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O'Bryan SJ, Hiam D, Lamon S. Single-session measures of quadriceps neuromuscular function are reliable in healthy females and unaffected by age. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1719-1732. [PMID: 38189826 PMCID: PMC11130065 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the inter-session reliability of quadriceps neuromuscular function measurements in healthy young and older females. METHODS Twenty-six females aged 19-74 years completed two identical experimental sessions on different days. Quadriceps neuromuscular function measurements included isometric maximal voluntary force, high- and low-frequency twitch force, voluntary and evoked (H-reflex, M-wave) electromyography (EMG), and estimated maximal torque, velocity and power derived from torque-velocity relationships. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation (CoV) and Bland-Altman plots assessed inter-session reliability. The effect of age on reliability was assessed by linear regression. RESULTS Excellent reliability (ICC > 0.8) was shown for all voluntary and evoked mechanical outcomes. Vastus lateralis EMG outcomes showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.8) with CoVs < 12%, which were better than those of vastus medialis and rectus femoris. Age was not associated with reliability for 27/28 outcomes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Excellent reliability of voluntary and evoked force and vastus lateralis EMG outcomes measured in healthy females can be attained in one experimental session, irrespective of age. Female neuromuscular function can be accurately assessed across the lifespan with minimal inconvenience, increasing feasibility for future research. The random error should however be considered when quantifying age-related differences in neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J O'Bryan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Brown F, Hill M, Renshaw D, Pedlar C, Hill J, Tallis J. Test–retest reliability of muscular performance tests and compression garment interface pressure measurements: a comparison between consecutive and multiple day recovery. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-022-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Stotz A, Maghames E, Mason J, Groll A, Zech A. Maximum isometric torque at individually-adjusted joint angles exceeds eccentric and concentric torque in lower extremity joint actions. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:13. [PMID: 35063013 PMCID: PMC8783437 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research indicates the high relevance of optimal joint angles for individual isometric strength assessment. The objective was to compare lower limb peak isometric muscle strength abilities at the strongest joint angles with those of dynamic contractions in healthy young adults. Methods Eighteen young male adults performed maximum concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions of the ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors, and hip adductors and abductors in a randomized sequence on an isokinetic dynamometer (ISOMED 2000). Angular velocity was set at 60°/s. The peak of concentric contraction torque curves was used to define optimal joint angles best suited to generate maximum torque during isometric contractions. Maximum voluntary contraction torque of all contraction conditions was adjusted for limb weight and analyzed via a generalized linear mixed gamma regression model (GLMM). Results The gamma GLMM revealed strongly significant effects for all three categorical covariates (contraction types, muscle group, and test order) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$p < 2 \times 10^{ - 16}$$\end{document}p<2×10-16). Eccentric contraction increases the muscle torque (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{\beta }_{k} = 0.147$$\end{document}β^k=0.147) compared to concentric contraction, and isometric contraction even more (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{\beta }_{k} = 0.258$$\end{document}β^k=0.258). A moderate individual-specific variation was found (random effects standard deviation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sigma_{b} = 0.093$$\end{document}σb=0.093). Conclusion The results support the importance of optimal joint angles for isometric maximum strength assessment. When such conditions are given, isometric contractions can produce higher muscle torques than eccentric contractions in the lower body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stotz
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ebrahem Maghames
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Joel Mason
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Groll
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
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Correlation Analysis of Lower-Limb Muscle Function With Clinical Status, Balance Tests, and Quality of Life in People With Parkinson Disease. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Minoshima Y, Nishimura Y, Tsuboi H, Sato H, Ogawa T, Kamijo YI, Umezu Y, Tajima F. Differences in Muscle Fatigability of Vastus Medialis between Sexes Using Surface Electromyographic Power Spectral Analysis in Healthy Adults. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220051. [PMID: 36188139 PMCID: PMC9475374 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: With a relatively high percentage of type I fibers in the vastus medialis (VM), its
fatigability may be more sensitive to the effects of muscle activity in the quadriceps.
However, sex-related differences in the muscle fatigability of the VM remain unknown.
The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences in fatigability of the VM
between healthy adult men and women. Methods: Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities of VM oblique (VMO) and VM long (VML) were
recorded during sustained isometric contraction on a leg press machine. The results of
EMG power spectral analysis were compared between healthy adult men and women. The
decline in the median frequency (MF), defined as MF slope, was calculated using spectrum
analysis after fast Fourier transform of the raw EMG signals of VMO and VML. Results: The endurance time and the MF slopes of the VMO and VML were significantly longer and
lower, respectively, in women than in men. The present results demonstrated that both
VMO and VML are more fatigue-resistant in women than in men. Conclusions: Understanding the sex differences in fatigability could help to design more effective
exercise regimens for VMO and VML in healthy individuals. A similar approach should be
considered when prescribing practical exercise regimens for patients with muscle
atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Minoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Nishimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuboi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Konan Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Chuzan Hospital Clinical Education and Research Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umezu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kokura Rehabilitation Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Rakshit R, Xiang Y, Yang J. Functional muscle group- and sex-specific parameters for a three-compartment controller muscle fatigue model applied to isometric contractions. J Biomech 2021; 127:110695. [PMID: 34454329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The three-compartment controller with enhanced recovery (3CC-r) model of muscle fatigue has previously been validated separately for both sustained (SIC) and intermittent isometric contractions (IIC) using different objective functions, but its performance has not yet been tested against both contraction types simultaneously using a common objective function. Additionally, prior validation has been performed using common parameters at the joint level, whereas applications to many real-world tasks will require the model to be applied to agonistic and synergistic muscle groups. Lastly, parameters for the model have previously been derived for a mixed-sex cohort not considering the differece in fatigabilities between the sexes. In this work we validate the 3CC-r model using a comprehensive isometric contraction database drawn from 172 publications segregated by functional muscle group (FMG) and sex. We find that prediction errors are reduced by 19% on average when segregating the dataset by FMG alone, and by 34% when segregating by both sex and FMG. However, minimum prediction errors are found to be higher when validated against both SIC and IIC data together using torque decline as the outcome variable than when validated sequentially against hypothesized SIC intensity-endurance time curves with endurance time as the outcome variable and against raw IIC data with torque decline as the outcome variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Rakshit
- Human-Centric Design Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yujiang Xiang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - James Yang
- Human-Centric Design Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Sato H, Nishimura Y, Tsuboi H, Minoshima Y, Sakata T, Umezu Y, Tajima F. Differences in fatigability of vastus medialis muscle between patients with limb symmetry index of <90% and ≥90% after chronic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 2021; 31:39-45. [PMID: 34111800 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limb symmetry index (LSI) of ≥90% for the quadriceps is recommended for return to sports activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there is no information on differences in muscle fatigability between patients with LSI of <90% and ≥90%. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in quadriceps muscle fatigability on the involved side between post-ACLR patients with LSI of <90% and ≥90%. We hypothesized that there were differences between the two groups in muscle fatigability on the involved side reflecting difference in muscle fiber composition in the vastus medialis (VM) muscle. METHODS The study subjects were 18 adult men who had undergone ACLR followed by rehabilitation therapy. LSI was <90% in 10 and ≥90% in 8 adult men. Surface electromyography (EMG) of the VM muscle was recorded during sustained quadriceps muscle isometric contraction. The median frequency (MF) was computed from the raw EMG signal using fast Fourier transform spectrum analysis. The MF slope was also calculated. RESULTS There were no differences in anthropometric characteristics, time since ACLR, anterior tibial translation and peak torque of knee extension on the involved side between the two groups. However, MF slope was significantly lower in the LSI ≥ 90% group than the <90% group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated fatigue-resistant vastus medialis in post-ACLR patients with LSI ≥90% compared to those with LSI <90%. The finding adds support to the use of ≥90% as the cutoff value for LSI for return of post-ACLR patients to sports activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yukihide Nishimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuboi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yuta Minoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitade Hospital, Gobo City, Wakayama 644-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umezu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kokura Rehabilitation Hospital, 1-5-1 Sinozaki Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 803-0861, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
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Reliability of Tibialis Anterior Muscle Voluntary Activation Using the Interpolated Twitch Technique and the Central Activation Ratio in People with Stroke. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020176. [PMID: 33535411 PMCID: PMC7912757 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary activation (VA) is measured by applying supramaximal electrical stimulation to a muscle during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The amplitude of the evoked muscle twitch is used to determine any VA deficit, and indicates incomplete central neural drive to the motor units. People with stroke experience VA deficits and greater levels of central fatigue, which is the decrease in VA that occurs following exercise. This study investigated the between-session reliability of VA and central fatigue of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in people with chronic stroke (n = 12), using the interpolated twitch technique (ITT), adjusted-ITT, and central activation ratio (CAR) methods. On two separate sessions, supramaximal electrical stimulation was applied to the TA when it was at rest and maximally activated, at the start and end of a 30-s isometric dorsiflexor MVC. The most reliable measures of VA were obtained using the CAR calculation on transformed data, which produced an ICC of 0.92, and a lower bound confidence interval in the good range (95% CI 0.77 to 0.98). Reliability was lower for the CAR calculation on non-transformed data (ICC 0.82, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.91) and the ITT and adjusted-ITT calculations on transformed data (ICCs 0.82, 95% CIs 0.51 to 0.94), which had lower bound confidence intervals in the moderate range. The two ITT calculations on non-transformed data demonstrated the poorest reliability (ICCs 0.62, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.74). Central fatigue measures demonstrated very poor reliability. Thus, the reliability for VA in people with chronic stroke ranged from good to poor, depending on the calculation method and statistical analysis method, whereas the reliability for central fatigue was very poor.
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Frykholm E, Géphine S, Saey D, van Hees H, Lemson A, Klijn P, Maltais F, Nyberg A. Inter-day test-retest reliability and feasibility of isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic measurements to assess quadriceps endurance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multicenter study. Chron Respir Dis 2020; 16:1479973118816497. [PMID: 30789016 PMCID: PMC6302975 DOI: 10.1177/1479973118816497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims were to determine reliability and feasibility of measurements to assess quadriceps endurance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sixty participants (forced expiratory volume in one second (mean ± standard deviation) 55 ± 18% of predicted, age 67 ± 8 years) were tested in an inter-day, test-retest design. Isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic protocols were performed using a computerized dynamometer. Test-retest relative and absolute reliability was determined via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV%), and limits of agreement (LoA%). Isokinetic total work demonstrated very high relative reliability (ICC: [95% confidence interval] = 0.98 [0.94-0.99]) and the best absolute reliability (CV% (LoA%) = 6.5% (18.0%)). Isokinetic fatigue index, isometric, and isotonic measures demonstrated low-to-high relative reliability (ICC = 0.64 [0.46-0.77], 0.88 [0.76-0.94], 0.91 [0.85-0.94]), and measures of absolute reliability (CV% (LoA%)) were 20.3% (56.4%), 14.9% (40.8%), and 15.8% (43.1%). For isokinetic total work and isometric measurements, participants performed better on retest (4.8% and 10.0%, respectively). The feasibility was similar across protocols with an average time consumption of less than 7.5 minutes. In conclusion, isokinetic, isometric, and isotonic measurements of quadriceps endurance were feasible to a similar extent and presented low-to-very high relative reliability. Absolute reliability seems to favor isokinetic total work measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Frykholm
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of
Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Erik Frykholm, Department of Community
Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå 901
87, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Géphine
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of
medicine, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of
medicine, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Hieronymus van Hees
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center,
Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Lemson
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center,
Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Klijn
- Department of Pulmonology, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Centre Merem,
Hilversum, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - François Maltais
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of
medicine, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada
| | - André Nyberg
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of
Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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No Relationship Between Preoperative and Early Postoperative Strength After ACL Reconstruction. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:583-587. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: All rehabilitative programs before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery, which are focused on recovery of proprioception and muscular strength, are defined as prehabilitation. While it has shown that prehabilitation positively affects the overall outcome after ACL reconstruction, it is still controversial whether preoperatively enhancing quadriceps strength has some beneficial effect on postoperative strength, mainly during the first period. Objective: To determine whether there is any relationship between preoperative and early postoperative quadriceps strength. Design: Case control. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Fifty-nine males (18–33 y; age: 23.69 [0.71] y) who underwent ACL reconstruction with patellar-tendon autograft were examined the day before surgery, and at 60 and 90 days after surgery. Main Outcome Measures: The limb symmetry index (LSI) was quantified for maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensor muscles and of the knee flexor muscles at 90° joint angle. A k-means analysis was performed on either quadriceps or hamstrings LSI before surgery to classify the patients in high and low preoperative LSI clusters. Differences in postoperative LSI were then evaluated between the high and low preoperative LSI clusters. Results: Following surgery, there were no differences in the quadriceps LSI between patients with high and low preoperative quadriceps LSI. Sixty days after surgery, the hamstrings LSI was higher in patients with high than low preoperative hamstrings LSI (84.0 [13.0]% vs 75.4 [15.9]%; P < .05). Conclusions: Findings suggest that quadriceps strength deficit is related to the ACL injury and increases further after the reconstruction without any correlation between the preoperative and postoperative values. Therefore, it appears that there is no need to delay surgery in order to increase the preoperative quadriceps strength before surgery.
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Behrens M, Zschorlich V, Mittlmeier T, Bruhn S, Husmann F. Ischemic Preconditioning Did Not Affect Central and Peripheral Factors of Performance Fatigability After Submaximal Isometric Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32411014 PMCID: PMC7199714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide further insight into the mechanistic basis for the improved exercise tolerance following ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by investigating key-determinants of performance and perceived fatigability. Using a randomized, counterbalanced, single-blind, sham-controlled, crossover design, 16 males performed an isometric time-to-exhaustion test with the knee extensors at 20% maximal voluntary torque (MVT) after an IPC and a sham treatment (SHAM). Those who improved their time-to-exhaustion following IPC performed a time-matched IPC trial corresponding to the exercise duration of SHAM (IPCtm). Neuromuscular function was assessed before and after exercise termination during each condition (IPC, IPCtm, and SHAM) to analyze the impact of IPC on performance fatigability and its central and peripheral determinants. Muscle oxygenation (SmO2), muscle activity, and perceptual responses (effort and muscle pain) were recorded during exercise. Performance fatigability as well as its central and peripheral determinants were quantified as percentage pre-post changes in MVT (ΔMVT) as well as voluntary activation (ΔVA) and quadriceps twitch torque evoked by paired electrical stimuli at 100 and 10 Hz (ΔPS100 and ΔPS10⋅PS100-1 ratio), respectively. Time-to-exhaustion, performance fatigability, its determinants, muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during exercise were not different between IPC and SHAM. However, six participants improved their performance by >10% following IPC (299 ± 71 s) compared to SHAM (253 ± 66 s, d = 3.23). The time-matched comparisons (IPCtm vs. SHAM) indicated that performance fatigability, its determinants, and SmO2 were not affected, while effort perception seemed to be lower (ηp 2 = 0.495) in those who improved their time-to-exhaustion. The longer time-to-exhaustion following IPC seemed to be associated with a lower effort perception (ηp 2 = 0.380) and larger impairments in neuromuscular function, i.e., larger ΔMVT, ΔVA, and ΔPS10⋅PS100-1 ratio (d = 0.71, 1.0, 0.92, respectively). IPC did neither affect exercise tolerance, performance fatigability, as well as its central and peripheral determinants, nor muscle activity, SmO2, and perceptual responses during submaximal isometric exercise. However, IPC seemed to have an ergogenic effect in a few subjects, which might have resulted from a lower effort perception during exercise. These findings support the assumption that there are 'responders' and 'non-responders' to IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Behrens
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Husmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Nuzzo JL, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. CORP: Measurement of upper and lower limb muscle strength and voluntary activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:513-543. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00569.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength, the maximal force-generating capacity of a muscle or group of muscles, is regularly assessed in physiological experiments and clinical trials. An understanding of the expected variation in strength and the factors that contribute to this variation is important when designing experiments, describing methodologies, interpreting results, and attempting to replicate methods of others and reproduce their findings. In this review (Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology), we report on the intra- and inter-rater reliability of tests of upper and lower limb muscle strength and voluntary activation in humans. Isometric, isokinetic, and isoinertial strength exhibit good intra-rater reliability in most samples (correlation coefficients ≥0.90). However, some tests of isoinertial strength exhibit systematic bias that is not resolved by familiarization. With the exception of grip strength, few attempts have been made to examine inter-rater reliability of tests of muscle strength. The acute factors most likely to affect muscle strength and serve as a source of its variation from trial-to-trial or day-to-day include attentional focus, breathing technique, remote muscle contractions, rest periods, temperature (core, muscle), time of day, visual feedback, body and limb posture, body stabilization, acute caffeine consumption, dehydration, pain, fatigue from preceding exercise, and static stretching >60 s. Voluntary activation, the nervous system’s ability to drive a muscle to create its maximal force, exhibits good intra-rater reliability when examined with twitch interpolation (correlation coefficients >0.80). However, inter-rater reliability has not been formally examined. The methodological factors most likely to influence voluntary activation are myograph compliance and sensitivity; stimulation location, intensity, and inadvertent stimulation of antagonists; joint angle (muscle length); and the resting twitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Nuzzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet L. Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon C. Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Minoshima Y, Nishimura Y, Tsuboi H, Satou H, Kamijo YI, Arakawa H, Umezu Y, Tajima F. Reliability of Power Spectral Analysis of Surface Electromyogram Recorded during Sustained Vastus Medialis Isometric Contraction in Assessment of Muscle Fatigability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ojtr.2017.52005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Macedo CDSG, Vicente RC, Cesário MD, Guirro RRDJ. Cold-water immersion alters muscle recruitment and balance of basketball players during vertical jump landing. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:348-57. [PMID: 26058795 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1054861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion on the electromyographic (EMG) response of the lower limb and balance during unipodal jump landing. The evaluation comprised 40 individuals (20 basketball players and 20 non-athletes). The EMG response in the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus, rectus femoris, hamstring and gluteus medius; amplitude and mean speed of the centre of pressure, flight time and ground reaction force (GRF) were analysed. All volunteers remained for 20 min with their ankle immersed in cold-water, and were re-evaluated immediately post and after 10, 20 and 30 min of reheating. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman test and Dunn's post test (P < 0.05) were used. The EMG response values decreased for the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus and rectus femoris of both athletes and non-athletes (P < 0.05). The comparison between the groups showed that the EMG response was lower for the athletes. Lower jump flight time and GRF, greater amplitude and mean speed of centre of pressure were predominant in the athletes. Cold-water immersion decreased the EMG activity of the lower limb, flight time and GRF and increased the amplitude and mean speed of centre of pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane de Souza Guerino Macedo
- a Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rafael Chagas Vicente
- a Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mauricio Donini Cesário
- a Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro
- a Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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Katsavelis D, Threlkeld AJ. Quantifying thigh muscle co-activation during isometric knee extension contractions: within- and between-session reliability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:502-7. [PMID: 24794866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle co-activation around the knee is important during ambulation and balance. The wide range of methodological approaches for the quantification of co-activation index (CI) makes comparisons across studies and populations difficult. The present study determined within- and between-session reliability of different methodological approaches for the quantification of the CI of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Eight healthy volunteers participated in two repeated testing sessions. A series of knee extension MVICs of the dominant leg with concomitant torque and electromyographic (EMG) recordings were captured. CI was calculated utilizing different analytical approaches. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that within-session measures displayed higher reliability (ICC>0.861) and lower variability (Coefficient of variation; CV<21.8%) than between-session measures (ICC<0.645; CV>24.2%). A selection of a 500ms or larger window of RMS EMG activity around the PT delivered more reliable and less variable results than other approaches. Our findings suggest that the CI can provide a reliable measure for comparisons among conditions and is best utilized for within-session experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Katsavelis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - A Joseph Threlkeld
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.
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Corticospinal tract integrity correlates with knee extensor weakness in chronic stroke survivors. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:1588-94. [PMID: 21333591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle weakness develops rapidly after stroke, adversely affecting motor performance, and contributing to reduced functional ability. While the contributions of structural and functional alterations in skeletal muscle to post-stroke weakness have been well described, the relationship between motor pathway integrity, measured using both radiological and electrophysiological techniques, and post-stroke muscle weakness is not clear. This study sought to determine the role of corticospinal tract (CST) integrity on knee extensor weakness in chronic stroke survivors. METHODS Knee extensor strength and activation testing were performed at 90° of knee flexion using an interpolated triplet technique. CST integrity was evaluated using data obtained from Diffusion Tensor Imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. RESULTS Recordings in nine stroke subjects indicated substantial knee extensor weakness and activation deficits in the paretic legs of the stroke survivors. Regression analysis revealed that asymmetry in CST integrity was strongly related to between-leg differences in knee strength. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest a strong link between CST integrity and lower extremity strength, and add to the growing evidence of substantial knee extensor weakness and activation impairments in stroke survivors. SIGNIFICANCE The findings from this study further our understanding of the anatomical and neurophysiological contributions to motor impairments after stroke, which may benefit clinicians and researchers in the field of stroke rehabilitation.
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Law LAF, Avin KG. Endurance time is joint-specific: a modelling and meta-analysis investigation. ERGONOMICS 2010; 53:109-29. [PMID: 20069487 PMCID: PMC2891087 DOI: 10.1080/00140130903389068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Static task intensity-endurance time (ET) relationships (e.g. Rohmert's curve) were first reported decades ago. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare experimentally-observed ETs across bodily regions has not been reported. We performed a systematic literature review of ETs for static contractions, developed joint-specific power and exponential models of the intensity-ET relationships, and compared these models between each joint (ankle, trunk, hand/grip, elbow, knee, and shoulder) and the pooled data (generalised curve). 194 publications were found, representing a total of 369 data points. The power model provided the best fit to the experimental data. Significant intensity-dependent ET differences were predicted between each pair of joints. Overall, the ankle was most fatigue-resistant, followed by the trunk, hand/grip, elbow, knee and finally the shoulder was most fatigable. We conclude ET varies systematically between joints, in some cases with large effect sizes. Thus, a single generalised ET model does not adequately represent fatigue across joints. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Rohmert curves have been used in ergonomic analyses of fatigue, as there are limited tools available to accurately predict force decrements. This study provides updated endurance time-intensity curves using a large meta-analysis of fatigue data. Specific models derived for five distinct joint regions should further increase prediction accuracy.
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Almosnino S, Pelland L, Pedlow SV, Stevenson JM. Between-day reliability of electromechanical delay of selected neck muscles during performance of maximal isometric efforts. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2009; 1:22. [PMID: 19775461 PMCID: PMC2764695 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2555-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the between-day reliability of the electromechanical delay (EMD) of selected neck muscles during the performance of maximal isometric contractions in five different directions. Methods Twenty-one physically active males participated in two testing sessions separated by seven to eight days. Using a custom-made fixed frame dynamometer, cervical force and surface electromyography (EMG) were recorded bilaterally from the splenius capitis, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles during the performance of efforts in extension, flexion, left and right lateral bending, and protraction. The EMD was extracted using the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator. Reliability indices calculated for each muscle in each testing direction were: the difference in scores between the two testing sessions and corresponding 95% confidence intervals, the standard error of measurement (SEM) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results EMD values showed no evidence of systematic difference between the two testing sessions across all muscles and testing directions. The SEM for extension, flexion and lateral bending efforts ranged between 2.5 ms to 4.8 ms, indicating a good level of measurement precision. For protraction, SEM values were higher and considered to be imprecise for research and clinical purposes. ICC values for all muscles across all testing directions ranged from 0.23 to 0.79. Conclusion EMD of selected neck muscles can be measured with sufficient precision for the assessment of neck muscle function in an athletic population in the majority of directions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Almosnino
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Longitudinal changes of neuromuscular quadriceps function after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e318193bfc7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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