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Haupert LM, Garcia-Bakarich LM, Sojda N, Schupp DA, Magnuson ML. Benzene Diffusion and Partitioning in Contaminated Drinking Water Pipes under Stagnant Conditions. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:2247-2254. [PMID: 37841341 PMCID: PMC10569255 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzene contamination in drinking water systems affected by wildfires is a problem of emerging concern. Polyethylene pipes used in service lines and premise plumbing are vulnerable to permeation by benzene and can potentially cause challenges in sampling and remediation of contaminated systems. However, the kinetics and equilibria of the uptake of benzene by and release of benzene from pipes of differing polyethylene types and manufacturers are not well studied, leading to additional uncertainty when interpreting sampling data and selecting remediation options. This work addresses this data gap by providing diffusion and partitioning data for benzene and several varieties of polyethylene pipes, including field samples from water distribution systems. All polyethylene pipes that were studied exhibited similar partitioning behavior during benzene uptake and release, but some differences in kinetics were observed among pipes. However, these differences were of minor practical importance in the pipe contamination scenario examined in this work. The results of this study can be used in conjunction with diffusion modeling to inform remediation decisions for benzene-contaminated, polyethylene service lines, and premise plumbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi M Haupert
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | | | - Nicole Sojda
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio 45204, United States
| | - Donald A Schupp
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio 45204, United States
| | - Matthew L Magnuson
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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Li J, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Review of the Anti-Pollution Performance of Triple-Layer GM/GCL/AL Composite Liners. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:922. [PMID: 36295681 PMCID: PMC9611123 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates contain several types of pollutants and complex components, which pollute soils and groundwater. To compensate for the limitations of single-layer and double-layer liners, a triple-layer liner system composed of a geomembrane (GM), geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), and attenuation layer (AL) was invented and widely used in landfill anti-pollution systems. In this paper, the available literature on triple-layer GM/GCL/AL composite liners is summarized. First, the four main transport processes of pollutants through the composite liner, including convection, diffusion, adsorption, and degradation, were analyzed, and the anti-pollution performances were evaluated. According to this, the pollutant transport model considering the transport activity and transport state was classified, and the solution methods were summarized. Finally, the breakthrough time expressions of the composite liners were determined, which provided a base for evaluating their long-term performance and predicting the service life. The purpose of this literature review is to scientifically evaluate the anti-pollution performance of GM/GCL/AL and provide a scientific base and theoretical guidance for extending its application.
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Li Y, Zheng B, Yang Y, Chen K, Chen X, Huang X, Wang X. Soil microbial ecological effect of shale gas oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis residue used as soil covering material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129231. [PMID: 35739751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The residue derived from oil-based drilling cutting pyrolysis could be used as paving materials. Some petroleum hydrocarbons remain in the residue after pyrolysis and cause severe environmental pollution. In this study, the soil column leaching experiments were carried out under different leaching amounts, and the vertical migration characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and the dynamic response mechanism of microorganisms to petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed. The result showed that the soil pH value and water content with different leaching amounts did not differ significantly, but the vertical migration ability of each petroleum hydrocarbon component was different. In petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria maintained a high level (23.6%-60.7%). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Massilia decreased with the leaching amount increased. According to PICRUSt, Monooxygenase [EC: 1.14.13.-] played a significant role in petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. While Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase [EC: 6.2.1.3] had the highest relative abundance. By studying the influence of shale gas oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis residue on soil physical and chemical properties and soil microorganisms, this work provides scientific ecological assessment for the resource application of pyrolysis residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Baiping Zheng
- Chongqing Environment & Sanitation Group, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Yinghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kejin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiangle Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Rabajczyk A, Zielecka M, Cygańczuk K, Pastuszka Ł, Jurecki L. The Use of Polymer Membranes to Counteract the Risk of Environmental of Soil and Water Contamination. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060426. [PMID: 34199707 PMCID: PMC8226685 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) contamination of the environment is a significant threat to human health and life as well as environmental safety. It is then necessary to take actions aimed at minimizing and eliminating the threat. Depending on the type of contamination, various methods are used, including sorption, biodegradation, separation, or ion exchange processes in which membranes play an important role. The type of membrane is selected in respect of both the environment and the type of neutralized pollutants. Therefore, the production and modification of membranes are being adapted to the type of contamination and the purpose of the work. This article presents examples of membranes and their possible applications depending on the part of the environment subject to reclamation and the type of contamination.
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Haupert LM, Magnuson ML. Numerical Model for Decontamination of Organic Contaminants in Polyethylene Drinking Water Pipes in Premise Plumbing by Flushing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 145:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001542. [PMID: 32801447 PMCID: PMC7424390 DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials such as polyethylene are used extensively for indoor drinking water applications. These materials are subject to permeation by organic compounds such as those found in petroleum products and industrial chemicals, which can result in water quality issues with potential health effects. Although flushing is a common decontamination technique, disagreements and knowledge gaps in the scientific literature complicate prediction of how much flushing may be required to address organic contamination incidents. This paper utilizes a numerical solution to the diffusion equation to predict flushing decontamination times for toluene in cross-linked polyethylene tubing. Results suggest that for premise plumbing materials typically used for indoor drinking water applications, contaminated polyethylene tubing can be resistant to decontamination by flushing, possibly requiring days of continuous flushing to achieve contaminant removal to below regulatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi M Haupert
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Program, USEPA, 26 Martin Luther King Dr. West, Cincinnati, OH 45268
| | - Matthew L Magnuson
- National Homeland Security Research Center, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268
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Lico D, Vuono D, Siciliano C, B Nagy J, De Luca P. Removal of unleaded gasoline from water by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:636-643. [PMID: 30851592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article displays an efficient and cost effective technique for the removal of unleaded gasoline from water. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as the sorbent material. Nanotubes were synthesized according to a well-known procedure and successfully used avoiding cumbersome purifications from traces of catalyst. A series of lab-scale experiments was performed on dispersions of commercial unleaded gasoline (20 mL) in water (30 mL), which were subjected to the action of variable amounts of MWCNTs at room temperature. Physicochemical characteristics and sorbent capacity of nanotubes were investigated by thermal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The highest percentage of removed unleaded gasoline was obtained using small amounts (0.7 g) of MWCNTs, over very short stirring times (5 min). The composition of residual organic materials in water was investigated by 1H and 13C high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed the almost complete removal of unleaded gasoline hydrocarbon components from polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lico
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l'Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Danilo Vuono
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l'Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Janos B Nagy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l'Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Pierantonio De Luca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università della Calabria, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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McWatters RS, Rowe RK, Wilkins D, Spedding T, Hince G, Richardson J, Snape I. Modelling of vapour intrusion into a building impacted by a fuel spill in Antarctica. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:467-482. [PMID: 30388645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new vapour intrusion contaminant transport model was designed specifically to allow an assessment of the impact of a hydrocarbon fuel spill on air quality in cold region buildings. The model is applied to a recent situation in Antarctica, where a diesel spill impacted the construction of a new building. For the first time, this model allows consideration of the diffusive resistance of different vapour barrier to the transport of hydrocarbons into the building and an assessment of the effectiveness of different products. Site specific indoor air criteria are derived. Five scenarios are modelled at field temperatures: (1) build on current contaminated site; (2) excavate contaminated soil, backfill with clean soil and assess impact of residual contamination; (3) excavate and backfill with remediated (biopile) soil; (4) backfill with remediated soil and assess impact of residual contamination; (5) backfill with remediated soil and assess impact of a potential future fuel spill. Two different vapour barriers, a co-extruded ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) geomembrane (VB1) and a linear low-density (LLDPE) geomembrane (VB2), are investigated for each scenario and compared to a base case with no vapour barrier, providing quantifiable evidence of the benefit of installing an engineered vapour barrier Contaminant concentrations were below regulatory limits for Scenarios (2-5) with VB1 and air exchange in the building. For all scenarios, the EVOH geomembrane (VB1) was consistently superior at reducing vapour transport into the building indoor air space over the LLDPE geomembrane (VB2) and no vapour barrier. The risk mitigation measures developed for this contaminated Antarctic site may be relevant for other buildings in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S McWatters
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - R K Rowe
- Geoengineering Centre at Queen's-RMC, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Wilkins
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - T Spedding
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - G Hince
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Richardson
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - I Snape
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
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The Fate of Chemical Pollutants with Soil Properties and Processes in the Climate Change Paradigm—A Review. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants are two major groups of pollutants in soils. The fate and exposure of such pollutants in soil depends on their chemical properties, speciation, and soil properties. Soil properties and processes that control the toxicological aspects of pollutants include temperature, moisture, organic matter, mineral fractions, and microbial activities. These processes are vulnerable to climate change associated with global warming, including increased incidences of extreme rainfall, extended dry periods, soil erosion, and a rise in sea level. Here we explain evidence that relates to the effects of climate change-driven soil processes on the mobility, transport, and storage of pollutants in soil. The review found that changes in climate could increase human exposure to soil contaminants mainly due to processes involving soil organic carbon (SOC), surface runoff, redox state, and microbial community. However, uncertainties remain in relation to the extent of contaminant toxicity to human health, which is linked to global change drivers.
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