Sequestration of dyes from artificially prepared textile effluent using RSM-CCD optimized hybrid backbone based adsorbent-kinetic and equilibrium studies

Interpenetrating polymer networks for desalination and water remediation: a comprehensive review of research trends and prospects

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architectures have gained a lot of interest in recent decades, mainly due to their wide range of applications including water treatment and environmental remediation. IPNs are composed of two or more crosslinked polymeric matrices that are physically entangled but not chemically connected. In polymer science, the interpenetrating network structure with its high polymer chain entanglement is commonly used to generate materials with many functional properties, such as mechanical robustness and adaptable structure. In order to remove a targeted pollutant from contaminated water, it is feasible to modify the network architectures to increase the selectivity by choosing the monomer appropriately. This review aims to give a critical overview of the recent design concepts of IPNs and their applications in desalination and water treatment and their future prospects. This article also discusses the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles into traditional polymeric membrane networks and its advantages. In the first part, the current scenario for desalination, water pollution and conventional desalination technologies along with their challenges is discussed. Subsequently, the main strategies for the synthesis of semi-IPNs and full-IPNs, and their relevant properties in water remediation are presented based on the nature of the networks and mechanism, with an emphasis on the IPN membrane. This review article has thoroughly investigated and critically assessed published works that describe the latest study on developing IPN membranes, hydrogels and composite materials in water purification and desalination. The goal of this critical analysis is to elicit fresh perspectives regarding the application and advantages of IPNs in desalination and water treatment. This article will also provide a glimpse into future areas of research to address the challenges relating to advanced water treatment as well as its emerging sustainable approaches. The study has put forward a convincing justification and establishes the relevance of IPNs being one of the most intriguing and important areas for achieving a sustainable generation of advanced materials that could benefit mankind.

Adsorption of Methylene blue and Congo red from aqueous solution using synthesized alumina-zirconia composite

Alumina-zirconia (Al₂O₃-ZrO₂) composite was prepared by combustion method and used to remove Congo red and Methylene blue from aqueous solutions. It was characterized using SEM-EDS, XRD and gas adsorption techniques. The results obtained from gas adsorption and SEM agree with each other, showing meso- and macro-porosity of inter-agglomerate pores. The removal of the two dyes was pH dependent, acidic pH favoured Congo red removal, while basic pH favoured Methylene blue. The, mechanism of adsorption was not limited to electrostatic attraction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules. Adsorption kinetic of both dyes was consistent with Pseudo-second-order model. The data obtained fitted to Langmuir and Liu isotherm models, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 57. 50 and 53.44 mg g^-1 for Congo red and Methylene blue, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. The mechanism of adsorption was elucidated using XRD and FTIR techniques.

Fabrication of TiO2@ITO-grown nanocatalyst as efficient applicant for catalytic reduction of Eosin Y from aqueous media

Innovative titania nanostructures were synthesized via efficient and prolific liquid phase deposition route and efficiently utilized for catalytic degradation of Eosin Y. The as-synthesized TiO₂@ITO nanostructures were subjected to various characterization tactics that confirmed the efficacious fabrication of nanostructures. The minute size of particles around 5-6 nm having anatase crystalline phase and concrete like morphology was greatly revealed by atomic force microscopy, XRD, and SEM, respectively. The resulting nanoconcretes were employed for photocatalytic degradation of Eosin Y dye in aqueous medium. The effects of various experimental parameters such as the reducing agent concentration, sunlight, time, catalytic dose, and microwave power were investigated for the potential photocatalytic degradation. The proposed TiO₂@ITO nanostructures showed potential photocatalytic efficiency then previously reported nanomaterial for degradation of toxic Eosin Y dye; it shows approximately 99.8% dye degraded within 50-60 s using only 100 μg of nanocatalyst under optimized conditions. Owing to minute size, topography and electron-hole pair abilities TiO₂@ITO nanostructures suggest an exceptional icon at the commercial level for successful degradation of toxic pollutants.Graphical abstract.

Evaluation of curcumin assistance in the antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity of a carbon based TiO2nanocomposite

The present study focuses on the synthesis of visible light active curcumin supported TiO₂/AC (curcumin–TiO₂/AC) through sol–gel and wet impregnation methods for the decolourization of Reactive Blue 160.

Pineapple Bark Performance in Dyes Adsorption: Optimization by the Central Composite Design

This work is concerned with the study of the adsorption in aqueous medium of a three-dye mixture which contains Methylene Blue, Brilliant Green, and Congo Red on the pineapple bark. This adsorbent material has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental design methodology, based on the response surface methodology (RSM) by the central composite design (CCD), has been applied for the optimization of the parameters, namely, the temperature, dose of the adsorbent, and pH. The yield reached 98.91% under optimal conditions (T = 30°C; adsorbent dose = 2.5 g·L−1; pH = 9.8) at an initial concentration of 20 mg·L−1.

Gum xanthan-psyllium-cl-poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) based adsorbent for effective removal of cationic and anionic dyes: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

The present work highlights the synthesis of the adsorbent based on Gum xanthan-psyllium hybrid backbone graft co-polymerized with polyacrylic acid-co-polyitaconic acid chains for the rapid sequestration of auramine-O (Aur-O) and eriochrome black-T (EBT) dyes from the aqueous fluid. The excellent dye removal efficiency of 90.53% for EBT and 95.63% for Aur-O was found at initial dye concentration of 30mgL^-1 (EBT) and 15 mgL^-1 (Aur-O) 40mL^-1 with an adsorbent dose of 600mg within time duration of 5h and 323K temp. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm for Aur-O and EBT dyes (R² ≥ 0.90), respectively. The adsorption kinetics depicted that pseudo-second order kinetics was followed simultaneously with intra-particle diffusion for both the dyes. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also calculated and confirmed the spontaneity, randomness and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Further, the adsorbent exhibited good recyclability efficiency for the capture of Aur-O and EBT from aqueous solution with minimal activity decline after six and three cycles, respectively. So, the synthesized adsorbent could be used successfully by the textile industries for the treatment of dye contaminated water with excellent competency.

Treatment of real benzene dye intermediates wastewater by the Fenton method: characteristics and multi-response optimization

Benzene dye intermediates (BDI) wastewater has caused major environmental concern due to its potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects.