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Chen X, Yang Y, Sun S, Liu Q, Yang Y, Jiang L. CX3C chemokine: Hallmarks of fibrosis and ageing. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107348. [PMID: 39134186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the progressive tissue lesion process characterized by excessive secretion and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Abnormal fibrous tissue deposition distorts tissue architecture and leads to the progressive loss of organ function. Notably, fibrosis is one of the primary pathological appearances of many end stage illnesses, and is considered as a lethal threat to human health, especially in the elderly with ageing-related diseases. CX3C ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is the only member of chemokine CX3C and binds specifically to CX3C receptor 1 (CX3CR1). Different from other chemokines, CX3CL1 possesses both chemotactic and adhesive activity. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involves in various physiological and pathological processes, and exerts a critical role in cells from the immune system, vascular system, and nervous system etc. Notably, increasing evidence has demonstrated that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway is closely related to the pathological process of fibrosis in multiple tissue and organs. We reviewed the crucial role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in fibrosis and ageing and systematically summarized the underlying mechanism, which offers prospective strategies of targeting CX3C for the therapy of fibrosis and ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanning Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Hasegawa T, Utsunomiya A, Chino T, Kasamatsu H, Shimizu T, Matsushita T, Obara T, Ishii N, Ogasawara H, Ikeda W, Imai T, Oyama N, Hasegawa M. Anti-CX3CL1 (fractalkine) monoclonal antibody attenuates lung and skin fibrosis in sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease mouse model. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:94. [PMID: 38702742 PMCID: PMC11067205 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular injury and inflammation, followed by excessive fibrosis of the skin and other internal organs, including the lungs. CX3CL1 (fractalkine), a chemokine expressed on endothelial cells, supports the migration of macrophages and T cells that express its specific receptor CX3CR1 into targeted tissues. We previously reported that anti-CX3CL1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced expression of type I collagen and fibronectin 1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, anti-mouse CX3CL1 mAb efficiently suppressed skin inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin- and growth factor-induced SSc mouse models. However, further studies using different mouse models of the complex immunopathology of SSc are required before the initiation of a clinical trial of CX3CL1 inhibitors for human SSc. METHODS To assess the preclinical utility and functional mechanism of anti-CX3CL1 mAb therapy in skin and lung fibrosis, a sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (Scl-cGVHD) mouse model was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining for characteristic infiltrating cells and RNA sequencing assays. RESULTS On day 42 after bone marrow transplantation, Scl-cGVHD mice showed increased serum CX3CL1 level. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-CX3CL1 mAb inhibited the development of fibrosis in the skin and lungs of Scl-cGVHD model, and did not result in any apparent adverse events. The therapeutic effects were correlated with the number of tissue-infiltrating inflammatory cells and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. RNA sequencing analysis of the fibrotic skin demonstrated that cGVHD-dependent induction of gene sets associated with macrophage-related inflammation and fibrosis was significantly downregulated by mAb treatment. In the process of fibrosis, mAb treatment reduced cGVHD-induced infiltration of macrophages and T cells in the skin and lungs, especially those expressing CX3CR1. CONCLUSIONS Together with our previous findings in other SSc mouse models, the current results indicated that anti-CX3CL1 mAb therapy could be a rational therapeutic approach for fibrotic disorders, such as human SSc and Scl-cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takenao Chino
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | | | - Naoto Ishii
- KAN Research Institute, Inc, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Ikeda
- KAN Research Institute, Inc, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- IDDK Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 135-0047, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Advanced Therapeutic Target Discovery, Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Zhu J, Fan J, Xia Y, Wang H, Li Y, Feng Z, Fu C. Potential therapeutic targets of macrophages in inhibiting immune damage and fibrotic processes in musculoskeletal diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219487. [PMID: 37545490 PMCID: PMC10400722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell type with high plasticity, exhibiting unique activation characteristics that modulate the progression and resolution of diseases, serving as a key mediator in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Macrophages display a variety of activation states in response to stimuli in the local environment, with their subpopulations and biological functions being dependent on the local microenvironment. Resident tissue macrophages exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles and functions, all of which are essential for maintaining internal homeostasis. Dysfunctional macrophage subpopulations, or an imbalance in the M1/M2 subpopulation ratio, contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases. In skeletal muscle disorders, immune and inflammatory damage, as well as fibrosis induced by macrophages, are prominent pathological features. Therefore, targeting macrophages is of great significance for maintaining tissue homeostasis and treating skeletal muscle disorders. In this review, we discuss the receptor-ligand interactions regulating macrophages and identify potential targets for inhibiting collateral damage and fibrosis in skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we explore strategies for modulating macrophages to maintain tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijia Feng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Makinde HKM, Dunn JLM, Gadhvi G, Carns M, Aren K, Chung AH, Muhammad LN, Song J, Cuda CM, Dominguez S, Pandolfino JE, Dematte D’Amico JE, Budinger GS, Assassi S, Frech TM, Khanna D, Shaeffer A, Perlman H, Hinchcliff M, Winter DR. Three Distinct Transcriptional Profiles of Monocytes Associate with Disease Activity in Scleroderma Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:595-608. [PMID: 36281773 PMCID: PMC10165944 DOI: 10.1002/art.42380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) display a complex clinical phenotype. Transcriptional profiling of whole blood or tissue from patients are affected by changes in cellular composition that drive gene expression and an inability to detect minority cell populations. We undertook this study to focus on the 2 main subtypes of circulating monocytes, classical monocytes (CMs) and nonclassical monocytes (NCMs) as a biomarker of SSc disease severity. METHODS SSc patients were recruited from the Prospective Registry for Early Systemic Sclerosis. Clinical data were collected, as well as peripheral blood for isolation of CMs and NCMs. Age-, sex-, and race-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Bulk macrophages were isolated from the skin in a separate cohort. All samples were assayed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS We used an unbiased approach to cluster patients into 3 groups (groups A-C) based on the transcriptional signatures of CMs relative to controls. Each group maintained their characteristic transcriptional signature in NCMs. Genes up-regulated in group C demonstrated the highest expression compared to the other groups in SSc skin macrophages, relative to controls. Patients from groups B and C exhibited worse lung function than group A, although there was no difference in SSc skin disease at baseline, relative to controls. We validated our approach by applying our group classifications to published bulk monocyte RNA-seq data from SSc patients, and we found that patients without skin disease were most likely to be classified as group A. CONCLUSION We are the first to show that transcriptional signatures of CMs and NCMs can be used to unbiasedly stratify SSc patients and correlate with disease activity outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadijat-Kubura M. Makinde
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Julia L. M. Dunn
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Allergy & Immunology. Cincinnati, OH 45229 (current affiliation)
| | - Gaurav Gadhvi
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mary Carns
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kathleen Aren
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Anh H. Chung
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lutfiyya N. Muhammad
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jing Song
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Carla M. Cuda
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Salina Dominguez
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John E. Pandolfino
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jane E. Dematte D’Amico
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - G. Scott Budinger
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Prospective Registry of Early Systemic Sclerosis (PRESS) consortium. Shervin Assassi MD MS- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (TX), Elana Bernstein MD MS- Columbia University (NY), Robyn Domsic MD MS - University of Pittsburgh (PA), Tracy Frech MD MS - University of Utah (UT), Jessica Gordon - Hospital for Special Surgery (NY), Faye Hant - Medical University of South Carolina (SC), Monique Hinchcliff – Yale School of Medicine (CT), Dinesh Khanna MD MS - University of Michigan (MI), Ami Shah - Johns Hopkins University (MD), Victoria Shanmugam - George Washington University (DC)
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Division of Rheumatology, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tracy M. Frech
- Prospective Registry of Early Systemic Sclerosis (PRESS) consortium. Shervin Assassi MD MS- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (TX), Elana Bernstein MD MS- Columbia University (NY), Robyn Domsic MD MS - University of Pittsburgh (PA), Tracy Frech MD MS - University of Utah (UT), Jessica Gordon - Hospital for Special Surgery (NY), Faye Hant - Medical University of South Carolina (SC), Monique Hinchcliff – Yale School of Medicine (CT), Dinesh Khanna MD MS - University of Michigan (MI), Ami Shah - Johns Hopkins University (MD), Victoria Shanmugam - George Washington University (DC)
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology. Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Prospective Registry of Early Systemic Sclerosis (PRESS) consortium. Shervin Assassi MD MS- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (TX), Elana Bernstein MD MS- Columbia University (NY), Robyn Domsic MD MS - University of Pittsburgh (PA), Tracy Frech MD MS - University of Utah (UT), Jessica Gordon - Hospital for Special Surgery (NY), Faye Hant - Medical University of South Carolina (SC), Monique Hinchcliff – Yale School of Medicine (CT), Dinesh Khanna MD MS - University of Michigan (MI), Ami Shah - Johns Hopkins University (MD), Victoria Shanmugam - George Washington University (DC)
- University of Michigan, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alex Shaeffer
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Harris Perlman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
- Prospective Registry of Early Systemic Sclerosis (PRESS) consortium. Shervin Assassi MD MS- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (TX), Elana Bernstein MD MS- Columbia University (NY), Robyn Domsic MD MS - University of Pittsburgh (PA), Tracy Frech MD MS - University of Utah (UT), Jessica Gordon - Hospital for Special Surgery (NY), Faye Hant - Medical University of South Carolina (SC), Monique Hinchcliff – Yale School of Medicine (CT), Dinesh Khanna MD MS - University of Michigan (MI), Ami Shah - Johns Hopkins University (MD), Victoria Shanmugam - George Washington University (DC)
- Yale University, School of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology. New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. Chicago, IL 60611
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Wenzel D, Haddadi N, Afshari K, Richmond JM, Rashighi M. Upcoming treatments for morphea. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1101-1145. [PMID: 34272836 PMCID: PMC8589364 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphea (localized scleroderma) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease with variable clinical presentations, with an annual incidence of 0.4-2.7 cases per 100,000. Morphea occurs most frequently in children aged 2-14 years, and the disease exhibits a female predominance. Insights into morphea pathogenesis are often extrapolated from studies of systemic sclerosis due to their similar skin histopathologic features; however, clinically they are two distinct diseases as evidenced by different demographics, clinical features, disease course and prognosis. An interplay between genetic factors, epigenetic modifications, immune and vascular dysfunction, along with environmental hits are considered as the main contributors to morphea pathogenesis. In this review, we describe potential new therapies for morphea based on both preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials. We focus on different classes of therapeutics, including antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, cellular and gene therapy, and antisenolytic approaches, and how these target different aspects of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wenzel
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nazgol‐Sadat Haddadi
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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Shibuya R, Ishida Y, Hanakawa S, Kataoka TR, Takeuchi Y, Murata T, Akagi A, Chow Z, Kogame T, Nakamizo S, Nakajima S, Egawa G, Nomura T, Kambe N, Kitoh A, Kabashima K. CCL2‒CCR2 Signaling in the Skin Drives Surfactant-Induced Irritant Contact Dermatitis through IL-1β‒Mediated Neutrophil Accumulation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:571-582.e9. [PMID: 34560074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-induced cumulative irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a common and clinically important skin disorder. CCL2 is known to mediate inflammation after tissue damage in various organs. Thus, we investigated whether and how CCL2 contributes to the development of murine cumulative ICD induced by a common surfactant, SDS. Wild-type mice treated topically with SDS for 6 consecutive days developed skin inflammation that recapitulated the features of human cumulative ICD, including barrier disruption, epidermal thickening, and neutrophil accumulation. CCL2 was upregulated in SDS-treated skin, and local CCL2 blockade attenuated SDS-induced ICD. SDS-induced ICD and neutrophil accumulation were also attenuated in mice deficient in CCR2, the receptor for CCL2. Neutrophil depletion alleviated SDS-induced ICD, suggesting that impaired neutrophil accumulation was responsible for the amelioration of ICD in CCR2-deficient mice. In RNA-sequencing analyses of SDS-treated skin, the expression levels of Il1b in Ccr2-deficient mice were highly downregulated compared with those in wild-type mice. Furthermore, the intradermal administration of IL-1β in the SDS-treated skin of CCR2-deficient mice restored the local accumulation of neutrophils and the development of ICD. Collectively, our results suggest that CCL2‒CCR2 signaling in the skin critically promotes the development of SDS-induced ICD by inducing IL-1β expression for neutrophil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Shibuya
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Hanakawa
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Takeuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruasa Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arisa Akagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zachary Chow
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshiaki Kogame
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naotomo Kambe
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Hong C, Jin R, Dai X, Gao X. Functional Contributions of Antigen Presenting Cells in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614183. [PMID: 33717098 PMCID: PMC7943746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is one of the most common reasons of late non-relapse morbidity and mortality of patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). While acute GVHD is considered driven by a pathogenic T cell dominant mechanism, the pathogenesis of cGVHD is much complicated and involves participation of a variety of immune cells other than pathogenic T cells. Existing studies have revealed that antigen presenting cells (APCs) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. APCs could not only present auto- and alloantigens to prime and activate pathogenic T cells, but also directly mediate the pathogenesis of cGVHD via multiple mechanisms including infiltration into tissues/organs, production of inflammatory cytokines as well as auto- and alloantibodies. The studies of this field have led to several therapies targeting different APCs with promising results. This review will focus on the important roles of APCs and their contributions in the pathophysiology of cGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Tanaka Y, Hoshino-Negishi K, Kuboi Y, Tago F, Yasuda N, Imai T. Emerging Role of Fractalkine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:241-253. [PMID: 33178636 PMCID: PMC7649223 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s277991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects joints and is characterized by synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion associated with neovascularization and infiltration of proinflammatory cells. The introduction of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs has dramatically changed the treatment of RA over the last 20 years. However, fewer than 50% of RA patients enter remission, and 10–15% are treatment refractory. There is currently no cure for RA. Fractalkine (FKN, also known as CX3CL1) is a cell membrane-bound chemokine that can be induced on activated vascular endothelial cells. FKN has dual functions as a cell adhesion molecule and a chemoattractant. FKN binds specifically to the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which is selectively expressed on subsets of immune cells such as patrolling monocytes and killer lymphocytes. The FKN–CX3CR1 axis is thought to play important roles in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade and can contribute to exacerbation of tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, studies in animal models have shown that inhibition of the FKN–CX3CR1 axis not only improves rheumatic diseases but also reduces associated complications, such as pulmonary fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Recently, a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody, E6011, showed promising efficacy with a dose-dependent clinical response and favorable safety profile in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with RA (NCT02960438). Taken together, the preclinical and clinical results suggest that E6011 may represent a new therapeutic approach for rheumatic diseases by suppressing a major contributor to inflammation and mitigating concomitant cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases. In this review, we describe the role of the FKN–CX3CR1 axis in rheumatic diseases and the therapeutic potential of anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies to fulfill unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Cheikhi AM, Johnson ZI, Julian DR, Wheeler S, Feghali-Bostwick C, Conley YP, Lyons-Weiler J, Yates CC. Prediction of severity and subtype of fibrosing disease using model informed by inflammation and extracellular matrix gene index. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240986. [PMID: 33095822 PMCID: PMC7584227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation, rate of progression, and occurrence of comorbidities. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a rare rheumatic autoimmune disease that encompasses several aspects of fibrosis, including highly variable fibrotic manifestation and rate of progression. The development of effective treatments is limited by these variabilities. The fibrotic response is characterized by both chronic inflammation and extracellular remodeling. Therefore, there is a need for improved understanding of which inflammation-related genes contribute to the ongoing turnover of extracellular matrix that accompanies disease. We have developed a multi-tiered method using Naïve Bayes modeling that is capable of predicting level of disease and clinical assessment of patients based on expression of a curated 60-gene panel that profiles inflammation and extracellular matrix production in the fibrotic disease state. Our novel modeling design, incorporating global and parametric-based methods, was highly accurate in distinguishing between severity groups, highlighting the importance of these genes in disease. We refined this gene set to a 12-gene index that can accurately identify SSc patient disease state subsets and informs knowledge of the central regulatory pathways in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin M. Cheikhi
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Zariel I. Johnson
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dana R. Julian
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - James Lyons-Weiler
- Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Cecelia C. Yates
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Understanding Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis: Novel and Emerging Treatment Approaches. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Muraoka S, Nishio J, Kuboi Y, Imai T, Nanki T. Rationale for and clinical development of anti-fractalkine antibody in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 32401060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. Expert opinion: A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Herrera I, Salgado-Aguayo A, Buendía-Roldán I, Becerril C, Cisneros J. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 could be a relevant molecular axis in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2357-2361. [PMID: 32922201 PMCID: PMC7484633 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.43748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disease of unknown cause. It is characterized by the aberrant activation of the bronchioalveolar epithelium, the formation of fibroblast foci and the excessive production extracellular matrix. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathobiology of the disease are unclear. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis regulates cellular responses that are known to be relevant in IPF, such as proliferation and collagen production. In this study, we characterize for the first time the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor in lung tissue from patients with IPF; and its effect on collagen production in IPF fibroblasts. We found that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has a modified expression in the lung tissue, importantly this axis is expressed on fibroblasts, and CX3CL1 decreased the collagen production in pulmonary fibroblasts derived from IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iliana Herrera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Aging and Fibrosis Lung, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina Becerril
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Cisneros
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Research on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Lehner C, Spitzer G, Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Weissenbacher N, Deininger C, Emmanuel K, Wichlas F, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Tenophages: a novel macrophage-like tendon cell population expressing CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041384. [PMID: 31744815 PMCID: PMC6918766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and properties of these cells remain poorly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of cells in healthy rodent and human tendon tissue fulfilling macrophage-like functions. Using various transgenic reporter mouse models, we demonstrate the presence of tendon-resident cells in the dense matrix of the tendon core expressing the fractalkine (Fkn) receptor CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1/Fkn. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of 3D tendon-like constructs in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Mmp3, Mmp9, CX3CL1 and epiregulin, which has been reported to contribute to inflammation, wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of the Fkn receptor blocked tendon cell migration in vitro, and show the presence of CX3CL1/CX3CR1/EREG-expressing cells in healthy human tendons. Taken together, we demonstrate the presence of CX3CL1+/CX3CR1+ 'tenophages' within the healthy tendon proper, which potentially fulfill surveillance functions in tendons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Deininger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Emmanuel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Wichlas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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16
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Luong VH, Utsunomiya A, Chino T, Doanh LH, Matsushita T, Obara T, Kuboi Y, Ishii N, Machinaga A, Ogasawara H, Ikeda W, Kawano T, Imai T, Oyama N, Hasegawa M. Inhibition of the Progression of Skin Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Vascular Injury by Blockade of the CX 3 CL1/CX 3 CR1 Pathway in Experimental Mouse Models of Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1923-1934. [PMID: 31173491 DOI: 10.1002/art.41009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the preclinical efficacy and mechanism of action of an anti-CX3 CL1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were used to evaluate the direct effect of anti-CX3 CL1 mAb on fibroblasts. In addition, bleomycin-induced and growth factor-induced models of SSc were used to investigate the effect of anti-CX3 CL1 mAb on leukocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, and vascular damage in the skin. RESULTS Anti-CX3 CL1 mAb treatment significantly inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation (P < 0.05) and expression of type I collagen and fibronectin 1 (P < 0.01) in dermal fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). In the bleomycin model, daily subcutaneous bleomycin injection increased serum CX3 CL1 levels (P < 0.05) and augmented lesional CX3 CL1 expression. Simultaneous administration of anti-CX3 CL1 mAb or CX3 CR1 deficiency significantly suppressed the dermal thickness, collagen content, and capillary loss caused by bleomycin (P < 0.05). Injection of bleomycin induced expression of pSmad3 and TGFβ1 in the skin, which was inhibited by anti-CX3 CL1 mAb. Further, the dermal infiltration of CX3 CR1+ cells, macrophages (inflammatory and alternatively activated [M2-like] subsets), and CD3+ cells significantly decreased following anti-CX3 CL1 mAb therapy (P < 0.05), as did the enhanced skin expression of fibrogenic molecules, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (P < 0.05). However, the treatment did not significantly reduce established skin fibrosis. In the second model, simultaneous anti-mCX3 CL1 mAb therapy significantly diminished the skin fibrosis induced by serial subcutaneous injection of TGFβ and connective tissue growth factor (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Anti-CX3 CL1 mAb therapy may be a novel approach for treating early skin fibrosis in inflammation-driven fibrotic skin disorders such as SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu H Luong
- University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan, and Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le H Doanh
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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17
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Helmke A, Nordlohne J, Balzer MS, Dong L, Rong S, Hiss M, Shushakova N, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. CX3CL1–CX3CR1 interaction mediates macrophage-mesothelial cross talk and promotes peritoneal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1405-1417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Benyamine A, Magalon J, Sabatier F, Lyonnet L, Robert S, Dumoulin C, Morange S, Mazodier K, Kaplanski G, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Rossi P, Dignat-George F, Granel B, Paul P. Natural Killer Cells Exhibit a Peculiar Phenotypic Profile in Systemic Sclerosis and Are Potent Inducers of Endothelial Microparticles Release. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1665. [PMID: 30072999 PMCID: PMC6058015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves early endothelial and immune activation, both preceding the onset of fibrosis. We previously identified soluble fractalkine and circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) as biomarkers of endothelial inflammatory activation in SSc. Fractalkine plays a dual role as a membrane-bound adhesion molecule expressed in inflamed endothelial cells (ECs) and as a chemokine involved in the recruitment, transmigration, and cytotoxic activation of immune cells that express CX3CR1, the receptor of fractalkine, namely CD8 and γδ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. We aimed to quantify circulating cytotoxic immune cells and their expression of CX3CR1. We further investigated the expression profile of NK cells chemokine receptors and activation markers and the potential of NK cells to induce EC activation in SSc. We performed a monocentric study (NCT 02636127) enrolling 15 SSc patients [15 females, median age of 55 years (39–63), 11 limited cutaneous form and 4 diffuse] and 15 healthy controls. Serum fractalkine levels were significantly increased in SSc patients. Circulating CD8 T cells numbers were decreased in SSc patients with no difference in their CX3CR1 expression. Circulating γδ T cells and NK cells numbers were preserved. CX3CR1 expression in CD8 and γδ T cells did not differ between SSc patients and controls. The percentage and level of CX3CR1 expression in NK cells were significantly lowered in SSc patients. Percentages of CXCR4, NKG2D, CD69-expressing NK cells, and their expression levels were decreased in NK cells. Conversely, CD16 level expression and percentages of CD16+ NK cells were preserved. The exposure of human microvascular dermic EC line (HMVEC-d) to peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in similar NK cells degranulation activity in SSc patients and controls. We further showed that NK cells purified from the blood of SSc patients induced enhanced release of EMPs than NK cells from controls. This study evidenced a peculiar NK cells phenotype in SSc characterized by decreased chemokine and activation receptors expression, that might reflect NK cells involvement in the pathogenic process. It also highlighted the role of NK cells as a potent mechanism inducing endothelial activation through enhanced EMPs release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Benyamine
- Internal Medicine Department, Pôle MINC, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Investigation clinique (CIC), Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Lyonnet
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Chloé Dumoulin
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Morange
- Centre d'Investigation clinique (CIC), Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Karin Mazodier
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, Pôle MINC, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, Pôle MINC, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pascal Rossi
- Internal Medicine Department, Pôle MINC, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- Internal Medicine Department, Pôle MINC, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Paul
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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19
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Luong VH, Chino T, Oyama N, Matsushita T, Sasaki Y, Ogura D, Niwa SI, Biswas T, Hamasaki A, Fujita M, Okamoto Y, Otsuka M, Ihn H, Hasegawa M. Blockade of TGF-β/Smad signaling by the small compound HPH-15 ameliorates experimental skin fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:46. [PMID: 29544542 PMCID: PMC5855969 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling is well known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We previously developed an artificial molecule, the histidine-pyridine-histidine ligand derivative HPH-15, which may have an antifibrotic effect. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of this drug in human skin fibroblasts and in a preclinical model of SSc. Methods The effects of HPH-15 on expression of extracellular matrix components and TGF-β signaling in human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed. The antifibrotic properties of HPH-15 and its mechanisms were also examined in a bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis mouse model. Results HPH-15 suppressed the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and inhibited the expression of collagen I, fibronectin 1, connective tissue growth factor, and α-smooth muscle actin induced by TGF-β in cultured human skin fibroblasts. In the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis model, oral administration of HPH-15 protected against the development of skin fibrosis and ameliorated established skin fibrosis. Additionally, HPH-15 suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad3 in various cells, including macrophages in the bleomycin-injected skin. Further, in the treated mice, dermal infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages (CD11b+Ly6Chi) and M2 profibrotic macrophages (CD11b+CD204+ or CD11b+CD206+) was significantly decreased during the early and late stages, respectively. HPH-15 treatment resulted in decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the M2 macrophage markers arginase 1 and Ym-1 in the skin, whereas it inversely augmented expression of Friend leukemia integration 1 and Krüppel-like factor 5 mRNAs, the transcription factors that repress collagen synthesis. No apparent adverse effects of HPH-15 were found during the treatment. Conclusions HPH-15 may inhibit skin fibrosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad3 in dermal fibroblasts and possibly in macrophages. Our results demonstrate several positive qualities of HPH-15, including oral bioavailability, a good safety profile, and therapeutic effectiveness. Thus, this TGF-β/Smad inhibitor is a potential candidate therapeutic for SSc clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1534-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Huy Luong
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takenao Chino
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tanima Biswas
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Hamasaki
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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20
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MacDonald KPA, Betts BC, Couriel D. Reprint of: Emerging Therapeutics for the Control of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:S7-S14. [PMID: 29425517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli P A MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Brian C Betts
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Daniel Couriel
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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21
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Raker VK, Ook KY, Haub J, Lorenz N, Schmidt T, Stegemann A, Böhm M, Schuppan D, Steinbrink K. Myeloid cell populations and fibrogenic parameters in bleomycin- and HOCl-induced fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:887-894. [PMID: 27307019 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models resembling systemic sclerosis can be chemically induced by application of bleomycin or hypochloric acid (HOCl). To date, little is known about inflammatory cells and their potential role in scleroderma (Scl)-related fibrosis. Therefore, we compared both Scl models to define the early immune cell subsets in relation to fibrosis-related parameters. Both agents induced a significant increase in dermal thickness and collagen deposition after 4 weeks, as hallmarks of Scl. However, clinical skin thickness, densely packed, sirius red-stained collagen bundles and collagen cross-links were more pronounced in HOCl-induced Scl. In parallel, there was a significant upregulation of procollagen α1(I), α-SMA and TGF-β transcripts in HOCl animals, whereas IL-1β and MMP-13 mRNA levels were significantly increased in bleomycin-treated mice. Flow cytometric analysis of the Scl skin demonstrated an early cellular infiltrate containing mainly CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD11c+ DC and CD11b+ myeloid cells, the latter ones being significantly more prominent after HOCl injection. Subanalysis revealed that Scl mice exhibited a significant increase of inflammatory myeloid CD11b+ Ly6Clow-high CD64low-high cells (HOCl>bleomycin). In particular, in the HOCl model, activated dermal macrophages (CCR2low MHCIIhigh ) and monocyte-derived DC (CCR2high MHCIIhigh ) predominated over less activated CD11b+ myeloid cells. In conclusion, the two models differ in certain aspects of the murine and human scleroderma but in the HOCl model, myeloid CD11b+ MHCIIhigh cells correlate with some fibrosis-related parameters. Therefore, analysis of both models is suggested to cover a comprehensive profile of Scl symptoms but with focus on the HOCl model when the role of early myeloid immune cells will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kim Y Ook
- Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Haub
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Lorenz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Talkea Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- University Medical Center Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Emerging Therapeutics for the Control of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:19-26. [PMID: 29032060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Schmidt KG, Herrero San Juan M, Trautmann S, Berninger L, Schwiebs A, Ottenlinger FM, Thomas D, Zaucke F, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 5 Modulates Early-Stage Processes during Fibrogenesis in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1242. [PMID: 29033951 PMCID: PMC5626866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin fibrosis. Inflammation, type 2 immunity, and fibrogenic processes are involved in disease development and may be affected by sphingolipids. However, details about early-stage pathophysiological mechanisms and implicated mediators remain elusive. The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is elevated in the sera of SSc patients, and its receptor S1P5 is expressed in skin tissue. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about the dermatological contribution of S1P5 to inflammatory and pro-fibrotic processes leading to the pathological changes seen in SSc. In this study, we observed a novel effect of S1P5 on the inflammatory processes during low-dose bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrogenesis in murine skin. By comparing 2-week-treated skin areas of wild-type (WT) and S1P5-deficient mice, we found that S1P5 is important for the transcriptional upregulation of the Th2 characteristic transcription factor GATA-3 under treatment-induced inflammatory conditions, while T-bet (Th1) and FoxP3 (Treg) mRNA expression was regulated independently of S1P5. Additionally, treatment caused a regulation of S1P receptor 1 and S1P receptor 3 mRNA as well as a regulation of long-chain ceramide profiles, which both differ significantly between the genotypes. Despite S1P5-dependent differences regarding inflammatory processes, similar macroscopic evidence of fibrosis was detected in the skin histology of WT and S1P5-deficient mice after 4 weeks of subcutaneous BLM treatment. However, at the earlier 2-week point in time, the mRNA data of pro-collagen type 1 and SMAD7 indicate a pro-fibrotic S1P5 contribution in the applied SSc mouse model. In conclusion, we propose that S1P5 plays a role as a novel modulator during the early phase of BLM-caused fibrogenesis in murine skin. An immediate relationship between dermal S1P5 expression and fibrotic processes leading to skin alterations, such as formative for SSc pathogenesis, is indicated but should be studied more profound in further investigations. Therefore, this study is an initial step in understanding the role of S1P5-mediated effects during early stages of fibrogenesis, which may encourage the ongoing search for new therapeutic options for SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin G Schmidt
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucija Berninger
- Dr Rolf M Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital, Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Schwiebs
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian M Ottenlinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr Rolf M Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital, Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Saito T, Hara M, Kumamaru H, Kobayakawa K, Yokota K, Kijima K, Yoshizaki S, Harimaya K, Matsumoto Y, Kawaguchi K, Hayashida M, Inagaki Y, Shiba K, Nakashima Y, Okada S. Macrophage Infiltration Is a Causative Factor for Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy through the Activation of Collagen Production in Fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2831-2840. [PMID: 28935572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy causes lumbar spinal canal stenosis, leading to leg pain and disability in activities of daily living in elderly individuals. Although previous studies have been performed on LF hypertrophy, its pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that infiltrating macrophages were a causative factor for LF hypertrophy. Induction of macrophages into the mouse LF by applying a microinjury resulted in LF hypertrophy along with collagen accumulation and fibroblasts proliferation at the injured site, which were very similar to the characteristics observed in the severely hypertrophied LF of human. However, we found that macrophage depletion by injecting clodronate-containing liposomes counteracted LF hypertrophy even with microinjury. For identification of fibroblasts in the LF, we used collagen type I α2 linked to green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and selectively isolated green fluorescent protein-positive fibroblasts from the microinjured LF using laser microdissection. A quantitative RT-PCR on laser microdissection samples revealed that the gene expression of collagen markedly increased in the fibroblasts at the injured site with infiltrating macrophages compared with the uninjured location. These results suggested that macrophage infiltration was crucial for LF hypertrophy by stimulating collagen production in fibroblasts, providing better understanding of the pathophysiology of LF hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Saito
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hara
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kumamaru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazu Kobayakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yokota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Kijima
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Yoshizaki
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hayashida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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25
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Benyamine A, Magalon J, Cointe S, Lacroix R, Arnaud L, Bardin N, Rossi P, Francès Y, Bernard-Guervilly F, Kaplanski G, Harlé JR, Weiller PJ, Berbis P, Braunstein D, Jouve E, Lesavre N, Couranjou F, Dignat-George F, Sabatier F, Paul P, Granel B. Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34 +CD45 - endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:60. [PMID: 28320472 PMCID: PMC5359964 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is reflected by soluble and cellular markers of activation, injury and repair. We aimed to provide a combined assessment of endothelial markers to delineate specific profiles associated with SSc disease and its severity. Methods We conducted an observational, single-centre study comprising 45 patients with SSc and 41 healthy control subjects. Flow cytometry was used to quantify circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and CD34+ progenitor cell subsets. Colony-forming unit-endothelial cells (CFU-ECs) were counted by culture assay. Circulating endothelial cells were enumerated using anti-CD146-based immunomagnetic separation. Blood levels of endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble fractalkine (s-Fractalkine) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease-associated markers were identified using univariate, correlation and multivariate analyses. Results Enhanced numbers of EMPs, CFU-ECs and non-haematopoietic CD34+CD45− endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were observed in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc also displayed higher serum levels of VEGF, endothelin-1 and s-Fractalkine. s-Fractalkine levels positively correlated with CD34+CD45− EPC numbers. EMPs, s-Fractalkine and endothelin-1 were independent factors associated with SSc. Patients with high CD34+CD45− EPC numbers had lower forced vital capacity values. Elevated s-Fractalkine levels were associated with disease severity, a higher frequency of pulmonary fibrosis and altered carbon monoxide diffusion. Conclusions This study identifies the mobilisation of CD34+CD45− EPCs and high levels of s-Fractalkine as specific features of SSc-associated vascular activation and disease severity. This signature may provide novel insights linking endothelial inflammation and defective repair processes in the pathogenesis of SSc. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1271-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Benyamine
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France. .,Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France. .,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, CICBT 1409, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Sylvie Cointe
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Immunology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Yves Francès
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - Fanny Bernard-Guervilly
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Internal Medicine Department, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Jean-Robert Harlé
- Internal Medicine Department, APHM, CHU Timone, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | | | - Philippe Berbis
- Dermatology Department, APHM, CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - David Braunstein
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Couranjou
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, CICBT 1409, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Pascale Paul
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
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26
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Fan Y, Xiong X, Zhang Y, Yan D, Jian Z, Xu B, Zhao H. MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4-CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003615. [PMID: 27633389 PMCID: PMC5079025 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4–CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied the role of MKEY in stroke‐induced brain injury in mice. Methods and Results MKEY was injected into mice after stroke with 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were measured. Protein levels of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 were detected by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Numbers of microglia‐derived macrophages (MiMΦs) and monocyte‐derived MΦs (MoMΦs) in the brain, and their subsets, based on the surface markers CD45, CD11b, CCR2, CX3CR1, and Ly6C, were analyzed by FACS. MΦs and neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic brain were stained with CD68 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively, and assessed by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. The results showed that expressions of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, were increased in the ischemic brain after stroke. MKEY injection significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores measured 72 hours after stroke. In addition, MKEY injection inhibited the number of MoMΦs, but not MiMΦs, in the ischemic brain. Furthermore, MKEY inhibited protein expression levels of Ly6C,CCR2, and CX3CR1 on MoMΦs. Lastly, the confocal study also suggests that the number of CD68‐positive MΦs and MPO‐positive neutrophils was inhibited by MKEY injection. Conclusions MKEY injection protects against stroke‐induced brain injury, probably by inhibiting MoMΦ‐mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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27
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Venosa A, Malaviya R, Choi H, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Characterization of Distinct Macrophage Subpopulations during Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Lung Injury and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:436-46. [PMID: 26273949 PMCID: PMC4821033 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0120oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is an alkylating agent known to cause extensive pulmonary injury progressing to fibrosis. This is accompanied by a persistent macrophage inflammatory response. In these studies, we characterized the phenotype of macrophages accumulating in the lung over time following NM exposure. Treatment of rats with NM (0.125 mg/kg, intratracheally) resulted in an increase in CD11b(+) macrophages in histologic sections. These cells consisted of inducible nitric oxide synthase(+) (iNOS) proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and CD68(+), CD163(+), CD206(+), YM-1(+), and arginase-II(+)antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Although M1 macrophages were prominent 1-3 days after NM, M2 macrophages were most notable at 28 days. At this time, they were enlarged and vacuolated, consistent with a profibrotic phenotype. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lung macrophages identified three phenotypically distinct subpopulations: mature CD11b(-), CD43(-), and CD68(+) resident macrophages, which decreased in numbers after NM; and two infiltrating (CD11b(+)) macrophage subsets: immature CD43(+) M1 macrophages and mature CD43(-) M2 macrophages, which increased sequentially. Time-related increases in M1 (iNOS, IL-12α, COX-2, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, matrix metalloproteinase-10) and M2 (IL-10, pentraxin-2, connective tissue growth factor, ApoE) genes, as well as chemokines/chemokine receptors associated with trafficking of M1 (CCR2, CCR5, CCL2, CCL5) and M2 (CX3CR1, fractalkine) macrophages to sites of injury, were also noted in macrophages isolated from the lung after NM. The appearance of M1 and M2 macrophages in the lung correlated with NM-induced acute injury and the development of fibrosis, suggesting a potential role of these macrophage subpopulations in the pathogenic response to NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Hyejeong Choi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L. Laskin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and
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28
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Kudo H, Wang Z, Jinnin M, Nakayama W, Inoue K, Honda N, Nakashima T, Kajihara I, Makino K, Makino T, Fukushima S, Ihn H. EBI3 Downregulation Contributes to Type I Collagen Overexpression in Scleroderma Skin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3565-73. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Enhanced chemokine-receptor expression, function, and signaling in healthy African American and scleroderma-patient monocytes are regulated by caveolin-1. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2015; 8:11. [PMID: 26322128 PMCID: PMC4551709 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-015-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background A major health disparity suffered by African Americans (AA) is a predisposition toward fibrotic diseases of the skin, lung, and other organs. We previously showed that healthy AA and scleroderma (systemic sclerosis (SSc)) patient monocytes share biochemical and functional differences from control Caucasian (C) monocytes that may predispose AA to SSc. The central difference is a decrease in caveolin-1. Low caveolin-1 levels promote monocyte migration, their differentiation into fibrocytes, and fibrocyte recruitment into fibrotic tissues. Here we have greatly expanded our studies on the mechanism of action in fibrosis of caveolin-1 in AA and SSc monocytes. Results Expression of chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3) is enhanced in healthy AA monocytes compared to healthy C monocytes and further increased in SSc monocytes. A parallel increase in function occurs assessed by migration toward chemokines MCP-1 and MCP-3. Chemokine-receptor expression and function are inhibited by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSD) via its action as a surrogate for caveolin-1. Cells bearing chemokine receptors accumulate to high levels in fibrotic lung and skin tissue from SSc patients and from mice treated with bleomycin. This accumulation is almost completely blocked in mice treated with CSD. In signaling studies, Src activation is enhanced in AA monocytes compared to C monocytes and further increased in SSc monocytes. Lyn is also highly activated in SSc monocytes. Src and Lyn activation are inhibited by CSD. Src and Lyn’s roles in monocyte migration were demonstrated using specific inhibitors. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the expression and function of CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 are upregulated in monocytes from healthy AA and from SSc patients via molecular mechanisms involving caveolin-1, Src/Lyn, and MEK/ERK. The results suggest that the migration/recruitment of monocytes and fibrocytes into fibrotic tissues, mediated at least in part by CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3, plays a major role in the progression of lung and skin fibrosis and in the predisposition of AA to fibrotic diseases. Our findings further suggest that chemokine receptors and signaling molecules, particularly caveolin-1, that control their expression/function are promising targets for treating fibrotic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13069-015-0028-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Falkenham A, de Antueno R, Rosin N, Betsch D, Lee TD, Duncan R, Légaré JF. Nonclassical Resident Macrophages Are Important Determinants in the Development of Myocardial Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:927-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Engel DR, Krause TA, Snelgrove SL, Thiebes S, Hickey MJ, Boor P, Kitching AR, Kurts C. CX3CR1 reduces kidney fibrosis by inhibiting local proliferation of profibrotic macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1628-38. [PMID: 25595779 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A dense network of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) expressing the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 populates most tissues. We recently reported that CX3CR1 regulates the abundance of CD11c(+) DC in the kidney and thereby promotes renal inflammation in glomerulonephritis. Given that chronic inflammation usually causes fibrosis, we hypothesized that CX3CR1 deficiency should attenuate renal fibrosis. However, when we tested this hypothesis using the DC-independent murine fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction, kidney fibrosis was unexpectedly more severe, despite less intrarenal inflammation. Two-photon imaging and flow cytometry revealed in kidneys of CX3CR1-deficient mice more motile Ly6C/Gr-1(+) macrophages. Flow cytometry verified that renal macrophages were more abundant in the absence of CX3CR1 and produced more of the key profibrotic mediator, TGF-β. Macrophages accumulated because of higher intrarenal proliferation, despite reduced monocyte recruitment and higher signs of apoptosis within the kidney. These findings support the theory that tissue macrophage numbers are regulated through local proliferation and identify CX3CR1 as a regulator of such proliferation. Thus, CX3CR1 inhibition should be avoided in DC-independent inflammatory diseases because it may promote fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Engel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten A Krause
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 52074 Aachen, Germany; and Department of Nephrology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
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Mahoney JM, Taroni J, Martyanov V, Wood TA, Greene CS, Pioli PA, Hinchcliff ME, Whitfield ML. Systems level analysis of systemic sclerosis shows a network of immune and profibrotic pathways connected with genetic polymorphisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004005. [PMID: 25569146 PMCID: PMC4288710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease characterized by skin and organ fibrosis. The pathogenesis of SSc and its progression are poorly understood. The SSc intrinsic gene expression subsets (inflammatory, fibroproliferative, normal-like, and limited) are observed in multiple clinical cohorts of patients with SSc. Analysis of longitudinal skin biopsies suggests that a patient's subset assignment is stable over 6-12 months. Genetically, SSc is multi-factorial with many genetic risk loci for SSc generally and for specific clinical manifestations. Here we identify the genes consistently associated with the intrinsic subsets across three independent cohorts, show the relationship between these genes using a gene-gene interaction network, and place the genetic risk loci in the context of the intrinsic subsets. To identify gene expression modules common to three independent datasets from three different clinical centers, we developed a consensus clustering procedure based on mutual information of partitions, an information theory concept, and performed a meta-analysis of these genome-wide gene expression datasets. We created a gene-gene interaction network of the conserved molecular features across the intrinsic subsets and analyzed their connections with SSc-associated genetic polymorphisms. The network is composed of distinct, but interconnected, components related to interferon activation, M2 macrophages, adaptive immunity, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell proliferation. The network shows extensive connections between the inflammatory- and fibroproliferative-specific genes. The network also shows connections between these subset-specific genes and 30 SSc-associated polymorphic genes including STAT4, BLK, IRF7, NOTCH4, PLAUR, CSK, IRAK1, and several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Our analyses suggest that the gene expression changes underlying the SSc subsets may be long-lived, but mechanistically interconnected and related to a patients underlying genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn Taroni
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Viktor Martyanov
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Tammara A. Wood
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Casey S. Greene
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pioli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Monique E. Hinchcliff
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Whitfield
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Kim MS, Song HJ, Lee SH, Lee CK. Comparative study of various growth factors and cytokines on type I collagen and hyaluronan production in human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2014; 13:44-51. [PMID: 24641605 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal fibroblast is a primary cell type responsible for synthesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix in human skin. Type I collagen and hyaluronan are main components that have roles in skin fibrosis, wound healing, tissue remodeling as well as skin aging. Several studies have reported cytokine-dependent changes in collagen expression or hyaluronan production; however, the cytokines' effect was controversial in human dermal fibroblasts. AIMS To clarify the role of various growth factors, cytokines or chemokines on the production of interstitial type I collagen and hyaluronan in dermal fibroblasts. METHODS We confirmed the presence of various corresponding receptors and assessed the effects of 33 human recombinants on the production of type I collagen and hyaluronan using the assay system in dermal fibroblasts. RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-BB, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, MCP-1, IP-10, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-15 were effective on both type I collagen and hyaluronan production, as compared with no stimulated control. On the other hand, IL-10 and IFN- α caused a significant decrease in type I collagen production, and IL-8 and GM-CSF caused a decrease in hyaluronan production compared with no cytokine-treated control. Interestingly, some chemokines, such as MCP-1 (CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), IP-10 (CXCL10), or fractalkine (CX3CL1) significantly induced the type I collagen or hyaluronan production. CONCLUSIONS Various growth factors and cytokines on the regulation of type I collagen and hyaluronan in human dermal skin probably function as key factors in skin remodeling and skin aging. Our profile may help to apply to cosmeceutical area maintaining as young skin through the increase in extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kim
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
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Pugliese SC, Poth JM, Fini MA, Olschewski A, El Kasmi KC, Stenmark KR. The role of inflammation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: from cellular mechanisms to clinical phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L229-52. [PMID: 25416383 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00238.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases sharing the common feature of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. The disease is usually characterized by mild to moderate pulmonary vascular remodeling that is largely thought to be reversible compared with the progressive irreversible disease seen in World Health Organization (WHO) group I disease. However, in these patients, the presence of PH significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. In addition, a small subset of patients with hypoxic PH develop "out-of-proportion" severe pulmonary hypertension characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling that is irreversible and similar to that in WHO group I disease. In all cases of hypoxia-related vascular remodeling and PH, inflammation, particularly persistent inflammation, is thought to play a role. This review focuses on the effects of hypoxia on pulmonary vascular cells and the signaling pathways involved in the initiation and perpetuation of vascular inflammation, especially as they relate to vascular remodeling and transition to chronic irreversible PH. We hypothesize that the combination of hypoxia and local tissue factors/cytokines ("second hit") antagonizes tissue homeostatic cellular interactions between mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells) and macrophages and arrests these cells in an epigenetically locked and permanently activated proremodeling and proinflammatory phenotype. This aberrant cellular cross-talk between mesenchymal cells and macrophages promotes transition to chronic nonresolving inflammation and vascular remodeling, perpetuating PH. A better understanding of these signaling pathways may lead to the development of specific therapeutic targets, as none are currently available for WHO group III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Pugliese
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Jens M Poth
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Nakajima F, Aratani S, Fujita H, Yagishita N, Ichinose S, Makita K, Setoguchi Y, Nakajima T. Synoviolin inhibitor LS-102 reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced collagen secretion in an in vitro model of stress-related interstitial pneumonia. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:110-6. [PMID: 25351210 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The deletion mutation of exon 4 in surfactant protein C (SP-C), a lung surfactant protein, has been identified in parent-child cases of familial interstitial pneumonia. It has been shown that this mutation induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Synoviolin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is localized to the ER and is an important factor in the degradation of ER-related proteins. It has been demonstrated that synoviolin is involved in liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of synoviolin in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia caused by the exon 4 deletion in the SP-C gene. We transfected wild-type and exon 4-deleted SP-C genes into A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and measured the secretion of collagen, which is a representative extracellular matrix protein involved in fibrosis. Secreted collagen levels were increased in the culture medium in SP-C mutants compared to the wild-type cells. Furthermore, the transcription of mRNAs coding for factors associated with fibrosis was increased. Subsequently, to assess the involvement of synoviolin, we constructed plasmids with a luciferase gene under the control of the synoviolin promoter. The A549 cells were transfected with the construct along with the exon 4-deleted SP-C plasmid for use in the luciferase assay. We found a 1.6-fold increase in luciferase activity in the cells carrying exon 4 deleted SP-C, as well as an increase in intrinsic synoviolin expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Collagen secretion was decreased by the addition of LS-102, a synoviolin inhibitor, to the A549 culture medium following transfection with wild-type and exon 4-deleted SP-C. These results demonstrate that synoviolin is involved in the onset of interstitial pneumonia induced by exon 4-deleted SP-C, which suggests that synoviolin inhibitors may be used in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukami Nakajima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Fujita
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Makita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Castro PR, Marques SM, Viana CT, Campos PP, Ferreira MA, Barcelos LS, Andrade SP. Deletion of the chemokine receptor CCR2 attenuates foreign body reaction to implants in mice. Microvasc Res 2014; 95:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li H, Nagai T, Hasui K, Matsuyama T. Depletion of folate receptor β-expressing macrophages alleviates bleomycin-induced experimental skin fibrosis. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:816-22. [PMID: 24498991 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.879415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folate receptor β (FRβ)-expressing macrophages have been identified as activated macrophages. Here, we investigated the infiltration of FRβ-expressing macrophages in a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis and assessed the antifibrotic effects of depletion of FRβ-expressing macrophages in this model using a recombinant immunotoxin to FRβ. METHODS A recombinant immunotoxin (anti-FRβ-PE38) was prepared by conjugating the Fv portion of the anti-mouse FRβ heavy chain with truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (VH-PE38) and the Fv portion of the anti-mouse FRβ light chain. BLM-induced skin fibrosis mice were intravenously treated with either anti-FRβ-PE38 or VH-PE38 as a control protein. Skin fibrosis was evaluated by the change of skin thickness and hydroxyproline content on Day 29. The TGFβ1 mRNA levels in the treated skin were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR on Day 9. RESULTS Numbers of FRβ-expressing macrophages increased in BLM-injected skin. Anti-FRβ-PE38 treatment led to a dramatic reduction in the number of FRβ-expressing macrophages. Additionally, skin thickness and hydroxyproline content, were markedly reduced. TGFβ1 mRNA levels were also down-regulated after the treatment. TGFβ1 expression was enriched in FRβ-expressing macrophages compared with FRβ-negative macrophages. CONCLUSION These results indicated that anti-FRβ-PE38 treatment efficiently depleted FRβ-expressing macrophages and consequently alleviated BLM-induced skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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Yao Y, Tsirka SE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:683-97. [PMID: 24051980 PMCID: PMC3946874 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that maintains the homeostasis of the brain and thus proper neurological functions. BBB compromise has been found in many pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), a chemokine that is transiently and significantly up-regulated during inflammation, is able to disrupt the integrity of BBB and modulate the progression of various diseases, including excitotoxic injury and hemorrhage. In this review, we first introduce the biochemistry and biology of MCP1, and then summarize the effects of MCP1 on BBB integrity as well as individual BBB components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BST8-192, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651 USA
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BST8-192, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651 USA
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Matsushita T, Fujimoto M. Scleroderma: recent lessons from murine models and implications for future therapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2013.835924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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