestion system was evaluated to clarify the calcium holding ability of casein phosphopeptide (CPP). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify oligopeptides from CPP-Ca. RESULTS The optimal process parameters for the chelation reaction were: peptide concentration 7.76 mgmL-1 , pH 8.54, and reaction temperature 43.3 °C. The digestion in vitro results indicated that the calcium release rate of CPP-Ca in the stomach for 2 h reached 85%, and about 50% of the ionized calcium was re-chelated with CPP in the intestine. Phytic acid and oxalic acid could lead to a sharp decrease in soluble calcium but around 50% of the calcium was still retained in the form of chelates in the presence of CPP. The LC-MS/MS identified 19 casein-derived oligopeptides after digestion, and calcium modifications were found on eight peptides derived from β-casein and αs2 -casein. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the excellent calcium holding capacity of CPP in the presence of phytic acid and oxalic acid. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry also revealed peptide changes, and identified peptides that chelate with calcium. These findings provided significant insights that could be relevant to the further utilization and product development of peptide-calcium chelate in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huasong Bai
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Songjun Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Kaveh M, Yeganehzad S, Rabie Ashkezary M, Hesarinejad MA, Todaro A, Nishinari K. Chewing gum base: A comprehensive review of composition, production, and assessment methods: Advances and approaches in biodegradability. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:789-807. [PMID: 37584385 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The gum base mass is a colloidal system and the main component of chewing gum; which is an inert, non-nutritious, indigestible, and insoluble part of chewing gum, therefore this substance does not dissolve in the mouth when chewed. The gum base plays the most crucial role in determining the mechanical properties, flexibility, and overall quality of chewing gum. Moreover, it acts as a delivery system to transport sweeteners, flavorings, and other ingredients in chewing gum. Despite the massive market for chewing gum and the provision of a list of the main ingredients in gum base by the Code of Federal Regulations and some international organizations, there is a lack of information about chewing gum base and its compositions in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of the characteristics, ingredients and applications, production process, assessment, and modification methods of the gum base along with the advances and approaches in biodegradability. Biodegradability concerns play a promoting role in the research and development of chewing gum and its applications in the food industry, medical and dental sectors. Reviewing previous studies can surely help for faster development of this path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kaveh
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansour Rabie Ashkezary
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aldo Todaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yoshino F, Sasaki R, Asada Y, Shiozaki K, Shimoda S, Yamamoto T. Studies on Change in Solubility over Time of the Bioactive Material Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Precipitation of Hydroxyapatite. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Yoshino
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Rina Sasaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Yuka Asada
- Department of Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Takatsugu Yamamoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
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Dorozhkin SV. Synthetic amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs): preparation, structure, properties, and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7748-7798. [PMID: 34755730 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) represent a metastable amorphous state of other calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) possessing variable compositional but rather identical glass-like physical properties, in which there are neither translational nor orientational long-range orders of the atomic positions. In nature, ACPs of a biological origin are found in the calcified tissues of mammals, some parts of primitive organisms, as well as in the mammalian milk. Manmade ACPs can be synthesized in a laboratory by various methods including wet-chemical precipitation, in which they are the first solid phases, precipitated after a rapid mixing of aqueous solutions containing dissolved ions of Ca2+ and PO43- in sufficient amounts. Due to the amorphous nature, all types of synthetic ACPs appear to be thermodynamically unstable and, unless stored in dry conditions or doped by stabilizers, they tend to transform spontaneously to crystalline CaPO4, mainly to ones with an apatitic structure. This intrinsic metastability of the ACPs is of a great biological relevance. In particular, the initiating role that metastable ACPs play in matrix vesicle biomineralization raises their importance from a mere laboratory curiosity to that of a reasonable key intermediate in skeletal calcifications. In addition, synthetic ACPs appear to be very promising biomaterials both for manufacturing artificial bone grafts and for dental applications. In this review, the current knowledge on the occurrence, structural design, chemical composition, preparation, properties, and biomedical applications of the synthetic ACPs have been summarized.
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Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Propolis and Aloe Vera, Xylitol, and Cpp-Acp Gels on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in Vitro. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5842600. [PMID: 34790236 PMCID: PMC8592711 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5842600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early childhood caries is a kind of caries occurring in deciduous teeth. Bacteria are among the main factors. Antibacterial agents such as fluoride are used in both prevention and treatment, but their application in children faces limitations such as fluorosis. Therefore, novel methods of caries prevention among the children are mainly focused on the use of fluoride-free active ingredients. In this comparative study, antibacterial effects of gels containing propolis and aloe vera, fluoride, xylitol, and CPP-ACP were investigated. Methods This is an in vitro study. By plate well technique, plates containing gels were created in the culture medium of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, and their antibacterial impacts were evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, different concentrations of each gel were evaluated in the same way for the antibacterial properties. For each sample, this process was iterated 3 times, where the average was declared as the final number. The collected data were entered in SPSS 24. Results In both bacteria, propolis gel and aloe vera had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by fluoride and xylitol in the second and third places, respectively. Different concentrations of gels are significantly different in terms of antimicrobial effect (P value ≤ 0/05). The antimicrobial effect of propolis and aloe vera gel was kept up to the concentration of 1/16. As the bacterial and gel contact time is prolonged, the antibacterial effect of different gels increases, but the difference is not statistically significant (P value = 0.109). CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial effect at any concentration. Conclusion Propolis and aloe vera gel had a greater antimicrobial effect than other gels, where such effect was observed in low concentrations. CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial properties.
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Łoś-Rycharska E, Gołębiewski M, Sikora M, Grzybowski T, Gorzkiewicz M, Popielarz M, Gawryjołek J, Krogulska A. A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051682. [PMID: 34063398 PMCID: PMC8156695 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of the two compartments of microbiota was performed in infants with and without allergic symptoms. Fifty-nine infants with food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and 28 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The skin and gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in the α-diversity of dermal or fecal microbiota were observed between allergic and non-allergic infants; however, a significant relationship was found between bacterial community structure and allergy phenotypes, especially in the fecal samples. Certain clinical conditions were associated with characteristic bacterial taxa in the skin and gut microbiota. Positive correlations were found between skin and fecal samples in the abundance of Gemella among allergic infants, and Lactobacillus and Bacteroides among healthy infants. Although infants with allergies and healthy infants demonstrate microbiota with similar α-diversity, some differences in β-diversity and bacterial species abundance can be seen, which may depend on the phenotype of the allergy. For some organisms, their abundance in skin and feces samples may be correlated, and these correlations might serve as indicators of the host's allergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łoś-Rycharska
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.Ł.-R.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.Ł.-R.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (T.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Popielarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Julia Gawryjołek
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.); (A.K.)
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Widyarman AS, Udawatte NS, Theodorea CF, Apriani A, Richi M, Astoeti TE, Seneviratne CJ. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride treatment enriches the symbiotic dental plaque microbiome in children. J Dent 2021; 106:103582. [PMID: 33450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dysbiotic oral microbiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of caries in children. Topical application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate containing fluoride (CPP-ACP/F) is an effective treatment modality for children with caries (CC). Hitherto the mechanism by which CPP-ACP/F modules the oral microbiome in CC has not been investigated. The study aimed to examine the CPP-ACP/F effect on the dental plaque microbiome of children group with caries. METHODS This preliminary prospective clinical cohort included 10 children with caries. The children received topical fluoride CPP-ACP/F once-a-week for one month. Plaque samples were collected before and after treatment and subjected to 16S rDNA-based next-generation-sequencing. Microbial composition, diversity and functional roles were analyzed in comparison to the clinical characteristics of cohort using standard bioinformatics tools. RESULTS CPP-ACP/F treatment modulated dysbiotic oral microbiome towards healthier community as the higher proportion of Proteobacteria and certain microbial protective species were enriched following CPP-ACP/F treatment. Despite overall uniformity of community structure in children with caries between the groups, some bacterial species were differentially represented in a statistically significant manner between pre- and post- treatments. Three bacterial species were found to be predictive of strongly sensitive to the CPP-ACP/F treatment, marked by decreased abundance of Lautropia mirabalis and increased abundance of Gemella haemolysans and Schwartzia succinivorans. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the current study, it could be concluded that the CPP-ACP/F varnish treatment modulated the microbial composition of the dental plaque microbiome towards symbiosis. These symbiotic changes may demonstrate the potential clinical significance of CPP-ACP/F varnish treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department Head of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jln. Kyai Tapa 260, Grogol Jakarta Barat 11440, Indonesia.
| | - Nadeeka S Udawatte
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | | | - Anie Apriani
- Department Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha University, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Mario Richi
- MiCORE Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia.
| | - Tri Erri Astoeti
- Department of Preventive and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jln. Kyai Tapa 260, Grogol Jakarta Barat 11440, Indonesia.
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Sbaraini A, Adams GG, Reynolds EC. Experiences of oral health: before, during and after becoming a regular user of GC Tooth Mousse Plus ®. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33413323 PMCID: PMC7792129 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials and laboratory studies from around the world have shown that GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (TMP) is effective in protecting teeth from tooth decay and erosion, buffering dental plaque pH, remineralising white spot lesions and reducing dentine hypersensitivity. However, no other study has assessed the experiences of oral health, before, during and after individuals becoming regular users of TMP. The aim of this study was to identify how participants' oral health status changed after introducing TMP into their oral hygiene routine. METHODS A qualitative study using Charmaz's grounded theory methodology was conducted. Fifteen purposively sampled regular users of TMP were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed after each interview. Data analysis consisted of transcript coding, detailed memo writing, and data interpretation. RESULTS Participants described their experiences of oral health and disease, before, during and after introducing TMP into their daily oral hygiene routine, together with the historical, biological, financial, psychosocial, and habitual dimensions of their experiences. Before becoming a regular user of TMP, participants described themselves as having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth, and sensitivity. Various aspects of participants' histories were relevant, such as, family history and history of oral disease. Having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth and sensitivity was explained by those elements. Despite some initial barriers, once being prescribed TMP by a dental professional, a three-fold process of change was initiated: starting a new oral hygiene routine, persevering daily, and experiencing reinforcing outcomes. This process led to a fundamental lifestyle change. Participants transitioned from having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth to having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth; at the same time participants felt empowered by this newly found status of being able to keep their teeth for life. Barriers and facilitators for incorporating TMP on daily oral hygiene routine were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Participants valued having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth, which did not require repeated restorations. Seeing concrete results in their mouths and experiencing a more comfortable mouth boosted adherence to daily applications of TMP, which was maintained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sbaraini
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Geoffrey G. Adams
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
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Temporal development of the oral microbiome and prediction of early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19732. [PMID: 31874981 PMCID: PMC6930300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiomes are predicted to assemble in a reproducible and ordered manner yet there is limited knowledge on the development of the complex bacterial communities that constitute the oral microbiome. The oral microbiome plays major roles in many oral diseases including early childhood caries (ECC), which afflicts up to 70% of children in some countries. Saliva contains oral bacteria that are indicative of the whole oral microbiome and may have the ability to reflect the dysbiosis in supragingival plaque communities that initiates the clinical manifestations of ECC. The aim of this study was to determine the assembly of the oral microbiome during the first four years of life and compare it with the clinical development of ECC. The oral microbiomes of 134 children enrolled in a birth cohort study were determined at six ages between two months and four years-of-age and their mother's oral microbiome was determined at a single time point. We identified and quantified 356 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria in saliva by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S RNA genes. Bacterial alpha diversity increased from a mean of 31 OTUs in the saliva of infants at 1.9 months-of-age to 84 OTUs at 39 months-of-age. The oral microbiome showed a distinct shift in composition as the children matured. The microbiome data were compared with the clinical development of ECC in the cohort at 39, 48, and 60 months-of-age as determined by ICDAS-II assessment. Streptococcus mutans was the most discriminatory oral bacterial species between health and current disease, with an increased abundance in disease. Overall our study demonstrates an ordered temporal development of the oral microbiome, describes a limited core oral microbiome and indicates that saliva testing of infants may help predict ECC risk.
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