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McClanahan TR, Azali MK, Kosgei JK. Fish catch responses to Covid-19 disease curfews dependent on compliance, fisheries management, and environmental contexts. MARINE POLICY 2022; 144:105239. [PMID: 35911785 PMCID: PMC9314266 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of small-scale coastal fisheries to pauses in effort and trade are an important test of natural resource management theories with implications for the many challenges of managing common-pool resources. Three Covid-19 curfews provided a natural experiment to evaluate fisheries responses adjacent a marine reserve and in a management system that restricted small-mesh drag nets. Daily catch weights in ten fish landings were compared before and after the curfew period to test the catch-only hypothesis that the curfew would reduce effort and increase catch per unit effort, per area yields, and incomes. Interviews with key informants indicated that fisheries effort and trade were disrupted but less so in the gear-restricted rural district than the more urbanized reserve landing sites. The expected increase in catches and incomes was evident in some sites adjacent the reserve but not the rural gear restricted fisheries. Differences in compliance and effort initiated by the curfew, changes in gear, and various negative environmental conditions are among the explanations for the variable catch responses. Rates of change over longer periods in CPUE were stable among marine reserve adjacent landing sites but declined faster after the curfew in the gear-restricted fisheries. Two landing sites nearest the southern end of the reserve displayed a daily 45 % increase in CPUE, 25-30 % increase in CPUA, and a 45-56 % increase in incomes. Results suggest that recovering stocks will succeed where authorities can achieve compliance, near marine reserves, and fisheries lacking additional environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - M K Azali
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya Marine Program, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - J K Kosgei
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Kenya Marine Program, Mombasa, Kenya
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Silvano RAM, Pereyra PER, Begossi A, Hallwass G. Which fish is this? Fishers know more than 100 fish species in megadiverse tropical rivers. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnobiological studies on folk, common, or popular names that fishers use to identify fish can help improve fisheries monitoring and collaborations between fishers and researchers. This study investigates fishers’ knowledge (recognition, naming, and habitat use) on 115 and 119 fish species, respectively, in the Negro and Tapajos Rivers, two megadiverse rivers in the Brazilian Amazon, and investigates the relationship between such knowledge and fish importance to fisheries, fish abundance, and fish size. We also compared fishers’ perceptions on fisheries and fish abundance with literature data on fish harvests and fish sampling. We interviewed 16 fishers in 16 communities (one fisher per community, 8 communities along each river). These fishers recognized an average of 91 ± 10.4 species in the Negro River and 115 ± 7.2 species in the Tapajos River, but all fishers recognized 114 species in Negro and all species in Tapajos. The fishers’ knowledge of fish species was positively related to fishers’ perceptions on fish abundance, size, and importance to fisheries in the Negro, but only positively related to fish size in the Tapajos. Our results highlight the usefulness of fishers’ knowledge to providing data on use and cultural relevance of fish species in high diversity aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato A. M. Silvano
- Departamento de Ecologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia – IB, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Fisheries and Food Institute – FIFO , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula E. R. Pereyra
- Departamento de Ecologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia – IB, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alpina Begossi
- Fisheries and Food Institute – FIFO , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação – NEPA, CAPESCA, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil and PG Unisanta, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Hallwass
- Fisheries and Food Institute – FIFO , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Pará, Brazil
- Current address: Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ferreira RP, Lopes PFM, Campos-Silva JV, Silvano RAM, Begossi A. The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239188. [PMID: 34133557 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian livelihoods are largely dependent on rivers, with local protein consumption mainly relying on several species of fish. The UJER (Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve - Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá) is located in the state of Acre, bordering Peru and several indigenous areas. Here we summarize the data we collected in 1993/1994 on the population living along the banks of the Juruá, Tejo, Bagé, Igarapé São João and Breu rivers on crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and use of game and fish resources. We interviewed 133 individuals (94 on the Juruá and Tejo, 16 on Bagé, 16 on Igarapé São João and 7 on Breu rivers). Our results include a comprehensive description on local livelihoods, including the most important fish species for local subsistence considering gender and seasonality, the main husbandry and game species, and the items cultivated on the local agriculture. Whenever more recent information was available in the literature, we compared changes in livelihoods over time in the same region and also with the recent patterns observed in the Lower and in the Middle Juruá River. We hope to provide useful information to understand temporal changes in local livelihoods, which can help adapt and shape the ecological management in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ferreira
- Graduate Program/Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - P F M Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, Fisheries management, Ecology and Economics Group, Natal, RN, Brasil.,Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J V Campos-Silva
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway.,Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - R A M Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Ecologia e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - IB, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - A Begossi
- Graduate Program/Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Programa de Capacitação de Pescadores - CAPESCA, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação - NEPA, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Participatory Research with Fishers to Improve Knowledge on Small-Scale Fisheries in Tropical Rivers. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater small-scale fisheries sustain millions of livelihoods worldwide, but a lack of monitoring makes it difficult to check the sustainability of these fisheries. We aim to compare and describe participatory research methods used in studies with fishers in the Tapajos River, a poorly known tropical river in the Brazilian Amazon. We address three interview approaches, two ways to do fisheries monitoring and two approaches for georeferenced mapping based on fishers’ knowledge, which can provide data about at least 16 topics related to fisheries. We highlight major advantages and shortcomings of these methods and illustrate their potential with examples of results on fisheries and fish biology of Peacock bass (Cichla spp. tucunaré in Brazil), an important commercial fish in the Brazilian Amazon. The interviews, participatory monitoring and mapping revealed which fish are more valued by local communities, how fish abundance and sizes varied over time, when fish are more often caught and show reproductive activity, and which sites or habitats fish need to reproduce. In addition to providing useful data from many sites in a cost-effective way, participatory methods can bring the additional benefit of including local stakeholders in the monitoring, management, and research activities.
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Hallwass G, Schiavetti A, Silvano RAM. Fishers’ knowledge indicates temporal changes in composition and abundance of fishing resources in Amazon protected areas. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hallwass
- Federal University of Western Pará Oriximiná Brazil
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
| | - A. Schiavetti
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas (LECAP) Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC) Ilhéus Brazil
- Investigador Asociado do CESIMAR CENPAT Chubut Argentina
| | - R. A. M. Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
- Departament of Ecology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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Abstract
AbstractProtected areas are one of the main tools for biological conservation worldwide. Although they have contributed to an increase in fish abundance and alleviated the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems, the impacts of fishing and of protected areas in freshwater ecosystems are less well known. We compared fishing productivity and fish assemblage descriptors of two distinct protected areas designated for sustainable use of natural resources and an unprotected area in the Tapajós River, in the Brazilian Amazon. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) fishers from protected areas have higher catch per unit effort than those from unprotected areas; and (2) fish assemblages in protected areas have higher biomass, abundance, presence of target species, species richness, fish size and mean trophic level than those in unprotected areas. A total of 2,013 fish landings were recorded and two surveys were undertaken to sample fishes. Eleven environmental parameters were quantified to distinguish between effects of environmental heterogeneity and protected areas. The catch per unit effort of fishers was higher within protected areas than in unprotected areas, suggesting that protected areas reduce the levels of fishing pressure and increase fishing productivity. However, the fish assemblage descriptors were correlated more with environmental variables than with protected areas, indicating a relatively weak effect of protected areas on fish communities in lakes. The results highlight the importance of considering the influence of environmental heterogeneity in fish conservation programmes, and the positive effect of protected areas on fishing productivity in freshwater environments.
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Silvano RAM, Hallwass G, Lopes PF, Ribeiro AR, Lima RP, Hasenack H, Juras AA, Begossi A. Co-management and Spatial Features Contribute to Secure Fish Abundance and Fishing Yields in Tropical Floodplain Lakes. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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