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Chen X, Jiang L, Aghilinasrollahabadi K, Proano CA, Meisler S, Anderson MO, Xue J, Li G. Impacts of crude glycerol on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process in wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130271. [PMID: 38158091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the impact of a waste-derived carbon source, crude glycerol (CG), on Anammox. Batch bioassays were conducted to identify inhibitory component(s) in CG, and the relationship between Anammox activity and the concentration of CG, pure glycerol, and methanol were assessed. The results showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of CG and methanol are 434.5 ± 51.8 and 143.0 ± 19.6 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD) L-1, respectively, while pure glycerol at 0-2283 mg COD L-1 had no significant adverse effect on Anammox. The results suggested methanol is the major inhibitor in CG via a non-competitive inhibition mechanism. COD/total inorganic nitrogen ratio of > 1.3 was observed to cause a significant Anammox inhibition (>20 %), especially at low substrate level. These results are valuable for evaluating the feasibility of using CG for nitrogen removal in water resource recovery facilities, promoting sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojue Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Camila A Proano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Seth Meisler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Marya O Anderson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory (CRWRRL), Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Guangbin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 4298 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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2
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Zhang F, Chen Y, Zhao F, Yuan P, Lu M, Qin K, Qin F, Fu S, Guo R, Feng Q. Use of magnetic powder to effectively improve the denitrification employing the activated sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119049. [PMID: 37837762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal is often limited in municipal wastewater treatment due to the lack of sufficient carbon source. Utilizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation broth as a carbon source is an ideal alternative to reduce the cost for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and improve denitrification efficiency simultaneously. In this study, an anaerobic system was applied for simultaneous denitrification and WAS fermentation and the addition of magnetic microparticles (MMP) were confirmed to enhance both denitrification and WAS fermentation. Firstly, the addition of MMP increased the nitrate reduction rate by over 25.36% and improve the production of N2. Additionally, the equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the detected VFAs increased by 7.06%-14.53%, suggesting that MMP promoted the WAS fermentation. The electron transfer efficiency of denitrifies was accelerated by MMP via electron-transporting system (ETS) activity and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, which might result in the promotional denitrification and WAS fermentation performance. Furthermore, the high-throughput sequencing displayed that, MMP enriched key microbes capable of degrading the complex organics (Chloroflexi, Synergistota and Spirochaetota) as well as the typical denitrifies (Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and Denitratisoma). Therefore, this study provides a novel strategy to realize simultaneous WAS utilization and denitrification for WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Peiyao Yuan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Mingyi Lu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Kang Qin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, PR China
| | - Fan Qin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Shanfei Fu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Rongbo Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
| | - Quan Feng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biogas, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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3
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Boumaiza L, Ben Ammar S, Chesnaux R, Stotler RL, Mayer B, Huneau F, Johannesson KH, Levison J, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Nitrate sources and transformation processes in groundwater of a coastal area experiencing various environmental stressors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118803. [PMID: 37611515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In coastal salinized groundwater systems, contamination from various nitrate (NO3) inputs combined with complex hydrogeochemical processes make it difficult to distinguish NO3 sources and identify potential NO3 transformtation processes. Effective field-based NO3 studies in coastal areas are needed to improve the understanding of NO3 contamination dynamics in groundwater of such complex coastal systems. This study focuses on a typical Mediterranean coastal agricultural area, located in Tunisia, experiencing substantial NO3 contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources. Here, multiple isotopic tracers (δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, and δ11B) combined with a Bayesian isotope MixSIAR model are used (i) to identify the major NO3 sources and their contributions, and (ii) to describe the potential NO3 transformation processes. The measured NO3 concentrations in groundwater are above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. The measured isotopic composition of NO3 indicates that manure, soil organic matter, and sewage are the potential sources of NO3, while δ11B values constrain the NO3 contamination to manure; a finding that is supported by the results of MixSIAR model revealing that manure-derived NO3 dominates over other likely sources. Nitrate derived from manure in the study area is attributed to organic fertilizers used to promote crop growth, and livestock that deposit manure directly on the ground surface. Evidence for ongoing denitrification in groundwaters of the study area is supported by an enrichment in both 15N and 18O in the remaining NO3, although isotopic mass balances between the measured and the theoretical δ18ONO3 values also suggest the occurrence of nitrification. The simultaneous occurrence of these biogeochemical processes with heterogeneous distribution across the study area reflect the complexity of interactions within the investigated coastal aquifer. The multiple isotopic tracer approach used here can identify the effect of multiple NO3 anthropogenic activities in coastal environments, which is fundamental for sustainable groundwater resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada.
| | - Safouan Ben Ammar
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Technologies de L'Environnement de L'Urbanisme et de Bâtiment, Tunis, 2035, Tunisia
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université Du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi BP52, Corte, 20250, France
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jana Levison
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Cargnin JMR, Júnior HLP, João JJ. Sustainable technology: potential of biomass (Bambusa tuldoides) for biological denitrification of wastewater generated in shrimp farming. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:736. [PMID: 37233845 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from shrimp farming is rich in organic material, solids, and nutrients, which cause a series of environmental problems when released into the environment. Currently, for the removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater, among the most studied methods is biological denitrification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational parameters for the development of a more sustainable technology for the removal of nitrogen compounds from shrimp farm wastewater, using Bambusa tuldoides (a species of bamboo) as a source of carbon and a material conducive to the development of selected denitrifying bacteria. To optimize the process, biological denitrification assays were performed varying the following parameters: bamboo length (cm), pH, temperature, and stoichiometric proportions of C and N. The operational stability of the process with the reuse of the bamboo biomass was also evaluated. Cronobacter sakazakii and Bacillus cereus were identified as denitrifying microorganisms present in reactor with bamboo biomass. The best operational conditions observed were pH 6 to 7 and temperature 30 to 35 °C, and the addition of an external carbon source was not necessary for the denitrification process to occur efficiently. Under these conditions, biological denitrification occurred with an average efficiency above 90% based on the removal of the nitrogen contaminants evaluated (NO3-N and NO2-N). Regarding operational stability, 8 cycles were performed using the same source of carbon without reducing the efficiency of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Luiz Pilz Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jair Juarez João
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Ortmeyer F, Guerreiro MA, Begerow D, Banning A. Modified microbiology through enhanced denitrification by addition of various organic substances-temperature effect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60282-60293. [PMID: 37022539 PMCID: PMC10163118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the environmental nitrate (NO3-) problem is increasingly coming into focus. These increases in NO3- concentration result mainly from agricultural inputs and are further exacerbated by decreasing and finite geogenic NO3- degradation capacity in aquifers. Thus, treatment methods are becoming more and more important. In this study, the effects of enhanced denitrification with addition of organic carbon (C) on thereby autochthonous occurring microbiology and compared at room temperature as well as 10 °C were investigated. Incubation of bacteria and fungi was carried out using natural sediments without degradation capacity and groundwater with high NO3- concentrations. Addition of the four applied substrates (acetate, glucose, ascorbic acid, and ethanol) results in major differences in microbial community. Cooling to 10 °C changes the microbiology again. Relative abundances of bacteria are strongly influenced by temperature, which is probably the explanation for different denitrification rates. Fungi are much more sensitive to the milieu change with organic C. Different fungi taxa preferentially occur at one of the two temperature approaches. Major modifications of the microbial community are mainly observed whose denitrification rates strongly depend on the temperature effect. Therefore, we assume a temperature optimum of enhanced denitrification specific to each substrate, which is influenced by the microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ortmeyer
- Hydrogeology Department, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen and Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marco Alexandre Guerreiro
- Department of Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Department of Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre Banning
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
- University College Cork, Environmental Research Institute, Lee Road, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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6
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Ahmed SM, Rind S, Rani K. Systematic review: External carbon source for biological denitrification for wastewater. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:642-658. [PMID: 36420631 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mitigation is serious environmental issue around the globe. Several methods for wastewater treatment have been introduced, but biological denitrification has been recommended, particularly with addition of the best external carbon source. The key sites of denitrification are wetlands; it can be carried out with different methods. To highlight the aforementioned technology, this paper deals to review the literature to evaluate biological denitrification and to demonstrate cost effective external carbon sources. The results of systematic review disclose the denitrification process and addition of different external carbon sources. The online literature exploration was accomplished using the most well-known databases, that is, science direct and the web of science database, resulting 625 review articles and 3084 research articles, published in peer-reviewed journals between 2015 and 2021 were identified in first process. After doing an in-depth literature survey and exclusion criteria, we started to shape the review from selected review and research articles. A number of studies confirmed that both nitrification and denitrification are significant for biological treatment of wastewater. The studies proved that the carbon source is the main contributor and is a booster for the denitrification. Based on the literature reviewed it is concluded that biological denitrification with addition of external carbon source is cost effective and best option in nitrogen mitigation in a changing world. Our study recommends textile waste for recovery of carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjrani Manzoor Ahmed
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,HANDS-Institute of Development Studies, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Rind
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Keenjhar Rani
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Al-Rosyid LM, Santoso IB, Titah HS, Mangkoedihardjo S, Trihadiningrum Y, Hidayati D. Correlation between BOD/COD Ratio and Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient for Mixture Organic Compounds. Toxicol Int 2022. [DOI: 10.18311/ti/2022/v29i3/29141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlation between the BOD/COD ratio and Partition coefficient of octanol/ water (Pow) on a single organic substance shows that the Pow value is directly proportional to the toxicity level and inversely proportional to BOD/COD ratio. This research examined the correlation to a mixture of organic substances. The objective is to obtain a varied range of substances, as well as determining the quality of wastewater discharging to fresh waters. Need for analysis of organic substances used as antiseptics during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, organic substances from the organophosphate pesticide class, diazinon, were used. BOD5, COD, Pow, and LC50-96h toxicity tests using Daphnia magna were used. Six types of the mixture of organic substances included diazinon-formaldehyde-isopropyl alcohol, ethanol-oxalic acid-formaldehyde, isopropyl alcohol-glycerol-lactose, acetic acid-isopropyl alcohol-formaldehyde, sucrose-glycerol-acetic acid, and oxalic acid-formaldehyde-diazinon, with 3 different concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L, three repetitions. The lowest BOD/COD ratio (<0.2) and the highest Pow value (>4) are found in diazinon-formaldehyde-IPA. Its toxicity in D. magna also showed the lowest LC-50 (11.82 mg/L). Whereas, sucrose-glycerol-acetic acid had the highest BOD/COD ratio (>0.7) and lowest Pow (<0.7) with the highest LC- 50 (567.88 mg/L). Other organic substances mixtures have characteristics in the range of these mixtures. Pow variability and the BOD/COD ratio have a negative correlation. A mixture of organic matter is more biodegradable making it has a higher tendency to dissolve in water.
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Technological Assessment on Steam Reforming Process of Crude Glycerol to Produce Hydrogen in an Integrated Waste Cooking-Oil-Based Biodiesel Production Scenario. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scenario of society is to produce fuel from renewable energy resources. The purpose of this research work is to develop an integrated approach for glycerol valorization and biodiesel production. Employing a range of methodologies widely used in the industry, technical analysis and assessments of the process’s applicability in real-world situations are also made. The integrated process plant is simulated using Aspen Plus®. Several different sensitivity analyses are carried out to describe the process that improves efficiency and are designed to maximize hydrogen recovery from the reforming section. The integrated process results are compared with several existing standalone biodiesel production processes. Additionally, the results are verified with the theoretical studies on glycerol valorization. The outcomes of the process plant simulation reveal coherent results with the current industrial standards for the two processes. The results show that the amount of glycerol produced (stream 7) is 60.72 kmol/h in mass flow rate, this translates to 7272.74 kg/h. The hydrogen produced is 488.76 kmol/h and, in mass flow rate, this translates to 985.3 kg/h. The total yield of hydrogen produced is around 13%. The biodiesel yield is at 92.5%. It shows a realistic recovery that would be attained if the process is implemented, contrary to theoretical studies.
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Zahi F, Huneau F, Garel É, Stotler RL, Bordeleau G, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Drias T, Re V, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on groundwater in coastal agricultural areas: A case from the Plain of the El-Nil River (North-Eastern Algeria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158153. [PMID: 35988595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on coastal aquifers subject to uncontrolled land use development by investigating the combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination. The research is undertaken in a Mediterranean coastal agricultural area (Plain of the El-Nil River, Algeria), where water resources are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to assess seawater contamination with its inland intrusion, and distinguish the nitrate sources and their apportionment. Results show that seawater intrusion is circumscribed to the sector neighboring the Mediterranean Sea, with two influencing functions including classic inland intrusion through the aquifer, and upstream seawater impact through the river mouth connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Groundwater and surface water samples reveal nitrate concentrations above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. Results from nitrate isotopic composition, NO3 and Cl concentrations, and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations chiefly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is related to wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is attributed to an excessive use of animal manure to fertilise agricultural areas. The dual negative impact of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination degrades water quality over a large proportion of the study area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to effective and sustainable water resources management in the Mediterranean coastal area. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the combined effect of various anthropogenic stressors on coastal environments and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other regions currently undergoing an early stage of water resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Faouzi Zahi
- Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Viviana Re
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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10
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Xing W, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Li J, Lin J, Yao H. Mainstream partial Anammox for improving nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater after organic recovery via magnetic separation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127726. [PMID: 35926560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen (TN) removal from municipal wastewater after organic recovery is challenging because of the low ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to TN. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is promising because it has no organic requirement, but its performance in treating effluents following COD captured remains unclear. This study used mainstream partial Anammox to remove nitrogen from effluent following magnetic separation within a continuous-flow anoxic-oxic reactor. Compared with traditional nitrification and denitrification, partial Anammox increased TN removal efficiency by 15.0% and contributed 23.6% of TN removal. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the copy number of the Anammox gene (hzsB) increased substantially, while those of the nitrite oxidation (nxrA) and denitrification (narG and nirS) genes decreased. High-throughput sequencing identified Candidatus Brocadia as the dominant genus of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of mainstream partial Anammox for treating COD-captured effluents and its potential in municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xing
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Jia Lin
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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11
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Zubrowska-Sudol M, Walczak J, Piechota G. Disintegration of waste sludge as an element bio-circular economy in waste water treatment plant towards carbon recovery for biological nutrient removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127622. [PMID: 35850396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to evaluate the possibility of use of disintegrated excess sludge to enhance combined biological nutrient removal from wastewater. In the experiment lasting 295 days four runs were performed. Effectiveness of contaminants removal in sequencing batch reactor without and with applying sludge subjected previously to hydrodynamic disintegration at three energy density (ƐL) levels was analysed. It was shown that ƐL is a crucial parameters responsible for the characteristics of disintegrated sludge applied as a carbon source for biological nutrient removal. Using sludge disintegrated at 70 and 210 kJ/L the increase in effectiveness of N and P removal was noted, averagely by 16.1 % (N removal) and 70.3 % (P removal) at ƐL = 70 kJ/L and by 17.8 % and 63.1 % at ƐL = 210 kJ/L. On the contrary, use of sludge disintegrated at ƐL = 280 kJ/L caused decline in N removal by averagely 12.8 %, what was a consequence of nitrification failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zubrowska-Sudol
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Walczak
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM. Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, ul. Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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12
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Fu X, Hou R, Yang P, Qian S, Feng Z, Chen Z, Wang F, Yuan R, Chen H, Zhou B. Application of external carbon source in heterotrophic denitrification of domestic sewage: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153061. [PMID: 35026271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon source is essential as an electron donor in the heterotrophic denitrification process. When there is a lack of organic carbon sources in the system, an external carbon source is needed to improve denitrification efficiency. This review compiles the effects of liquid, solid and gaseous carbon sources on denitrification. Sodium acetate has better denitrification efficiency and is usually the first choice for external carbon sources. Fermentation by-products have been demonstrated to have the same denitrification efficiency as sodium acetate. Compared with cellulose-rich materials, biodegradable polymers have better and more stable denitrification performance in solid-phase nitrification, but their price is higher than the former. Methane as a gaseous carbon source is studied mainly by aerobic methane oxidation coupled with denitrification, which is feasible using methane as a carbon source. Liquid carbon sources are better controlled and utilized than solid carbon sources and gaseous carbon sources. In addition, high carbon to nitrogen ratio and hydraulic retention time can promote denitrification, while high dissolved oxygen (DO>2.0 mg L-1) will inhibit the denitrification process. At the same time, high temperature is conducive to the decomposition of carbon sources by microorganisms. This review also considers the advantages and disadvantages of different carbon sources and cost analysis to provide a reference for looking for more economical and effective external carbon sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengtao Qian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuqing Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Qi C, Zhou Y, Suenaga T, Oba K, Lu J, Wang G, Zhang L, Yoon S, Terada A. Organic carbon determines nitrous oxide consumption activity of clade I and II nosZ bacteria: Genomic and biokinetic insights. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117910. [PMID: 34920314 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing nitrous oxide (N2O)-reducing bacteria is a promising strategy to reduce the N2O footprint of engineered systems. Applying a preferred organic carbon source as an electron donor accelerates N2O consumption by these bacteria. However, their N2O consumption potential and activity when fed different organic carbon species remain unclear. Here, we systematically compared the effects of various organic carbon sources on the activity of N2O-reducing bacteria via investigation of their biokinetic properties and genomic potentials. Five organic carbon sources-acetate, succinate, glycerol, ethanol, and methanol-were fed to four N2O-reducing bacteria harboring either clade I or clade II nosZ gene. Respirometric analyses were performed with four N2O-reducing bacterial strains, identifying distinct shifts in DO- and N2O-consumption biokinetics in response to the different feeding schemes. Regardless of the N2O-reducing bacteria, higher N2O consumption rates, accompanied by higher biomass yields, were obtained with acetate and succinate. The biomass yield (15.45 ± 1.07 mg-biomass mmol-N2O-1) of Azospira sp. strain I13 (clade II nosZ) observed under acetate-fed condition was significantly higher than those of Paracoccus denitrificans and Pseudomonas stutzeri, exhibiting greater metabolic efficiency. However, the spectrum of the organic carbon species utilizable to Azospira sp. strain I13 was limited, as demonstrated by the highly variable N2O consumption rates observed with different substrates. The potential to metabolize the supplemented carbon sources was investigated by genomic analysis, the results of which corroborated the N2O consumption biokinetics results. Moreover, electron donor selection had a substantial impact on how N2O consumption activities were recovered after oxygen exposure. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of choosing appropriate electron donor additives for increasing the N2O sink capability of biological nitrogen removal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suenaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 185-8538, Japan
| | - Kohei Oba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sukhwan Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 185-8538, Japan.
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14
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Alleviating the membrane fouling potential of the denitrification filter effluent by regulating the COD/N ratio and carbon source in the process of wastewater reclamation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Zhao F, Xin J, Yuan M, Wang L, Wang X. A critical review of existing mechanisms and strategies to enhance N 2 selectivity in groundwater nitrate reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117889. [PMID: 34936974 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater has become an environmental problem of general concern and requires immediate remediation because of adverse human and ecological impacts. NO3- removal from groundwater is conducted mainly by chemical, biological, and coupled methods, with the removal efficiency of NO3- considered the sole performance indicator. However, in addition to the harmless form of N2, the reduced NO3- could be transformed into other intermediates, such as nitrite (NO2-), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH4+), which may have direct or indirect negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, increasing N2 selectivity is a significant challenge in reducing NO3- in groundwater, which seriously impedes the large-scale implementation of available remediation technologies. In this work, we comprehensively overview the most recent advances in N2 selectivity regarding the understanding of emerging groundwater NO3- removal technologies. Mechanisms of by-product production and strategies to enhance the selective reduction of NO3- to N2 are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we proposed topics for further research and hope that the total environmental impacts of remediation schemes should be evaluated comprehensively by quantifying all potential intermediate products, and promising strategies should be further developed to enhance N2 selectivity, to improve the feasibility of related technologies in actual remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yuan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Litao Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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16
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Kwon E, Park J, Park WB, Kang BR, Woo NC. Nitrate contamination of coastal groundwater: Sources and transport mechanisms along a volcanic aquifer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:145204. [PMID: 33736346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the sole water supply source on Jeju volcanic island in Korea and increasing levels of nitrate contamination have raised serious public concerns. This study was objected to understand the nitrate contamination mechanisms of the coastal groundwater overlain by a low-permeability layer in the western part of the island. The 2-yrs of quarterly groundwater monitoring from Sep. 2016 to Oct. 2018 revealed that NO3-N concentrations of 60.7% of sampled wells exceeded 10 mg/L, and those of 17.8% in the range of 3-10 mg/L, indicating those wells are already contaminated or under influence of potential sources. The spatio-temporal variation of groundwater chemistry and stable isotopic signatures suggested that nitrate originated mainly from chemical fertilizers due to agricultural activities and in part from liquefied manure affected by local livestock industries. Two transport processes appeared to be responsible for the nitrate in the confined coastal aquifer: 1) the direct penetration from the land surface through the wellbore leakage at incompletely grouted wells, and 2) the addition of nitrate-contaminated groundwater from upgradient areas where the confining layer is pinched out. Presently the potential nitrate sources are distributed up to 600 m above mean sea level(amsl), and the isotopic signatures implies that the provenance of coastal groundwater could be upland areas of up to 1280 m amsl. Subsequently, nitrate sources at upland areas could be picked up and carried down to the coastal groundwater under the confined condition of the basaltic aquifer that the regional groundwater recharge occurs. Consequently, groundwater contamination in the coastal aquifer should be considered in the big picture of groundwater system accommodating both regional and local flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kwon
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Bae Park
- Jeju Research Institute (JRI), Ayeon-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63147, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Rae Kang
- Jeju Research Institute (JRI), Ayeon-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63147, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam C Woo
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Cao J, Wang W, Zhao Z, Liu X, Li QX. Genome, metabolic pathways and characteristics of cometabolism of dibenzothiophene and the biodiesel byproduct glycerol in Paraburkholderia sp. C3. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124699. [PMID: 33535150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct, has not been well explored. In the present study, glycerol and the other carbon sources were studied for cometabolism of dibenzothiophene (DBT), a model chemical commonly used in bioremediation studies, by Paraburkholderia sp. C3. This study showed a direct association between rhamnolipids (RLs) biosynthesis and DBT biodegradation induced by different carbon sources in a Paraburkholderia specie. Glycerol can induce the strain C3 produce at least four RLs. The RL precursor is mainly derived from the fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) and β-oxidation pathway. The genome contained two (fabF and fabG) and four (fadA, fadE, fadB and echA) genes involved in FAS II and β-oxidation, respectively. The genome also carried the rhlA and rhlB genes involved in rhamnosyltransferase for RL biosynthesis and two DBT dioxygenase genes (nahAc and catA). The findings suggest a viable approach of using the biodiesel byproduct glycerol to remediate contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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18
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Wen Q, Su J, Li G, Huang T, Xue L, Bai Y. Performance and microbial community of a novel PVA/iron-carbon (Fe–C) immobilized bioreactor for nitrate removal from groundwater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An efficient immobilized denitrification bioreactor functioning under anaerobic conditions was developed by combining bacterial immobilization technology with iron-carbon (Fe–C) particles. The effects of key factors on nitrate (NO3
−–N) removal efficiency were invested, such as the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Experimental results show that 100.00% NO3
−–N removal efficiency and a low level of nitrite (NO2
−–N) accumulation less than 0.05 mg L−1 were obtained under the condition of a C/N ratio of 3, pH 7.0 and HRT of 6 h. Meteorological chromatographic analysis showed that the final product of denitrification was mainly nitrogen (N2). The main component of precipitation formed in the bioreactor was characterized as Fe3O4 by X-ray diffraction. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the dominant bacterial class in the Fe–C bioreactor was Gammaproteobacteria, while the dominant genera were Zoogloea and Azospira, the relative abundances of which were as high as 23.25 and 15.43%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
| | - Guoqing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
| | - Yihan Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi’an 710055 , China
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