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Luo Z, Yan Y, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Villamena FA, Xiao R, Vione D. Environmental implications of superoxide radicals: From natural processes to engineering applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122023. [PMID: 38991243 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The roles of superoxide radical (O2•-) in the domains of physiological, physical, and material chemistry are becoming increasingly recognized. Although extensive efforts have been directed to understand O2•- functions in diverse aquatic systems, there is a lack of systematic and in-depth review for its kinetics and mechanisms in various environmental scenarios. This review aims to bridge this gap through discussion of O2•- generation pathways under both natural and controlled conditions. The merits and limitations of the generation and detection methods under various conditions are compared, with emphasis on different approaches for the determination of O2•--triggered reaction kinetics. We summarize the reaction rate constants of O2•- with organic contaminants covering a wide diversity of structures and reactivity. The comparison indicates that O2•- exhibits weak reactivity with most contaminants and lacks selectivity towards compounds with different functional groups, except with quinones which exhibit higher reactivity compared to non-quinones. Further, the reaction mechanisms, namely single electron transfer, nucleophilic substitution, hydrogen atom abstraction, and radical-adduct formation, are critically evaluated. Various environmental implications of O2•- are highlighted including maintenance of biogeochemical iron cycle, synthesis of nanoparticles for antibacterial purposes, desorption of contaminants from heterogeneous interfaces, and synergetic degradation of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Luo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Cardoso MA, Gonçalves HMR, Davis F. Reactive oxygen species in biological media are they friend or foe? Major In vivo and In vitro sensing challenges. Talanta 2023; 260:124648. [PMID: 37167678 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on biological media has been shifting over the years, as the knowledge on the complex mechanism that lies in underneath their production and overall results has been growing. It has been known for some time that these species are associated with a number of health conditions. However, they also participate in the immunoactivation cascade process, and can have an active role in theranostics. Macrophages, for example, react to the presence of pathogens through ROS production, potentially allowing the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, their short lifetime and limited spatial distribution of ROS have been limiting factors to the development and understanding of this phenomenon. Even though, ROS have shown successful theranostic applications, e.g., photodynamic therapy, their wide applicability has been hampered by the lack of effective tools for monitoring these processes in real time. Thus the development of innovative sensing strategies for in vivo monitoring of the balance between ROS concentration and the resultant immune response is of the utmost relevance. Such knowledge could lead to major breakthroughs towards the development of more effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Within this review we will present the current understanding on the interaction mechanisms of ROS with biological systems and their overall effect. Additionally, the most promising sensing tools developed so far, for both in vivo and in vitro tracking will be presented along with their main limitations and advantages. This review focuses on the four main ROS that have been studied these are: singlet oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita A Cardoso
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena M R Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Biosensor NTech - Nanotechnology Services, Lda, Avenida da Liberdade, 249, 1° Andar, 1250-143, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Frank Davis
- Department of Engineering and Applied Design University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO21 1HR, UK
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Role of anion size in the electrochemical performance of a Poly(thionine) redox conductive polymer using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.
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Olean-Oliveira A, Oliveira Brito GA, Teixeira MFS. Mechanism of Nanocomposite Formation in the Layer-by-Layer Single-Step Electropolymerization of π-Conjugated Azopolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25954-25967. [PMID: 33073122 PMCID: PMC7557956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a study of the formation mechanism of electrochemically deposited alternating layers of azopolymer and graphene oxide, as well as a systematic study of the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite films by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films were constructed by cyclic electropolymerization, which allowed for the assembly of thin films with alternating azopolymers and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers in one step. Morphological characterizations were performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and verified that the electrodeposition of the poly(azo-BBY) polymeric film occurred during the anodic sweep, and the deposition of graphene oxide sheets took place during the cathodic sweep. By analyzing the electrochemical impedance spectra using equivalent circuit models, variations in the resistance and capacitance values of the system were monitored as a function of the amount of electrodeposited material on the fluorine doped tin oxide electrode. In addition, the interfacial phenomena that occurred during the electroreduction of the rGO sheets were monitored with the same method.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Olean-Oliveira
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito
- Department
of Chemistry, Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais 38302-402, Brazil
| | - Marcos F. S. Teixeira
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
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Martin CS, Olean-Oliveira A, Teixeira MF. A new polymeric thin film by using electropolymerization: thin film of poly(phenazine-salen) obtained from 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)] -bis[4-amino-phenol]. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pacheco JC, Olean‐Oliveira A, Teixeira MFS. Understanding the Performance of a Nanocomposite Based on a Conjugated Azo‐Polymer and Reduced Graphene Oxide with Photoelectrically Switchable Properties by Analyzing the Potential Profile during Photocurrent Generation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Crivelaro Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Science and Technology – Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Rua Roberto Simonsen 305 Presidente Prudente SP 19060‐900 Brazil
| | - André Olean‐Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Science and Technology – Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Rua Roberto Simonsen 305 Presidente Prudente SP 19060‐900 Brazil
| | - Marcos F. S. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Science and Technology – Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Rua Roberto Simonsen 305 Presidente Prudente SP 19060‐900 Brazil
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