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Szopa D, Izydorczyk G, Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A. Evaluation of the feasibility of using inorganic and organic acids for the extraction of amino acids from high-protein material (mealworm larvae) by chemical hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119479. [PMID: 37944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
High-protein mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) were treated with organic and inorganic acids in order to check the feasibility of applying acid hydrolyzates derived from them. Hydrolysis was optimized for the highest content of amino acids that have beneficial effects on plant development. The response surface method served the purpose of selecting optimal process conditions for such media as phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid and mixtures of phosphoric and citric acids. The elemental composition of the best formulations and their amino acid profile was determined. Plant tests on cucumber (germination and pot tests) revealed the beneficial effect of the hydrolyzates on plant biometric parameters. By offering valuable insights into the relationship between fertilizer treatments and plant growth, our study contributes to developing sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
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Sudheer S, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhat R. Sustainable polysaccharide and protein hydrogel-based packaging materials for food products: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125845. [PMID: 37473880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable food packaging is a necessary element to ensure the success of a food system, the accomplishment of which is weighed in terms of quality retention and ensured products safety. Irrespective of the raised environmental concerns regarding petroleum-based packaging materials, a sustainable analysis and a lab to land assessment should be a priority to eliminate similar fates of new material. Functionalized bio-based hydrogels are one of the smartest packaging inventions that are expected to revolutionize the food packaging industry. Although in this review, the focus relies on recent developments in the sustainable bio-based hydrogel packaging materials, natural biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides from which hydrogels could be obtained, the challenges encountered in hydrogel-based packaging materials and the future prospects of hydrogel-based food packaging materials are also discussed. Moreover, the need for 'Life Cycle Assessment' (LCA), stress on certifications and a sustainable waste management system is also suggested which can bring both food and packaging into the same recycling bins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Sudheer
- ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 510014, Estonia.
| | - Smarak Bandyopadhyay
- Centre of Polymeric Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tř. T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 510014, Estonia.
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Effects of pH and Crosslinking Agent in the Evaluation of Hydrogels as Potential Nitrate-Controlled Release Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051246. [PMID: 36904488 PMCID: PMC10007039 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and the loss of fertilizer from agricultural soils through runoff, which also leads to contamination of other areas, are increasingly common problems in agriculture. To mitigate nitrate water pollution, the technology of controlled release formulations (CRFs) provides a promising alternative for improving the management of nutrient supply and decreasing environmental pollution while maintaining good quality and high crop yields. This study describes the influence of pH and crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or N,N'-methylenebis (acrylamide) (NMBA), on the behavior of polymeric materials in swelling and nitrate release kinetics. The characterization of hydrogels and CRFs was performed by FTIR, SEM, and swelling properties. Kinetic results were adjusted to Fick, Schott, and a novel equation proposed by the authors. Fixed-bed experiments were carried out by using the NMBA systems, coconut fiber, and commercial KNO3. Results showed that on the one hand, no significant differences were observed in nitrate release kinetics for any system in the selected pH range, this fact allowing to apply these hydrogels to any type of soil. On the other hand, nitrate release from SLC-NMBA was found to be a slower and longer process versus commercial potassium nitrate. These features indicate that the NMBA polymeric system could potentially be applied as a controlled release fertilizer suitable for a wide variety of soil typologies.
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Yadav N, Kumar K, Singh VK, Rai S, Blahatia K, Das A, Jana T. Newly designed acrylamide derivative-based pH-responsive hydrogel-urease bioconjugates: synthesis and catalytic urea hydrolysis. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8647-8655. [PMID: 36349658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jack bean urease, the first nickel metalloenzyme, and crystallized enzymes have historical significance due to their several applications in the biomedical and other fields. For the first time, cross-linker free pH-responsive hydrogel-urease bioconjugates have been reported. Without the use of divinyl benzene or divinyl acrylamide derivatives, urease was immobilized inside the hydrogel matrix and various grades of bioconjugates were synthesized. The hydrogel-urease bioconjugate exhibits excellent swelling-deswelling and pH-responsive characteristics without affecting the urease enzyme. The pH-responsive bioconjugates were characterized by FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, TGA, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Urea hydrolysis and enzyme affinity have been investigated at pH 4, pH 7, and pH 11 using bioconjugates and free urease. At basic pH, BCs showed excellent enzyme activity. In summary, this technique is effective for stabilizing biomacromolecules at different pHs for a variety of real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailja Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kunal Blahatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, India Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Anupam Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Skrzypczak D, Gil F, Izydorczyk G, Mikula K, Gersz A, Hoppe V, Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A. Innovative bio-waste-based multilayer hydrogel fertilizers as a new solution for precision agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:116002. [PMID: 36104889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research work was to present a multilayer hydrogel capsule with controlled nutrient release properties as an innovative fertilizer designed for sustainable agriculture. Preparation of the capsules included the following steps: sorption of micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn) on eggshells (1) and their immobilization in sodium alginate, with the crosslinking agent being the NPK solution (2). The capsules were coated with an additional layer of a mixture of biopolymers (0.79% alginate, 0.24% carboxymethylcellulose and 8.07% starch)by means of dipping and spraying techniques. The biocomposites were characterized by limited (<10% within 100 h for the structures encapsulated by the dipping method) release of fertilizer ions (except for small K+ ions). The hydrogel fertilizer formulations were analyzed for physicochemical properties such as macro- and micronutrient content, surface morphology analysis, coating structure evaluation, mechanical properties, swelling and drying kinetics. High nutrient bioavailability was confirmed in vitro (extraction in water and neutral ammonium citrate). Germination and pot tests have revealed that the application of multicomponent hydrogel fertilizers increases the length of cucumber roots by 20%, compared to the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland.
| | - Filip Gil
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gersz
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Viktoria Hoppe
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, 50-370, Poland
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Núñez-Delgado A, Dominguez JR, Zhou Y, Race M. New trends on green energy and environmental technologies, with special focus on biomass valorization, water and waste recycling: editorial of the special issue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115209. [PMID: 35533594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this editorial piece, the Editors of the Virtual Special Issue (VSI) "New Trends on Green Energy and Environmental Technologies, with Special Focus on Biomass Valorization, Water and Waste Recycling", present summarized data corresponding to the accepted submissions, as well as additional comments regarding the thematic of the VSI. Overall, 83 manuscripts were received, with final publication of those having the highest quality, accepted after peer-reviewing. The Editors think that the result is a set of very interesting papers that increase the knowledge on the matter, and which would be useful for researchers and the whole society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. S/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín R Dominguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy
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Honeybees as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban and Rural Areas in the South of Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) has been used in several studies for monitoring the environmental health status in terms of pollution, due to its wide-ranging foraging flights. Based on this consideration, this study aimed to analyze heavy metal pollution in Molise Region (Italy), by investigating five sites characterized by different levels of contamination. Furthermore, the authors carried out a sampling activity for a long period, in order to obtain a complete dataset. In this way, detailed information about the status of the environments was able to be obtained. The main purpose of this work was to assess the health status of Molise Region and to confirm the suitability of honeybees as environmental bioindicators of heavy metal pollution, by analyzing their variability over time and space. Furthermore, the study compared the health status associated with contamination in terms of heavy metals with that in two different areas of Italy, using hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, to evaluate the correlation existing among the three different areas of Italy. Following the findings, the authors suggest the use of honeybees as a bioindicator for heavy metal pollution in air quality studies.
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Chiaregato CG, França D, Messa LL, Dos Santos Pereira T, Faez R. A review of advances over 20 years on polysaccharide-based polymers applied as enhanced efficiency fertilizers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 279:119014. [PMID: 34980357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, polysaccharide-based materials have garnered attention in the enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) research. Biodegradability, non-toxicity, water-solubility, swellability, and ease of chemical modification make these polymers suitable for agricultural applications. In this review, the polysaccharides-based EEFs advances are summarized over the polymer and co-materials selection, the methods, and the chemical/structure aspects necessary for an appropriate production. We also briefly discuss terminologies, nutrient release mechanisms, biodegradation, and future trends. The most used polysaccharides are chitosan, starch, and alginate, and the non-Fickian model most describes the release mechanism. It is dependent on the relaxation of polymer chains by the matrix swelling followed by the nutrient diffusion. EEFs-polymers-based should be designed as more packed and less porous structures to avoid the immediate contact of the fertilizer with the surrounding water, improving fertilizer retention. Furthermore, the preparation methods will determine the scale-up of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gruber Chiaregato
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora França
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Luiz Messa
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamires Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Roselena Faez
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13600970 Araras, SP, Brazil.
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Skrzypczak D, Jarzembowski Ł, Izydorczyk G, Mikula K, Hoppe V, Mielko KA, Pudełko-Malik N, Młynarz P, Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A. Hydrogel Alginate Seed Coating as an Innovative Method for Delivering Nutrients at the Early Stages of Plant Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234233. [PMID: 34883735 PMCID: PMC8659867 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed coating containing fertilizer nutrients and plant growth biostimulants is an innovative technique for precision agriculture. Nutrient delivery can also be conducted through multilayer seed coating. For this purpose, sodium alginate with NPK, which was selected in a preliminary selection study, crosslinked with divalent ions (Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II)) as a source of fertilizer micronutrients, was used to produce seed coating. The seeds were additionally coated with a solution containing amino acids derived from high-protein material. Amino acids can be obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of mealworm larvae (Gly 71.2 ± 0.6 mM, Glu 55.8 ± 1.3 mM, Pro 48.8 ± 1.5 mM, Ser 31.4 ± 1.5 mM). The formulations were applied in different doses per 100 g of seeds: 35 mL, 70 mL, 105 mL, and 140 mL. SEM-EDX surface analysis showed that 70 mL of formulation/100 g of seeds formed a continuity of coatings but did not result in a uniform distribution of components on the surface. Extraction tests proved simultaneous low leaching of nutrients into water (max. 10%), showing a slow release pattern. There occurred high bioavailability of fertilizer nutrients (even up to 100%). Pot tests on cucumbers (Cornichon de Paris) confirmed the new method’s effectiveness, yielding a 50% higher fresh sprout weight and four times greater root length than uncoated seeds. Seed coating with hydrogel has a high potential for commercial application, stimulating the early growth of plants and thus leading to higher crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Jarzembowski
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Viktoria Hoppe
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 2, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland; (K.A.M.); (N.P.-M.); (P.M.)
| | - Natalia Pudełko-Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 2, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland; (K.A.M.); (N.P.-M.); (P.M.)
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 2, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland; (K.A.M.); (N.P.-M.); (P.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.J.); (G.I.); (K.M.); (K.C.); (A.W.-K.)
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