Artificial neural network for the voltamperometric quantification of diclofenac in presence of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and some commercial excipients

ZIF-67 decorated with silica nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanosheets composite modified electrode for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and diclofenac

In this work, a novel nanocomposite containing zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 decorated silica nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanosheets (ZIF-67/SiO2NPs/GONs) was synthesized and used for the fabrication of the modified glassy carbon electrode for individual and simultaneous electrodetermination of paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DIC) at trace levels. Structural and morphological characterization of the nanocomposite were carried out using suitable techniques. The modified electrode; ZIF-67/SiO2NPs/GONs/GCE, exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of PAR and DIC than the bare GCE, GONs/GCE, SiO2NPs/GONs/GCE and ZIF-67/GCE. Through using differential pulse voltammetry, the individual and simultaneous determination of PAR and DIC were conducted by the ZIF-67/SiO2NPs/GONs/GCE. Under optimal conditions, it has been observed that the calibration plots for PAR and DIC exhibit linearity within the concentration ranges of 0.5-190 (PAR) and 0.5-200 µM (DIC), with detection limits of 0.29 and 0.132 µM for PAR and DIC, respectively. The ZIF-67/SiO2NPs/GONs/GCE shows commendable stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, and the proposed method is evaluated by individual and simultaneous determination of PAR and DIC in real samples with satisfactory results (recovery > 97%).

Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for the Pharmaceutical Field: State of the Art and Perspectives

The current international pharmaceutical scenario encompasses several steps in drug production, with complex and extremely long procedures. In the last few decades, scientific research has been trying to offer valid and reliable solutions to replace or support conventional techniques, in order to facilitate drug development procedures. These innovative approaches may have extremely positive effects in the production chain, supplying fast, and cost-effective quality as well as safety tests on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their excipients. In this context, the exploitation of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) is still in its infancy, but is particularly promising in the detection of APIs and excipients in tablets, capsules, suppositories, and injections, as well as for pharmacokinetic bioanalysis in real samples.

Voltammetric Evaluation of Diclofenac Tablets Samples through Carbon Black-Based Electrodes

Diclofenac (DIC) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of wide use around the world. Electroanalytical methods display a high analytical potential for application in pharmaceutical samples but the drawbacks concerning electrode fouling and reproducibility are of major concern. Henceforth, the aim of this work was to propose the use of alternative low-cost carbon black (CB) and ionic liquid (IL) matrix to modify the surface of pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) in order to quantify DIC in raw materials, intermediates, and final products, as well as in stability assays of tablets. The proposed method using CB+IL/PGE displayed good recovery (99.4%) as well as limits of detection (LOD) of 0.08 µmol L-1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.28 µmol L-1. CB+IL/PGE response was five times greater than the unmodified PGE. CB+IL-PGE stands as an interesting alternative for DIC assessment in different pharmaceutical samples.

Sensing of diclofenac by a porphyrin-based artificial receptor

The synthesis of a porphyrin chemosensor is here reported as well as its sensing activity in detecting the emerging pollutant diclofenac with an overall 1 : 1 binding constant of about 10⁵ M⁻¹.