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Yang S, Wang M, Wang W, Zhang X, Han Q, Wang H, Xiong Q, Zhang C, Wang M. Establishing an emission inventory for ammonia, a key driver of haze formation in the southern North China plain during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166857. [PMID: 37678532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant reduction in atmospheric pollutant levels during the COVID-19 lockdown, the presence of haze in the North China Plain remained a frequent occurrence owing to the enhanced formation of secondary inorganic aerosols under ammonia-rich conditions. Quantifying the increase or decrease in atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions is a key step in exploring the causes of the COVID-19 haze. Historic activity levels of anthropogenic NH3 emissions were collected through various yearbooks and studies, an anthropogenic NH3 emission inventory for Henan Province for 2020 was established, and the variations in NH3 emissions from different sources between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 years were investigated. The validity of the NH3 emission inventory was further evaluated through comparison with previous studies and uncertainty analysis from Monte Carlo simulations. Results showed that the total NH3 emissions gradually increased from north-west to south-east, totalling 751.80 kt in 2020. Compared to the non-COVID-19 year of 2019, the total NH3 emissions were reduced by approximately 4 %, with traffic sources, waste disposal and biomass burning serving as the sources with the top three largest reductions, approximately 33 %, 9.97 % and 6.19 %, respectively. Emissions from humans and fuel combustion slightly increased. Meanwhile, livestock waste emissions decreased by only 3.72 %, and other agricultural emissions experienced insignificant change. Non-agricultural sources were more severely influenced by the COVID-19 lockdown than agricultural sources; nevertheless, agricultural activities contributed 84.35 % of the total NH3 emissions in 2020. These results show that haze treatment should be focused on reducing NH3, particularly controlling agricultural NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Mingya Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Qiao Han
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Jincheng Ecological Environment Bureau, Jincheng 048000, China
| | - Qinqing Xiong
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.
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Alary V, Aboul-Naga A, Osman MA, Daoud I, Vayssières J. The Contribution of Mobile Pastoral Herds to Soil Fertility Maintenance in Sedentary Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems at Farm and Territory Scales—Part of Mutually Reinforcing Social and Ecological Relationships Supporting Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural development through settlement schemes on desert lands has always raised acute debates, especially over environmental issues due to cultivation based on intensive additions of water and fertilizers. However, nutrient cycling approaches at the farm level are generally based on apparent N flows, i.e., purchased inputs and sold products, without considering nutrient flows driven by mobile herds crossing the arable lands of sedentary farmers. Through a territory level approach, the present study aimed to assess the contribution of mobile pastoral herds located in the newly reclaimed land on the western desert edge of the Nile Delta on the supply of the manure for local sedentary farms. Based on a survey of 175 farmers, we calculated the partial farm nitrogen balances. Supplemental interviews were conducted with the pastoral community to assess the additional manure coming from grazing practices in the research area. The results show that the sedentary mixed crop-livestock systems based on the planting of Trifolium alexandrinum and a manure supply make a useful contribution toward converting poor, marginal soil into fertile soil. Moreover, grazing of crop residue by pastoral herds on the reclaimed land contributes to social sustainability by maintaining social links between the first occupants, the Bedouins, and the new settlers. Grazing accounts for 9% to 34% of farm-level N input and 25% to 64% of farm-level N output depending on the village and the cropping system. This contribution calls for different rural policies that consider the complementarity between pastoral herders and sedentary farmers that supports both systems' social and environmental sustainability.
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Ramanantenasoa MMJ, Génermont S, Gilliot JM, Bedos C, Makowski D. Meta-modeling methods for estimating ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizer and manure applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:195-205. [PMID: 30731243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimations of ammonia (NH3) emissions due to nitrogen (N) fertilization are required to identify efficient mitigation techniques and improve agricultural practices. Process-based models such as Volt'Air can be used for this purpose because they incorporate the effects of several key factors influencing NH3 volatilization at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. However, these models require a large number of input variables and their implementation on a large scale requires long computation times that may restrict their use by public environmental agencies. In this study, we assess the capabilities of various types of meta-models to emulate the complex process-based Volt'Air for estimating NH3 emission rates from N fertilizer and manure applications. Meta-models were developed for three types of fertilizer (N solution, cattle farmyard manure, and pig slurry) for four major agricultural French regions (Bretagne, Champagne-Ardenne, Ile-de-France, and Rhône-Alpes) and at the national (France) scale. The meta-models were developed from 106,092 NH3 emissions simulated by Volt'Air in France. Their performances were evaluated by cross-validation, and the meta-models providing the best approximation of the original model were selected. The results showed that random forest and ordinary linear regression models were more accurate than generalized additive models, partial least squares regressions, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions. Better approximations of Volt'Air simulations were obtained for cattle farmyard manure (3% < relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) < 8%) than for pig slurry (17% < RRMSEP < 19%) and N solution (21% < RRMSEP < 40%). The selected meta-models included between 6 and 15 input variables related to weather conditions, soil properties and cultural practices. Because of their simplicity and their short computation time, our meta-models offer a promising alternative to process-based models for NH3 emission inventories at both regional and national scales. Our approach could be implemented to emulate other process-based models in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharavo Marie Julie Ramanantenasoa
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de la Ferme, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France; ADEME, 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Sophie Génermont
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de la Ferme, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Gilliot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de la Ferme, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de la Ferme, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - David Makowski
- UMR Agronomie, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France; CIRED, 45bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94130 Nogent-sur-Marne, France
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Ramanantenasoa MMJ, Gilliot JM, Mignolet C, Bedos C, Mathias E, Eglin T, Makowski D, Génermont S. A new framework to estimate spatio-temporal ammonia emissions due to nitrogen fertilization in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:205-219. [PMID: 30021177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In France, agriculture is responsible for 98% of ammonia (NH3) emissions with over 50% caused by nitrogen (N) fertilization. The current French national inventory is based on default emission factors (EF) and does not account for the main variables influencing NH3 emissions. To model the spatio-temporal variability of NH3 emissions due to mineral and organic N fertilization, we implemented a new method named CADASTRE_NH3. The novelty lies in the combined use of two types of resources: the process-based Volt'Air model and geo-referenced and temporally explicit databases for soil properties, meteorological conditions and N fertilization. Simulation units are the Small Agricultural Regions. Several sources of information were combined to obtain N fertilization management: census and surveys of the French Ministry of Agriculture, statistics on commercial fertilizer deliveries, and French expertise on physicochemical properties of organic manure. The practical interest of this new framework was illustrated for France during the crop year 2005/06. Aggregation at crop year level showed a reasonable agreement between estimated values derived from CADASTRE_NH3 and those from the French inventory method, for N and ammoniacal-N (TAN) application rates, total NH3 emissions and NH3 EF. Discrepancies were large for organic manure only; national TAN application rates and NH3 emissions were 62-63% lower with CADASTRE_NH3. This was due to divergences in the representation of cattle farm yard manure and in the TAN:N ratio of solid manure. Annual emissions for fertilization in France were estimated to be 270 Gg NH3, 29% lower than the French national inventory estimate. At the regional level, organic manure contributed to 73% of field NH3 emissions in intensive livestock husbandry areas and to 41% in the other areas. The CADASTRE_NH3 framework can be seen as a Tier 3 approach able to estimate specific regional EF for different mineral fertilizers and organic manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharavo Marie Julie Ramanantenasoa
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France; ADEME 20, Avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gilliot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | | | - Carole Bedos
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | | | - Thomas Eglin
- ADEME 20, Avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - David Makowski
- UMR Agronomie, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Sophie Génermont
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France.
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Brennan RB, Healy MG, Fenton O, Lanigan GJ. The Effect of Chemical Amendments Used for Phosphorus Abatement on Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle Slurry: Synergies and Pollution Swapping. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0111965. [PMID: 26053923 PMCID: PMC4460024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Land application of cattle slurry can result in incidental and chronic phosphorus (P) loss to waterbodies, leading to eutrophication. Chemical amendment of slurry has been proposed as a management practice, allowing slurry nutrients to remain available to plants whilst mitigating P losses in runoff. The effectiveness of amendments is well understood but their impacts on other loss pathways (so-called ‘pollution swapping’ potential) and therefore the feasibility of using such amendments has not been examined to date. The aim of this laboratory scale study was to determine how the chemical amendment of slurry affects losses of NH3, CH4, N2O, and CO2. Alum, FeCl2, Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)- and biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 92, 54, 65 and 77% compared to the slurry control, while lime increased emissions by 114%. Cumulative N2O emissions of cattle slurry increased when amended with alum and FeCl2 by 202% and 154% compared to the slurry only treatment. Lime, PAC and biochar resulted in a reduction of 44, 29 and 63% in cumulative N2O loss compared to the slurry only treatment. Addition of amendments to slurry did not significantly affect soil CO2 release during the study while CH4 emissions followed a similar trend for all of the amended slurries applied, with an initial increase in losses followed by a rapid decrease for the duration of the study. All of the amendments examined reduced the initial peak in CH4 emissions compared to the slurry only treatment. There was no significant effect of slurry amendments on global warming potential (GWP) caused by slurry land application, with the exception of biochar. After considering pollution swapping in conjunction with amendment effectiveness, the amendments recommended for further field study are PAC, alum and lime. This study has also shown that biochar has potential to reduce GHG losses arising from slurry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Brennan
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Rep. of Ireland
| | - Mark G Healy
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Rep. of Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co Wexford, Rep. of Ireland
| | - Gary J Lanigan
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co Wexford, Rep. of Ireland
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Skjøth CA, Hertel O. Ammonia Emissions in Europe. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2012_206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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VanderZaag A, Jayasundara S, Wagner-Riddle C. Strategies to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from land applied manure. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carew R. Ammonia emissions from livestock industries in Canada: feasibility of abatement strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2618-2626. [PMID: 20542610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An updated national ammonia (NH(3)) emissions inventory was employed to study the relationship between NH(3) emissions and livestock industries in Canada. Emissions from animal agriculture accounted for 322kilotonnes (kt) or 64% of Canadian NH(3) emissions in 2002. Cattle and swine accounted for the bulk of livestock emissions. The provinces of Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan accounted for 28.1%, 22.0%, 18.7%, and 13.1% of total livestock emissions, respectively. Emissions from Ontario and Quebec were attributed to the intensive production of dairy, hogs and poultry. Dairy cattle emissions per hectolitre of milk were higher in Ontario and Québec than in other provinces, while swine emissions per livestock unit were higher than either beef or dairy cattle. A review of the abatement literature indicated diet manipulation to improve N efficiency and land spreading methods are very effective techniques to lower NH(3) emissions. Future research is required to evaluate the feasibility of biofilters and feces/urine separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carew
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada VOH1Z0.
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